{"id":114625,"date":"2011-06-17T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2011-06-16T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/state-of-rajasthan-vs-talevar-and-anr-on-17-june-2011"},"modified":"2019-02-23T12:59:34","modified_gmt":"2019-02-23T07:29:34","slug":"state-of-rajasthan-vs-talevar-and-anr-on-17-june-2011","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/state-of-rajasthan-vs-talevar-and-anr-on-17-june-2011","title":{"rendered":"State Of Rajasthan vs Talevar And Anr on 17 June, 2011"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">State Of Rajasthan vs Talevar And Anr on 17 June, 2011<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: . B Chauhan<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: B.S. Chauhan, Swatanter Kumar<\/div>\n<pre>                                                                             REPORTABLE\n\n\n                 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA\n\n              CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION\n\n\n                  CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 937 of 2005\n\n\n\n\nState of Rajasthan                                                         ...Appellant\n\n\n                                       Versus\n\n\nTalevar &amp; Anr.                                                              ...Respondents\n\n\n                                  J U D G M E N T\n<\/pre>\n<p>Dr. B.S. CHAUHAN, J.\n<\/p>\n<p>1.      This appeal has been preferred by the State of Rajasthan against <\/p>\n<p>the judgment and order dated 27.10.2004 passed by the High Court of <\/p>\n<p>Judicature for Rajasthan, Jaipur Bench, in Criminal Appeal No. 1579 <\/p>\n<p>of 2002 acquitting the respondents, setting aside their conviction and <\/p>\n<p>the sentence passed by Additional District and Sessions Judge, (Fast <\/p>\n<p>Track), Laxmangarh, Alwar, dated 2.11.2002 in Sessions Case No. 4 <\/p>\n<p>of   2002   (14\/2000)   for   the   offences   punishable   under   Sections   395, <\/p>\n<p>396   and   397   of   the   Indian   Penal   Code,   1860   (hereinafter   called   the <\/p>\n<p>IPC).\n<\/p>\n<p>2.      The   facts   and   circumstances   giving   rise   to   this   case   are   as <\/p>\n<p>under:\n<\/p>\n<p>A.     Santosh   Jagwayan   (PW.13)   lodged   an   FIR   on   17.12.1996   at <\/p>\n<p>8.30   A.M.,   that   in   the   intervening   night   between   16th  and   17th <\/p>\n<p>December,  1996 on hearing the noise, he sent his Chowkidar Gopal <\/p>\n<p>Nepali   (deceased)   to   the   roof   of   his   house.     Gopal   Nepali   went <\/p>\n<p>upstairs and opened the gate of the roof and found that 8 to 10 accused <\/p>\n<p>persons were trying to enter into the house by breaking upon the door <\/p>\n<p>of the roof.   They immediately fired shot at Gopal Nepali (deceased) <\/p>\n<p>and entered into the house.  The accused persons locked Shashi Devi <\/p>\n<p>(PW.12) wife of complainant, Preeti (PW.14) and Sandhya (PW.15), <\/p>\n<p>his   daughters,   in   the   bathroom   and   started   looting   the   moveable <\/p>\n<p>properties.  In the meanwhile, his neighbours raised their voice.  Thus, <\/p>\n<p>the accused immediately fired a shot at Mrs. Anita Yadav, as a result <\/p>\n<p>of which, she died on the spot.  Kripa Dayal Yadav (PW.2), husband <\/p>\n<p>of Anita Yadav (deceased) caught   hold of one of the accused but he <\/p>\n<p>was beaten with the butt of the gun by the other accused persons and <\/p>\n<p>they   got   the   accused   released   from   his   clutches.   The   accused <\/p>\n<p>decamped with cash, jewellery and silver wares etc.  <\/p>\n<p>B.     On   the   basis   of   the   said   complaint,   an   FIR   No.   240   of   1996 <\/p>\n<p>(Ex.P-30) was registered under Sections 395, 396, 397 and 398 IPC <\/p>\n<p>and investigation ensued.  The dead bodies of Gopal Nepali and Anita <\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">                                                                                      2<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Yadav were recovered and sent for post-mortem examination.  Kuniya <\/p>\n<p>&#8211;   accused\/respondent   was   arrested   on   24.12.1996.   He   made   a <\/p>\n<p>disclosure statement (Ex.P-76) on 29.12.1996 on the basis of which a <\/p>\n<p>silver   glass   and   one   thousand   rupees   were   recovered   vide   recovery <\/p>\n<p>memo   (Ex.P-53).   Further,   on   his   disclosure   statement,     a   scooter <\/p>\n<p>bearing   No.   RJ-05-0678   was   recovered   vide   recovery   memo   (Ex.P-\n<\/p>\n<p>52) on 2.1.1997.\n<\/p>\n<p>C.     Another   accused   Talevar   &#8211;   respondent,   was   arrested   on <\/p>\n<p>19.1.1997   and   on   his   disclosure   statement   made   on   26.1.1997,   two <\/p>\n<p>thousand rupees, a silver key ring and a key of Ambassador car was <\/p>\n<p>recovered vide seizure memo (Ex.P-45).\n<\/p>\n<p>D.     Some   more   recoveries   were   made   from   the   other   accused <\/p>\n<p>persons.   After   completing   the   investigation   chargesheet   was   filed <\/p>\n<p>against   9   accused   persons   including   the   two   respondents.   As   all   of <\/p>\n<p>them   pleaded   not   guilty,   they   were   put   to   trial   for   the   offences <\/p>\n<p>punishable under Sections 395, 396 and 398 IPC.\n<\/p>\n<p>E.         In   the   Sessions   trial   prosecution   examined   34   witnesses   in <\/p>\n<p>support of its case. The ornaments and stolen articles were identified <\/p>\n<p>by   Shashi  Devi  (PW.12)   and  Santosh  Jagwayan  (PW.13).    The  trial <\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">                                                                                   3<\/span><\/p>\n<p>court  vide  judgment  and  order  dated  2.11.2002  convicted  8 accused <\/p>\n<p>including   the   two   respondents.   One   accused   named   Ram   Krishan, <\/p>\n<p>died during the trial.  All of them stood convicted under the provisions <\/p>\n<p>of   Sections   395,   396   and   397   IPC.     All   the   accused   were   awarded <\/p>\n<p>punishment to undergo life imprisonment and a fine of Rs. 1,000\/- and <\/p>\n<p>in default of payment of fine, to further undergo six months rigorous <\/p>\n<p>imprisonment under Section 396 IPC. All of them were convicted for <\/p>\n<p>the   offence   punishable   under   Section   397   IPC   and   a   sentence   to <\/p>\n<p>undergo rigorous imprisonment for seven years and a fine of Rs.500\/-\n<\/p>\n<p>and   in   default   of   payment   of   fine,   to   further   undergo   three   months <\/p>\n<p>rigorous   imprisonment.     They   were   further   convicted   under   Section <\/p>\n<p>395   IPC,   awarded   life   imprisonment   and   fine   of   Rs.   1,000\/-   and   in <\/p>\n<p>default   of   payment   of   fine,   to   further   undergo   six   months   rigorous <\/p>\n<p>imprisonment.     Accused   namely,   Ghurelal,   Chunchu   @   Bhagwan <\/p>\n<p>Singh, Kallu, Rajpal and Samay Singh were further convicted under <\/p>\n<p>Sections 3\/25 and 3\/27 of the Arms Act and sentence was awarded to <\/p>\n<p>undergo   three   years   rigorous   imprisonment   and   a   fine   of   Rs.   500\/-\n<\/p>\n<p>each of them, in default of payment of fine, to further undergo three <\/p>\n<p>months rigorous imprisonment.\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">                                                                                     4<\/span><\/p>\n<p>F.      Being aggrieved by the said decision, all the accused including <\/p>\n<p>the   two   respondents   preferred   Criminal   Appeal   No.   1579   of   2002, <\/p>\n<p>which has been decided by the High Court vide judgment and order <\/p>\n<p>dated   27.10.2004   acquitting   the   two   respondents\/accused   though <\/p>\n<p>maintaining the conviction and sentence in respect of other accused.\n<\/p>\n<p>Hence, this appeal by the State against their acquittal.\n<\/p>\n<p>3.      Dr. Manish  Singhvi, learned  Additional  Advocate  General  for <\/p>\n<p>the   State   of   Rajasthan,   has   submitted   that   recovery   of   some   of   the <\/p>\n<p>looted   property   had   been   made   on   the   basis   of   the   disclosure <\/p>\n<p>statements   made   by   the   said   respondents.   The   law   provides   for   a <\/p>\n<p>presumption that they had participated in the crime and, therefore, the <\/p>\n<p>High   Court   has   wrongly   acquitted   the   said   accused   and   thus,   the <\/p>\n<p>appeal deserves to be allowed.\n<\/p>\n<p>4.      On the contrary, Shri Altaf Hussain, learned counsel appearing <\/p>\n<p>for   the   said   two   accused,   has   vehemently   opposed   the   appeal <\/p>\n<p>contending   that   mere   recovery   of   looted   property   on   the   disclosure <\/p>\n<p>statement of the accused, is not enough to bring home the charges of <\/p>\n<p>offence of loot or dacoity,  when the recovery is made after expiry of <\/p>\n<p>a considerable period from the date of incident and particularly when <\/p>\n<p>the   nature   of   the   looted   property   is   such   which   can   change   hands <\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">                                                                                     5<\/span><\/p>\n<p>easily.  Thus, no inference can be drawn against the respondents. The <\/p>\n<p>order of acquittal made by the High Court has been passed on proper <\/p>\n<p>appreciation   of facts   and  application  of  law.  The  appeal   lacks   merit <\/p>\n<p>and is liable to be dismissed.\n<\/p>\n<p>5.        We have considered the rival submissions made by the learned <\/p>\n<p>counsel for the parties and perused the record.\n<\/p>\n<p>6.      Admitted facts remained so far as the two respondents\/accused <\/p>\n<p>are   concerned,   that   no   test   identification   parade   was   held   at   all.\n<\/p>\n<p>Further none of the eye witnesses, particularly, Shashi Devi (PW.12), <\/p>\n<p>Santosh   Jagwayan   (PW.13),   Kripa   Dayal   Yadav   (PW.2),   Preeti <\/p>\n<p>(PW.14)   and   Sandhya   (PW.15),   identified   either   of   the   said <\/p>\n<p>respondents   in   the   court.     Therefore,   there   is   no   evidence   so   far   as <\/p>\n<p>their identification is concerned.\n<\/p>\n<p>7.      Thus, the sole question remains to be decided whether adverse <\/p>\n<p>inference could be drawn against the accused merely on the basis of <\/p>\n<p>recoveries made on their disclosure statements.\n<\/p>\n<p>7.1.       In  Gulab   Chand   v.   State   of   M.P.,   AIR   1995   SC   1598,   this <\/p>\n<p>Court   upheld   the   conviction   for   committing   dacoity   on   the   basis   of <\/p>\n<p>recovery   of   ornaments   of   the   deceased   from   the   possession   of   the <\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">                                                                                        6<\/span><\/p>\n<p>person   accused   of   robbery   and   murder  immediately  after   the <\/p>\n<p>occurrence.\n<\/p>\n<p>7.2.         <a href=\"\/doc\/260813\/\">In  Geejaganda Somaiah  v. State of Karnataka, AIR<\/a> 2007 <\/p>\n<p>SC 1355,  this Court relied on the judgment in Gulab Chand (supra) <\/p>\n<p>and   observed   that     simply   on   the   recovery   of   stolen   articles,   no <\/p>\n<p>inference   can   be   drawn   that   a   person   in   possession   of   the   stolen <\/p>\n<p>articles is guilty of the offence of murder and robbery. But culpability <\/p>\n<p>for the aforesaid offences will depend on the facts and circumstances <\/p>\n<p>of the case and the nature of evidence adduced.\n<\/p>\n<p>        It has been indicated by this Court in <a href=\"\/doc\/40914\/\">Sanwat Khan v. State of <\/p>\n<p>Rajasthan, AIR<\/a> 1956 SC 54,  that no hard and fast rule can be laid <\/p>\n<p>down   as   to   what   inference   should   be   drawn   from   certain <\/p>\n<p>circumstances.\n<\/p>\n<p>7.3.    In  Tulsiram   Kanu   v.   State,   AIR   1954   SC   1,  this   Court   has <\/p>\n<p>indicated   that   the   presumption   permitted   to   be   drawn   under   Section <\/p>\n<p>114, Illustration (a) of the Evidence Act 1872  has to be drawn under <\/p>\n<p>the  &#8216;important   time   factor&#8217;.  If   the   ornaments   in   possession   of   the <\/p>\n<p>deceased are found in possession of a person soon after the murder, <\/p>\n<p>a   presumption   of   guilt   may   be   permitted.   But   if   a   long   period   has <\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">                                                                                      7<\/span><\/p>\n<p>expired   in   the   interval,   the   presumption   cannot   be   drawn   having <\/p>\n<p>regard to the circumstances of the case.\n<\/p>\n<p>7.4.     In Earabhadrappa v. State of Karnataka AIR 1983 SC 446, <\/p>\n<p>this Court held that the nature of the presumption under Illustration (a) <\/p>\n<p>of Section 114 of the Evidence Act must depend upon the nature of <\/p>\n<p>evidence adduced. No fixed time-limit can be laid down to determine <\/p>\n<p>whether possession is recent or otherwise. Each case must be judged <\/p>\n<p>on its own facts. The question as to what amounts to recent possession <\/p>\n<p>sufficient to justify the presumption of guilt varies according &#8220;as the <\/p>\n<p>stolen article is or is not calculated to pass readily from hand to hand&#8221;.\n<\/p>\n<p>If the stolen articles were such as were not likely to pass readily from <\/p>\n<p>hand to hand, the period of one year that elapsed could not be said to <\/p>\n<p>be   too   long   particularly   when   the   appellant   had   been   absconding <\/p>\n<p>during that period.\n<\/p>\n<p>7.5.   Following such a reasoning, in Sanjay @ Kaka etc. etc. v. The <\/p>\n<p>State   (NCT   of   Delhi),  AIR   2001   SC   979,  this   Court   upheld   the <\/p>\n<p>conviction by the trial court since disclosure statements were made by <\/p>\n<p>the accused persons on the next day of the commission of the offence <\/p>\n<p>and the property of the deceased was recovered at their instance from <\/p>\n<p>the places where they had kept such properties, on the same day. The <\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">                                                                               8<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Court   found   that  the   trial   Court   was   justified   in   holding   that   the <\/p>\n<p>disclosure statements of the accused persons and huge recoveries from <\/p>\n<p>them at their instance by itself was   a sufficient circumstance on the <\/p>\n<p>very   next   day   of   the   incident   which   clearly   went   to   show   that   the <\/p>\n<p>accused persons had joined hands to commit the offence of robbery.\n<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, recent and unexplained possession of stolen properties will <\/p>\n<p>be taken to be presumptive evidence of the charge of murder as well.\n<\/p>\n<p>7.6.        <a href=\"\/doc\/717201\/\">In  Ronny  Alias   Ronald   James   Alwaris  &amp;   Ors.   v.   State   of <\/p>\n<p>Maharashtra, AIR<\/a> 1998 SC 1251,  this Court held that apropos the <\/p>\n<p>recovery of articles belonging to the family of the deceased from the <\/p>\n<p>possession of the appellants soon after the robbery and the murder of <\/p>\n<p>the   deceased   remained   unexplained   by   the   accused,   and   so   the <\/p>\n<p>presumption under Illustration (a) of Section 114 of the Evidence Act <\/p>\n<p>would be attracted :\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>     &#8220;It needs no discussion to conclude that the murder and the <\/p>\n<p>     robbery   of   the   articles   were   found   to   be   part   of   the   same <\/p>\n<p>     transaction.   The   irresistible   conclusion   would   therefore,   be <\/p>\n<p>     that the appellants and no one else had committed the three <\/p>\n<p>     murders and the robbery.&#8221;\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><\/blockquote>\n<p>(See also:  Baijur v. State of Madhya Pradesh, AIR 1978 SC 522;\n<\/p>\n<p>and   Mukund  alias   Kundu   Mishra  &amp;   Anr.   v.   State   of   Madhya <\/p>\n<p>Pradesh, AIR 1997 SC 2622).\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">                                                                                         9<\/span><\/p>\n<p>7.7.     Thus, the law on this issue can be summarized to the effect that <\/p>\n<p>where   only   evidence   against   the   accused   is   recovery   of   stolen <\/p>\n<p>properties, then although the circumstances may indicate that the theft <\/p>\n<p>and murder might have been committed at the same time, it is not safe <\/p>\n<p>to   draw   an   inference   that   the   person   in   possession   of   the   stolen <\/p>\n<p>property had committed the murder. It also depends on the nature of <\/p>\n<p>the property so recovered, whether it was likely to pass readily from <\/p>\n<p>hand to hand. Suspicion should not take the place of proof.\n<\/p>\n<p>8.     In the instant case, accused Kuniya was arrested on 24.12.1996 <\/p>\n<p>and a silver glass and one thousand rupees were alleged to have been <\/p>\n<p>recovered   on   his   disclosure   statement   on   29.12.1996.   Again   on <\/p>\n<p>disclosure   statement   dated   2.1.1997,   a   scooter   alleged   to   have   been <\/p>\n<p>used   in   the   dacoity,   was   recovered.     Similarly,   another   accused <\/p>\n<p>Talevar was arrested on 19.1.1997 and on his disclosure statement on <\/p>\n<p>26.1.1997,   two   thousand   rupees,   a   silver   key   ring   and   a   key   of <\/p>\n<p>Ambassador   car   alleged   to   have   been   used   in   the   crime   were <\/p>\n<p>recovered.   Thus,   it   is   evident   that   recovery   on   the   disclosure <\/p>\n<p>statements   of   either   of   the   respondents\/accused   persons   was   not   in <\/p>\n<p>close proximity of time from the date of incident.  More so, recovery <\/p>\n<p>is either of cash, small things or vehicles which can be passed from <\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">                                                                                  10<\/span><\/p>\n<p>one person to another without any difficulty.  In such a fact situation, <\/p>\n<p>we   reach   the   inescapable   conclusion   that   no   presumption   can   be <\/p>\n<p>drawn   against   the   said   two   respondents\/accused   under   Section   114 <\/p>\n<p>Illustration   (a)   of   the   Evidence   Act.   No   adverse   inference   can   be <\/p>\n<p>drawn on the basis of recoveries made on their disclosure statements <\/p>\n<p>to connect them with the commission of the crime.\n<\/p>\n<p>9.     The  instant   appeal  has   been  prepared   by   the  State  against   the <\/p>\n<p>judgment and order of acquittal of the respondents by the High Court.\n<\/p>\n<p>The law on the issue is settled to the effect that only in exceptional <\/p>\n<p>cases   where   there   are   compelling   circumstances   and   the   judgment <\/p>\n<p>under appeal is found to be perverse, the appellate court can interfere <\/p>\n<p>with the  order   of  acquittal.  The   appellate  court   should  bear  in mind <\/p>\n<p>the presumption of innocence of the accused and further that the trial <\/p>\n<p>Court&#8217;s   acquittal   bolsters   the   presumption   of   his   innocence.\n<\/p>\n<p>Interference   in   a   routine   manner   where   the   other   view   is   possible <\/p>\n<p>should be avoided, unless there are good reasons for interference.\n<\/p>\n<p>(See : <a href=\"\/doc\/515070\/\">Brahm Swaroop &amp; Anr. v. State of  U.P., AIR<\/a> 2011 SC 280;\n<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/doc\/1296574\/\">V.S.   Achuthanandan   v.   R.   Balakrishna   Pillai   &amp;   Ors.,<\/a>   (2011)   3 <\/p>\n<p>SCC 317; and <a href=\"\/doc\/1326202\/\">Rukia Begum &amp; Ors. v. State of Karnataka,<\/a> (2011) <\/p>\n<p>4 SCC 779).\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">                                                                                 11<\/span><\/p>\n<p>      10.       In   view   of   the   above,   we   do   not   find   any   reason   to   interfere <\/p>\n<p>      with   the   well   reasoned   judgment   and   order   of   the   High   Court <\/p>\n<p>      acquitting   the   said   respondents.     The   appeal   lacks   merit   and   is <\/p>\n<p>      accordingly dismissed.\n<\/p>\n<p>                                                                       &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;\n<\/p>\n<p>      J.\n<\/p>\n<p>                                                               (Dr. B.S. CHAUHAN)<\/p>\n<p>                                                                      &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.J.\n<\/p>\n<p>                                                               (SWATANTER KUMAR) <\/p>\n<p>      New Delhi,              <\/p>\n<p>      June 17, 2011<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">                                                                                                           12<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India State Of Rajasthan vs Talevar And Anr on 17 June, 2011 Author: . B Chauhan Bench: B.S. Chauhan, Swatanter Kumar REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 937 of 2005 State of Rajasthan &#8230;Appellant Versus Talevar &amp; Anr. &#8230;Respondents J U D G M E [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-114625","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>State Of Rajasthan vs Talevar And Anr on 17 June, 2011 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/state-of-rajasthan-vs-talevar-and-anr-on-17-june-2011\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"State Of Rajasthan vs Talevar And Anr on 17 June, 2011 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; 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