{"id":106095,"date":"2007-07-10T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2007-07-09T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/ms-r-n-jadi-brothers-ors-vs-subhashchandra-on-10-july-2007"},"modified":"2017-03-22T20:40:15","modified_gmt":"2017-03-22T15:10:15","slug":"ms-r-n-jadi-brothers-ors-vs-subhashchandra-on-10-july-2007","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/ms-r-n-jadi-brothers-ors-vs-subhashchandra-on-10-july-2007","title":{"rendered":"M\/S R.N. Jadi &amp; Brothers &amp; Ors vs Subhashchandra on 10 July, 2007"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">M\/S R.N. Jadi &amp; Brothers &amp; Ors vs Subhashchandra on 10 July, 2007<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: P Balasubramanyan<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: P.K. Balasubramanyan<\/div>\n<pre>           CASE NO.:\nAppeal (civil)  2925 of 2007\n\nPETITIONER:\nM\/s R.N. Jadi &amp; Brothers &amp; Ors\n\nRESPONDENT:\nSubhashchandra\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT: 10\/07\/2007\n\nBENCH:\nP.K. BALASUBRAMANYAN\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>JUDGMENT<\/p>\n<p>CIVIL APPEAL NO.    2925           OF 2007<br \/>\n(Arising out of S.L.P. (C) No. 14606 of 2006)<\/p>\n<p>P.K. BALASUBRAMANYAN, J.\n<\/p>\n<p>1.\t\tI respectfully agree.  The High Court was in error in<br \/>\nsetting aside the order of the trial court accepting the written<br \/>\nstatement filed by the defendants, in the circumstances of the<br \/>\ncase.  I am prompted to make a few observations in the<br \/>\ncontext of the discussion by my learned brother on the scope<br \/>\nof the related provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure.\n<\/p>\n<p>2.\t\tIt is notorious that suits were being dragged on by<br \/>\ndefendants in suits by not filing their written statements<br \/>\nwithin a reasonable time.   We are not unaware of cases where<br \/>\nwritten statements were not filed even within two or three<br \/>\nyears of the filing of the suits.  The control expected to be<br \/>\nexercised by courts, by the scheme of the Code, was not being<br \/>\nexercised leading to slackness in the matter of filing of<br \/>\npleadings in defence.  It was in that context that the relevant<br \/>\nprovisions of the Code of Civil Procedure were amended, the<br \/>\nlaudable object being to avoid delay in the disposal of suits.<br \/>\nThe Amended Order VIII Rule 1 fixes a time limit for the filing<br \/>\nof written statements.  But, Parliament did not stop with<br \/>\namending Order VIII Rule 1 alone i.e. introducing a time limit<br \/>\nfor filing written statements and restricting the power of the<br \/>\ncourt to grant extension of time for filing written statements as<br \/>\n90 days from the date of service of summons.   The power for<br \/>\nextension of time granted to the court under Section 148 of<br \/>\nthe Code was curtailed by introducing an outer time limit of<br \/>\n30 days from the date originally fixed or granted.  Thus, the<br \/>\nlegislative intent to limit or curtail the power of the court to<br \/>\nextend the time for filing a written statement is obvious from a<br \/>\nconjoint reading of these provisions.\n<\/p>\n<p>3.\t\tIn addition to the time limit prescribed in Order VIII<br \/>\nRule 1 of the Code, it is provided in Order V Rule 1 that the<br \/>\nsummons issued to the defendant should itself provide that he<br \/>\nhas to appear and file his written statement within one month<br \/>\nof receipt of it and limiting the power of the court to extend the<br \/>\ntime for written statement to 90 days.  The summons is to be<br \/>\naccompanied by a copy of the plaint.  It simultaneously<br \/>\nintroduced Rule 14 to Order VII providing that where the<br \/>\nplaintiff sues upon a document or relies upon a document in<br \/>\nhis possession or power, in support of his claim, he shall enter<br \/>\nsuch documents in a list and shall produce it in court when<br \/>\nthe plaint is presented by him and shall at the same time<br \/>\ndeliver the document and copy thereof to be filed with the<br \/>\nplaint.  Sub-rule (3) was introduced to provide that if the<br \/>\ndocument is not included in the list, or is not produced with<br \/>\nthe plaint, it was not to be produced without the leave of the<br \/>\ncourt and without the leave of the court it shall not be received<br \/>\nin evidence on his behalf at the hearing of the suit.\n<\/p>\n<p>4.\t\tIn such a position, normally no injustice would be<br \/>\ncaused to the defendant in insisting upon his filing the written<br \/>\nstatement at least within 90 days of having received the<br \/>\nsummons in the suit.  I think that it would be proper to avoid<br \/>\nan interpretation that may tend to thwart the legislative intent<br \/>\nin such circumstances.\n<\/p>\n<p>5.\t\tIt is true that procedure is the handmaid of justice.<br \/>\nThe court must always be anxious to do justice and to prevent<br \/>\nvictories by way of technical knock-outs.  But how far that<br \/>\nconcept can be stretched in the context of the amendments<br \/>\nbrought to the Code and in the light of the mischief that was<br \/>\nsought to be averted is a question that has to be seriously<br \/>\nconsidered.  I am conscious that I was a party to the decision<br \/>\nin Kailash vs. Nankhu and others (2005 (4) SCC 480) which<br \/>\nheld that the provision was directory and not mandatory   But<br \/>\nthere could be situations where even a procedural provision<br \/>\ncould be construed as mandatory, no doubt retaining a power<br \/>\nin the court, in an appropriate case, to exercise a jurisdiction<br \/>\nto take out the rigor of that provision or to mitigate genuine<br \/>\nhardship.  It was in that context that in Kailash vs.  Nankhu<br \/>\nand others (supra) it was stated that the extension of time<br \/>\nbeyond 90 days was not automatic and that the court, for<br \/>\nreasons to be recorded, had to be satisfied that there was<br \/>\nsufficient justification for departing from the time limit fixed by<br \/>\nthe Code and the power inhering in the court in terms of<br \/>\nSection 148 of the Code.  Kailash is no authority for receiving<br \/>\nwritten statements, after the expiry of the period permitted by<br \/>\nlaw, in a routine manner.\n<\/p>\n<p>6.\t\tA dispensation that makes Order VIII Rule 1<br \/>\ndirectory, leaving it to the courts to extend the time<br \/>\nindiscriminately would tend to defeat the object sought to be<br \/>\nachieved by the amendments to the Code.  It is, therefore,<br \/>\nnecessary to emphasize that the grant of extension of time<br \/>\nbeyond 30 days is not automatic, that it should be exercised<br \/>\nwith caution and for adequate reasons and that an extension<br \/>\nof time beyond 90 days of the service of summons must be<br \/>\ngranted only based on a clear satisfaction of the justification<br \/>\nfor granting such extension, the court being conscious of the<br \/>\nfact that even the power of the court for extension inhering in<br \/>\nSection 148 of the Code, has also been restricted by the<br \/>\nlegislature.  It would be proper to encourage the belief in<br \/>\nlitigants that the imperative of Order VIII Rule 1 must be<br \/>\nadhered to and that only in rare and exceptional cases, the<br \/>\nbreach thereof will be condoned.  Such an approach by courts<br \/>\nalone can carry forward the legislative intent of avoiding delays<br \/>\nor at least in curtailing the delays in the disposal of suits filed<br \/>\nin courts.  The lament of Lord Denning in ALLEN vs. SIR<br \/>\nALFRED McALPINE &amp; SONS [(1968) 1 All E.R. 543] that law&#8217;s<br \/>\ndelays have been intolerable and last so long as to turn justice<br \/>\nsour, is true of our legal system as well.  Should that state of<br \/>\naffairs continue for all times?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India M\/S R.N. Jadi &amp; Brothers &amp; Ors vs Subhashchandra on 10 July, 2007 Author: P Balasubramanyan Bench: P.K. Balasubramanyan CASE NO.: Appeal (civil) 2925 of 2007 PETITIONER: M\/s R.N. Jadi &amp; Brothers &amp; Ors RESPONDENT: Subhashchandra DATE OF JUDGMENT: 10\/07\/2007 BENCH: P.K. BALASUBRAMANYAN JUDGMENT: JUDGMENT CIVIL APPEAL NO. 2925 OF 2007 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-106095","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>M\/S R.N. Jadi &amp; Brothers &amp; Ors vs Subhashchandra on 10 July, 2007 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/ms-r-n-jadi-brothers-ors-vs-subhashchandra-on-10-july-2007\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"M\/S R.N. Jadi &amp; Brothers &amp; Ors vs Subhashchandra on 10 July, 2007 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/ms-r-n-jadi-brothers-ors-vs-subhashchandra-on-10-july-2007\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/LegalindiaCom\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2007-07-09T18:30:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-03-22T15:10:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/09\/legal-india-icon.jpg?fit=512%2C512&ssl=1\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"512\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"512\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Legal India Admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@legaliadmin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@Legal_india\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Legal India Admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/ms-r-n-jadi-brothers-ors-vs-subhashchandra-on-10-july-2007#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/ms-r-n-jadi-brothers-ors-vs-subhashchandra-on-10-july-2007\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Legal India Admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0bfdffe9059fb8bb24a86d094609c5ea\"},\"headline\":\"M\\\/S R.N. Jadi &amp; Brothers &amp; Ors vs Subhashchandra on 10 July, 2007\",\"datePublished\":\"2007-07-09T18:30:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-03-22T15:10:15+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/ms-r-n-jadi-brothers-ors-vs-subhashchandra-on-10-july-2007\"},\"wordCount\":1070,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Supreme Court of India\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/ms-r-n-jadi-brothers-ors-vs-subhashchandra-on-10-july-2007#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/ms-r-n-jadi-brothers-ors-vs-subhashchandra-on-10-july-2007\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/ms-r-n-jadi-brothers-ors-vs-subhashchandra-on-10-july-2007\",\"name\":\"M\\\/S R.N. Jadi &amp; Brothers &amp; Ors vs Subhashchandra on 10 July, 2007 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2007-07-09T18:30:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-03-22T15:10:15+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/ms-r-n-jadi-brothers-ors-vs-subhashchandra-on-10-july-2007#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/ms-r-n-jadi-brothers-ors-vs-subhashchandra-on-10-july-2007\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/ms-r-n-jadi-brothers-ors-vs-subhashchandra-on-10-july-2007#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"M\\\/S R.N. Jadi &amp; Brothers &amp; Ors vs Subhashchandra on 10 July, 2007\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/\",\"name\":\"Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India\",\"description\":\"Search and read the latest judgements, orders, and rulings from the Supreme Court of India and all High Courts. A comprehensive database for lawyers, advocates, and law students.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"Free judgements of Supreme Court & High Court of India | Legal India\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India\",\"alternateName\":\"Legal India\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/5\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/legal-india-icon.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/5\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/legal-india-icon.jpg\",\"width\":512,\"height\":512,\"caption\":\"Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/LegalindiaCom\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/Legal_india\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0bfdffe9059fb8bb24a86d094609c5ea\",\"name\":\"Legal India Admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Legal India Admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/legaliadmin\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/author\\\/legal-india-admin\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"M\/S R.N. Jadi &amp; Brothers &amp; Ors vs Subhashchandra on 10 July, 2007 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/ms-r-n-jadi-brothers-ors-vs-subhashchandra-on-10-july-2007","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"M\/S R.N. Jadi &amp; Brothers &amp; Ors vs Subhashchandra on 10 July, 2007 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India","og_url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/ms-r-n-jadi-brothers-ors-vs-subhashchandra-on-10-july-2007","og_site_name":"Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/LegalindiaCom\/","article_published_time":"2007-07-09T18:30:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2017-03-22T15:10:15+00:00","og_image":[{"width":512,"height":512,"url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/09\/legal-india-icon.jpg?fit=512%2C512&ssl=1","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Legal India Admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@legaliadmin","twitter_site":"@Legal_india","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Legal India Admin","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/ms-r-n-jadi-brothers-ors-vs-subhashchandra-on-10-july-2007#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/ms-r-n-jadi-brothers-ors-vs-subhashchandra-on-10-july-2007"},"author":{"name":"Legal India Admin","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#\/schema\/person\/0bfdffe9059fb8bb24a86d094609c5ea"},"headline":"M\/S R.N. Jadi &amp; Brothers &amp; Ors vs Subhashchandra on 10 July, 2007","datePublished":"2007-07-09T18:30:00+00:00","dateModified":"2017-03-22T15:10:15+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/ms-r-n-jadi-brothers-ors-vs-subhashchandra-on-10-july-2007"},"wordCount":1070,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#organization"},"articleSection":["Supreme Court of India"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/ms-r-n-jadi-brothers-ors-vs-subhashchandra-on-10-july-2007#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/ms-r-n-jadi-brothers-ors-vs-subhashchandra-on-10-july-2007","url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/ms-r-n-jadi-brothers-ors-vs-subhashchandra-on-10-july-2007","name":"M\/S R.N. Jadi &amp; Brothers &amp; Ors vs Subhashchandra on 10 July, 2007 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#website"},"datePublished":"2007-07-09T18:30:00+00:00","dateModified":"2017-03-22T15:10:15+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/ms-r-n-jadi-brothers-ors-vs-subhashchandra-on-10-july-2007#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/ms-r-n-jadi-brothers-ors-vs-subhashchandra-on-10-july-2007"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/ms-r-n-jadi-brothers-ors-vs-subhashchandra-on-10-july-2007#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"M\/S R.N. Jadi &amp; Brothers &amp; Ors vs Subhashchandra on 10 July, 2007"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/","name":"Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India","description":"Search and read the latest judgements, orders, and rulings from the Supreme Court of India and all High Courts. A comprehensive database for lawyers, advocates, and law students.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#organization"},"alternateName":"Free judgements of Supreme Court & High Court of India | Legal India","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#organization","name":"Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India","alternateName":"Legal India","url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/09\/legal-india-icon.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/09\/legal-india-icon.jpg","width":512,"height":512,"caption":"Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/LegalindiaCom\/","https:\/\/x.com\/Legal_india"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#\/schema\/person\/0bfdffe9059fb8bb24a86d094609c5ea","name":"Legal India Admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Legal India Admin"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.legalindia.com","https:\/\/x.com\/legaliadmin"],"url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/author\/legal-india-admin"}]}},"modified_by":null,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106095","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=106095"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106095\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=106095"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=106095"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=106095"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}