{"id":115400,"date":"2003-04-28T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2003-04-27T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/amina-vs-hassn-koya-on-28-april-2003"},"modified":"2017-01-04T18:03:15","modified_gmt":"2017-01-04T12:33:15","slug":"amina-vs-hassn-koya-on-28-april-2003","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/amina-vs-hassn-koya-on-28-april-2003","title":{"rendered":"Amina vs Hassn Koya on 28 April, 2003"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Amina vs Hassn Koya on 28 April, 2003<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: M.B. Shah, Arun Kumar<\/div>\n<pre>           CASE NO.:\nAppeal (crl.)  635 of 2003\n\nPETITIONER:\nAMINA\n\nRESPONDENT:\nHASSN KOYA\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT: 28\/04\/2003\n\nBENCH:\nM.B. SHAH &amp; ARUN KUMAR\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>JUDGMENT<\/p>\n<p>2003(3) SCR 999<\/p>\n<p>The Judgment of the Court was delivered by ARUN KUMAR, J. Leave granted.\n<\/p>\n<p>We have heard the learned counsel for the parties at length. The appellant<br \/>\nwas married to respondent on 28.12.1972. As per the respondent&#8217;s case a<br \/>\ngirl child was born to the appellant on 28.4.1973\/3.5.1973. Respondent<br \/>\ndivorced the appellant on 2.5.1977. The appellant filed a petition on<br \/>\n14.12.1977 under Section 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure seeking<br \/>\nmaintenance for herself at the rate of Rs. 150 per month and for the<br \/>\ndaughter at the rate of Rs. 125 per month. In reply to the petition the<br \/>\nrespondent admitted the factum of the marriage, however, he set up a case<br \/>\nthat the fact that the appellant was already pregnant at the time of<br \/>\nmarriage, was concealed from him by the appellant, the marriage was<br \/>\ntherefore, invalid and void. As such he was not liable to pay maintenance.<br \/>\nIt was further submitted that the child was not born to the appellant<br \/>\nthrough the respondent and, therefore, the respondent had no obligation to<br \/>\npay any maintenance qua the child. The learned Magistrate, 1st Class,<br \/>\nQuinlandy held that the marriage was valid and, therefore, he directed<br \/>\npayment of maintenance at the rate of Rs. 75 per month by the respondent to<br \/>\nthe appellant. No maintenance was allowed for the child because the child<br \/>\nwas believed to be not fathered by respondent. This order was passed on 9th<br \/>\nFebruary, 1979. Both the parties challenge the said decision of the<br \/>\nMagistrate to the extent it was against them. The Addl. Sessions Judge,<br \/>\nKozhikode by his order dated 5 November, 1980 allowed the revision petition<br \/>\nfiled by the respondent (husband) and dismissed the revision petition filed<br \/>\nby the appellant. The marriage was held to be invalid by the Addl. Sessions<br \/>\nJudge, Kozhikode Division and that was the main reason for accepting the<br \/>\nrevision filed by the husband. Since the marriage was held to be invalid it<br \/>\nfollowed that there was no obligation to pay any maintenance. The High<br \/>\nCourt of Kerala dismissed the revision petition filed by the appellant<br \/>\nagainst the order of the Addl. Sessions Judge, confirming the finding that<br \/>\nthe marriage was void. Hence the present appeal.\n<\/p>\n<p>The basic question for consideration before this Court is whether there was<br \/>\na valid marriage between the parties? In this connection it is to be noted<br \/>\nthat the factum of marriage is admitted. This means that the marriage took<br \/>\nplace between the parties on 28.12.1972. It is respondent&#8217;s own case that a<br \/>\ngirl child was born to the appellant on 28.4.1973\/3.5.1973. The appellant<br \/>\nappeared as a witness as P.W. 1. The respondent also appeared as a witness.<br \/>\nHe admitted the marriage, but submitted that the marriage was invalid and<br \/>\nvoid because the lady was pregnant, which fact was concealed from him at<br \/>\nthe time of marriage. In support of his case that the appellant was five<br \/>\nmonths pregnant on the date of the marriage he produced on record Exhibits<br \/>\nDl and D3(a) showing that appellant gave birth to a girl child. According<br \/>\nto Exhibit DI a girl child was born to Amina-appellant on 3.5.1973. The<br \/>\nnames of parents are given as that of the appellant and the respondent in<br \/>\nExhibit Dl while the name of the girl child is given as Soudha which is<br \/>\nadmittedly the name of the girl child in this case. The evidence of the<br \/>\ndoctor who performed the delivery shows that the respondent had attended on<br \/>\nhis wife in the hospital when the appellant delivered the girl child.<br \/>\nExhibit D3(a) is the entry in the official register regarding the birth of<br \/>\nthe girl, child. By producing this evidence though the respondent succeeded<br \/>\nin proving that a child was born to the appellant on 3.5.1973, he revealed<br \/>\nanother fact. Exhibit Dl proves that the name of the respondent is<br \/>\nmentioned as father of the girl child and the evidence of the doctor as<br \/>\nP.W. 6 shows that the respondent was attending on Amina, the appellant, at<br \/>\nthe time of her delivery. The name of the respondent as father of the child<br \/>\nmust have been given for purposes of official record by the responded<br \/>\nhimself.\n<\/p>\n<p>The legal question that arises for consideration is whether such a marriage<br \/>\ncan be said to be void or illegal. It is settled law that under the Muslim<br \/>\nLaw a marriage is a contract unlike the Hindu Law, where it is a sacrament.<br \/>\nThe respondent pleaded a case that he was not aware of the fact that the<br \/>\nappellant was pregnant at the time of marriage and as this fact was<br \/>\nconcealed by the appellant from him, it rendered the contract of marriage<br \/>\nas void. Both the courts below i.e. the lower appellate Court and the High<br \/>\nCourt believed the respondent on this aspect which led them to hold that<br \/>\nthe marriage was void and illegal. In our view, this is a basic fallacy in<br \/>\nthe judgment of the courts below. They accepted that respondent was not<br \/>\naware of pregnancy at the time of marriage. This resulted in the finding<br \/>\nthat the marriage was invalid. We are unable to accept this reasoning. It<br \/>\nis very difficult to believe-that a woman who is five months pregnant will<br \/>\nbe able to conceal the pregnancy from the husband. Such an advanced stage<br \/>\nof pregnancy cannot be concealed as the pregnancy starts showing by that<br \/>\ntime. In any case the pregnancy cannot be concealed from the husband. A<br \/>\nhusband will at least know for sure that the wife is pregnant specially<br \/>\nwhen the pregnancy is five months old. Therefore we cannot accept that the<br \/>\nrespondent did not know at the time of marriage that the appellant was<br \/>\nalready pregnant. If this fact was known to the respondent, the marriage<br \/>\ncannot be said to be illegal or void.\n<\/p>\n<p>Next we have to notice the conduct of the respondent at the relevant time.<br \/>\nHe goes through the marriage. He does not raise any objection even after<br \/>\nthe marriage. He is present at the time of delivery of the child.<br \/>\nPresumably he give his own name as the name of the father of the child for<br \/>\nthe official record. Even thereafter for nearly four years he goes along<br \/>\nwith the marriage and brings up the child while treating appellant as his<br \/>\nwife. The divorce is said to have been given on 2nd May, 1977. Any person<br \/>\nwho learns that his newly married wife is already pregnant for five months<br \/>\nand who does not accept that marriage or pregnancy, will not behave in the<br \/>\nmanner in which respondent did. If we believe the respondent that he did<br \/>\nnot know about the pregnancy of the appellant at the time of marriage, how<br \/>\ncan we accept his conduct after the marriage? If what respondent is saying<br \/>\nis true, a normal reasonable person would have immediately turned out the<br \/>\nwife from his house on coming to know of the fact of pregnancy. Nobody will<br \/>\ncontinue with such a marriage for four and half years, specially when a<br \/>\nchild is born just after four months of the marriage. Respondent says that<br \/>\nthe child is not his yet he gives his name to the child and continues to<br \/>\nbring up the child for nearly four years after she was born. When it comes<br \/>\nto the question of paying maintenance he says the marriage was invalid and<br \/>\nthe child is not his.\n<\/p>\n<p>Our attention has been invited to the case of Kulsumbi Kom Abdul Kadir v.<br \/>\nAbdul Kadir walad Saikh Ahmad, reported in ILR (1921) Vol. XLV Bom 151.<br \/>\nThis was also a case of marriage of a pregnant woman. Consummation of<br \/>\nmarriage was not in dispute. However, the husband turned out the wife on<br \/>\nher pregnancy coming to his knowledge. The wife sued for dower. It was held<br \/>\nthat concealment of pregnancy by the wife at the time of marriage did not<br \/>\nrender the marriage invalid, therefore, the husband was held to be liable<br \/>\nto pay dower. Thus in the facts of the present case we are unable to accept<br \/>\nthe view taken by the courts below that the fact of pregnancy was concealed<br \/>\nby the appellant from the respondent at the time of marriage and for that<br \/>\nreason the marriage of the parties was invalid and void, and, therefore,<br \/>\nthere was no liability on the part of the respondent-husband to pay<br \/>\nmaintenance to the appellant. The impugned judgment of the Addl. Sessions<br \/>\nJudge, Kozhikode as well as of the High Court of Kerala are based on a<br \/>\nfinding that pregnancy was concealed by the appellant from the husband<br \/>\nwhich rendered the marriage invalid and void. In our view, such a finding<br \/>\nis wholly unwarranted, incorrect and unacceptable. In the facts of the<br \/>\npresent case as discussed above, it has to be held that the respondent was<br \/>\nfully aware of the pregnancy of the appellant at the time of the marriage<br \/>\nand, therefore, he cannot be heard to say that the marriage was invalid or<br \/>\nvoid for that reason. The Addl. Sessions Judge had relied on a judgment of<br \/>\nthe Kerala High Court in the case of Abdullah v. Beepathu, reported in ILR<br \/>\n(1967) Vol.1 Kerala 361 wherein it was held that pregnancy of the bride at<br \/>\nthe time of marriage ipso facto invalidates marriage unless the bride<br \/>\nproves that this fact was within the knowledge of the bridegroom at the<br \/>\ntime of marriage. In our view, this decision in fact, supports the view<br \/>\ntaken by us in the present judgment. As per our finding the facts on record<br \/>\nshow that the husband was aware of the pregnancy of the wife at the time of<br \/>\nthe marriage. Therefore, as per this judgment such a marriage cannot be<br \/>\nsaid to be invalid.\n<\/p>\n<p>The appeal is allowed. The judgment of the Addl. Sessions Judge, Kozhikode<br \/>\nand that of the High Court of Kerala, are set aside and that of the<br \/>\nJudicial Magistrate, 1st Class, Quilandy dated 9th February, 1979 is<br \/>\nrestored. The appellant will be entitled to costs throughout. Liberty to<br \/>\nthe appellant to seek enhancement of the rate of maintenance in accordance<br \/>\nwith law.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India Amina vs Hassn Koya on 28 April, 2003 Bench: M.B. Shah, Arun Kumar CASE NO.: Appeal (crl.) 635 of 2003 PETITIONER: AMINA RESPONDENT: HASSN KOYA DATE OF JUDGMENT: 28\/04\/2003 BENCH: M.B. SHAH &amp; ARUN KUMAR JUDGMENT: JUDGMENT 2003(3) SCR 999 The Judgment of the Court was delivered by ARUN KUMAR, J. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-115400","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Amina vs Hassn Koya on 28 April, 2003 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/amina-vs-hassn-koya-on-28-april-2003\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Amina vs Hassn Koya on 28 April, 2003 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; 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