{"id":117408,"date":"1972-05-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1972-04-30T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/valdas-and-ors-vs-bai-jivi-and-ors-on-1-may-1972"},"modified":"2015-04-28T13:50:56","modified_gmt":"2015-04-28T08:20:56","slug":"valdas-and-ors-vs-bai-jivi-and-ors-on-1-may-1972","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/valdas-and-ors-vs-bai-jivi-and-ors-on-1-may-1972","title":{"rendered":"Valdas And Ors. vs Bai Jivi And Ors. on 1 May, 1972"},"content":{"rendered":"
Gujarat High Court<\/div>\n
Valdas And Ors. vs Bai Jivi And Ors. on 1 May, 1972<\/div>\n
Equivalent citations: AIR 1973 Guj 93<\/div>\n
Bench: A Dave<\/div>\n<\/p>\n
<\/pre>\n
JUDGMENT<\/p>\n
 1. This appeal is directed against the judgment and decree of the  learned District Judge, Mehasana allowing regular Civil Appeal No. 5 of 1965  and setting  aside the judgment and decree passed by the learned Civil Judge, Junior Division, Visnagar in Civil Suit No. 52 of 1962.\n<\/p>\n
 2.  The appellants in the instant case and  the original plaintiffs.  One Patel Virchand Madheva had   mortgaged the suit house to one Jota Punja, for Rs. 130\/- on Posh Sud 9 of Samvat year 1962.  On the death of Virchand, his daughter Bai Ugari inherited the properties of Virchand.  On 15-9-1916, Bai Ugai again mortgaged  the suit property with the  said mortgage Joita Punja for Rs. 400\/- wherein it was agreed that the mortgage would be redeemed after 99 years.  The present plaintiff are the heirs of Devakaran Jiva, husband of Bai Ugari.  They filed the suit for redemption of the mortgage stating that as redemption of the mortgage stating that as they were the debtors under the Bombay Agriculture Debtors Relief Act the debts stood extinguished on account of the failure of the creditor to file an application under this  said Act for adjustment of the  debt.  They, therefore, prayed for possession of the suit  property from the defendants.  the defendants filed written statement, at  Ex. 14.  They admitted that they were the heirs and legal representatives  of Patel Jota Punja.  They. however did not admit that Bai Ugai was the  wife of Devkaran, Jiva and that Valji Jiva the father of plaintiffs Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 and Sangha Jiva, father of defendant No. 5, were the brother  of Patal Devkaran Jiva.  They denied that the condition in the mortgage deed fixing the period of 99 years for redemption was a clog on the equity of redemption.  They denied that the plaintiff were the debtors within the Bombay Agriculture Debtors Relief Act and their debt was not exceeding Rupees 15,000\/- on 31-3-1950.  They stated that suit No. 97 of 1960  was filed by Amgalal Kakldas for redemption of their mortgage claming  himself  to be the heir of Bai Ugari wherein the present plaintiffs at their instance were joined as co-defendants.  The suit  was however with-drawn by Patel Ambala Kakldas with permission to institute a fresh suit on the same subject-matter and that therefore the present suit was not maintainable  as the present plaintiffs had not obtained the permission to institute the fresh suit on the  same  subject-matter  and that therefore the present suit was not maintainable as the present plaintiffs had not obtained the permission to institute the fresh suit on the same subject-matter.  On the pleasing of the parties, the learned trial  Judge framed several issues at Ex. 20.  He decided issues a Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 5 in  the affirmative and issues nos. 4, 6, and 7 in the negative.  he  held that the debt was not extinguished.  According to him the suit was not premature and that it was open to the plaintiff to file the suit for redemption .  He therefore, passed  a decree accordingly.  Against the said judgment and decree of the learned trial Judge, and appeal was preferred in the District Court, Mehsana and the learned District Judge set aside the judgment and decree of the trial Court  and dismissed the suit.  Against the said judgment and decree of the learned District Judge, the  original plaintiffs have  preferred the present appeal to this Court.\n<\/p>\n
 3.  Mr. M. B. Shah,  learned Advocate for the appellants submitted that in the suit case. the mortgage was for a period of 99 years.  Such a long period for redemption for the mortgage would amount to clog on the equity of redemption.  The plaintiffs could therefore ignore this condition and would be competent to file a suit for redemption.  He urged that the was provision in the mortgage document permitting the mortgagee to make construction and therefore if the mortgagee made some construction on the mortgaged property. it would be beyond the  means of mortgagor  to redeem the same and therefore, such a condition also would amount to a clog on the equity of redemption. Lastly, Mr. Shah urged that as the mortgagee had denied the title of the mortgagor in the suit property and had denied the existence of the mortgage deeds. it was open the  mortgagor to file  a suit for redemption prior  to the  expiration of the period mentioned in the mortgage deed.  He, therefore, urged that the learned District Judge was clearly in error in dismissing the suit on the ground that it was premature.\n<\/p>\n
 4.  Mr. N. V. Karlekar, learned Advocate for the respondents on the other hand urged that a period of 99 years for redemption of the mortgage cannot amount to a clog on the equity of redemption.  He stated that the was a provision in the mortgagee to make necessary repairs in order to maintain the property intact.  It did not give any discretion to the mortgagee to make any new construction in nay manner he liked.  He, therefore stated that the submissions made by the learned Advocate for the appellants that the  would be beyond  the means of the  mortgagor to  redeem the property if the mortgagee constructed a new house would not arise.  He admitted that in the trial Court,  the defendants  had  denied about the existence o f the mortgage.  However, in the district Court their Advocate had given up this contention  and the appeal was heard on the basis that there was a valid mortgage.  In order that there may not be any room for doubt, Mr. Karlekar has produced a writings singed by all the respondents (defendants) stating that the mortgage document executed on 15-9-1916 is binding on them and that it would be open to the appellants to redeem the mortgage on the expiration of the period of 99 years mentioned therein.\n<\/p>\n
 5.  In order to appreciate the submission made by Mr. Shah. it will be worth while to refer to the mortgage document Ex. 37. Ex. 37 is a certified copy of the mortgage document.  This mortgage was executed by Bai Ugari, wife of Patal Devokaran Jiva on 15-9-1916 by which she created a further mortgage over the property on payment of a further amount of Rs. 205\/- .  It is mentioned in this document that no interest will be charged on the mortgage amount and the mortgagor will not be  entitled to claim the land of  the house  which was mortgaged with possession to the mortgagee.  there was a further condition that  whatever expenses may have to be incurred towards the repairs of the house will be taken into account  at the time of the redemption  of the  mortgage that the period for redeeming the mortgage was fixed at 99 years and that it could  be redeemed only on the expiration of that period.  Thus, there is nothing in this document showing that it permitted the mortgagee to make any new construction he liked.  The submission made by Mr. Shah that if the mortgagee made any new construction, it would be beyond the means of the mortgagor to redeem the same, have, therefore not basis,  There is no  reasons for the mortgagor  to believe that the mortgagee would make a new construction over the mortgaged property  and that the mortgagor would be burdened with the expenses incurred by him towards the reconstruction of the property.  The only liberty given under the mortgage document  is to make necessary repairs for the presentation of the property.  It is will not be open  to the mortgagor to make the any grievance because such a right is given to the mortgagee under the Transfer of property Act itself.\n<\/p>\n
 Section  63-A (2) of the Act says:–\n<\/p>\n
  “Where any such improvement was effected at the cost of the mortgagee and was necessary to preserve the property form destruction or deterioration or was necessary to prevent the security  from  becoming insufficient, or was made in compliance with the  lawful order of any public servant or public authority the mortgagor shall, in the absence of a contract to the contrary. be liable  to pay the proper cost thereof  as an addition to the principal money with interest  at the same rate as is payable on the principal, or, who  on  such  rate is fixed, at the rate of nine per., per annum, and the profits, if any, accruing by reason of the improvement shall be credited to the mortgagor”.\n<\/p>\n
 Thus even if the no such condition had been incorporated in the mortgage document; by  virtue of the provisions of Section 63-A (2) of the Transfer of Property Act. the mortgagee would have been  entitled to recovery  any expenses in incurred by him for the preservation of the property.  It cannot therefor been said by any stretch of  imagination that the condition incorporate din the mortgage document pertaining to the expenses which may be incurred by the mortgagee for the preservation of the property, would amount to a clog on the equity of reception.  In my opinion therefore, the  submission made by Mr. Shah in  this connection are avoid of any merit.\n<\/p>\n
 6.  Mr. Shah next urged that the period of 99 years fixed in the mortgage documents for redemption of the property itself would  amount to a clog on the equity of redemption.  In support of the  say he referred to the  case of Vadilal Chhaganlal v. Gokaldas Mansukh, AIR 1953 Bom 408, wherein it was observed that:–\n<\/p>\n
  “In dealing with the question as to whether  a long terms for redemption  it is necessary to consider all the circumstances attending  the execution of the mortgage deed,.  The amount advanced under the mortgage, the nature of the security offered by the mortgagor the  circumstances in which the  mortgagor was compelled to secure the amount, the terms and conditions on which  the amount was in fact advanced, and the other alternatives to which the mortgagor would  have taken  recourse for obtaining the sum advanced would have to be considered before it is held that a particular terms of redemption amount to a clog because it is unreasonably long”.\n<\/p>\n
 In this case. the agreement between the mortgagor and mortgagee was that the  mortgagor was to redeem the mortgage 99 years after it execution and the mortgagee was given full authority to build any structure on the plot mortgaged after spending any amount he liked .  On these facts,. it was held that:\n<\/p>\n
  “………….. the two terms to the mortgage were so unreasonable and oppressive that they amounted  to a clog on the equity of redemption”.\n<\/p>\n
 In my opinion, even though this case particle helps the submission made by the learned Advocate for the appellants that very  long period permitting the mortgagor to redeem the property, may amount to a clog on the equity of redemption in certain causes in view of the  circumstances of  each case, but this is not authority on the  point that merely because the mortgage is fixed for 99 years  necessarily such a long period would amount to a clog on the equity of redemption.  In the  Bombay Case, the Court held that the long  period for 99 years coupled with the condition permitting the  mortgage to build any structure on the plot mortgaged after spending any amount he liked, would amount to a clog  on the quite of redemption.  Naturally, if the mortgage is permitted to construct a new building over the piece of the land mortgaged to him and spend any amount he liked in his discretion it will be beyond them  the  means of the mortgagor to redeem the property after making payment to the mortgagee not only of the mortgage amount but payment of the construction made by the mortgagee .  In the instant case, as already referred to earlier.  the only condition incorporated in the mortgage deed was for payment of repair charges which the mortgagee may be required to make for the preservation of the mortgaged property.  As already seen such a condition is in consonance with the provision of the act itself.  It cannot  therefore  be said  that this condition could in any way amount to a clog on the equity of  redemption.  This  condition could not be equate with the condition could not be equated with the condition  in the Bombay  case where the mortgagee was permitted to make a new construction in nay manner he liked and to spend any amount he liked.  Such a condition  was rightly held to be a clog on the equity of redemption by the Bombay High Court and with respect, I agree with the view taken therein. But the  in my opinion, mere long period foxed in the mortgage document for  redemption of the mortgaged property would not  amount to a clog on the equity  of redemption in the absence of other circumstances enumerated in the Bombay case.  I am supported in my view by the case the Ganga Dhar v. Shankar Lal AIR<\/a> 1958 SC 770 wherein it was observed that:–\n<\/p>\n
  “………………. in the circumstances the terms in the mortgage it will not be redeemable until the expiry of 85 years was not a clog on the equity of redemption.  The bearing was a reasonable one and the mortgagee had not taken nay unfair advantage of his position as the lender. Nor was the mortgagor under any financial embarrassment.  The  terms could therefore be enforced with the result that the suit was premature and must fail”.\n<\/p>\n
 It will thus be clear the merely because the mortgage document. Ex. 37 provided that the mortgage cannot be redeemed before the expiry of 99 years, such a condition cannot be said to be unreasonable and cannot amount to  a clog on the equity of redemption .  There is no the evidence showing that the mortgagee that  taken any unfair advantage of his position as a lender.  Mr. Shah has been  unable to show that merely because Bai Ugrui was a woman the mortgagee had taken an unfair advantage.  There is  nothing on record showing that  she was in financial embarrassment.  In  my view therefore a mere condition fixing the period  for redemption at 99 years cannot be said to be unreasonable and cannot amount to a clog on the equity of redemption.\n<\/p>\n
 7.  Mr. Shah then referred to the unreported decision of this Court in Second Appeal No. 978 of 1961 decided on 5-2-1969 (Guj) wherein Thakor, J. after considering both the Bombay High Court and the Supreme Court decisions, made the following observations:–\n<\/p>\n
  “The Court should not try to read the Judgment in spirit of revolt. but should try as far as  possible to appreciate the reasoning of the  judgment.  It  is undoubtedly true that the if a decision of  the Supreme Court is cited before  a Court which clearly weakens the authority of a decision. the Court should not hesitate to come to that  conclusion.  But in the present case  their Lordships of the Supreme Court have  used extremely cautions  language when they have laid down the  principle and that principle is  that the length of the terms which in that case was long enough being 85 years, it self  could not lead to the conclusion  that it was an oppressive term.  If the  Supreme Court had held that  such a terms could  in no event  be regard as oppressive terms then the  position  might have been different.  In the Bombay case, there were two terms.  One was a long terms of 99 years  and the other term was a different terms.  It is no  doubt true that in  the Bombay case their Lordship  also come  to  the conclusion  that the long  terms for redemption  conferred a collateral advantage which was  unfair to the mortgagor, but that is not  ratio of the decision.  In addition, their Lordship also came to the conclusion that there was another terms which also operated as a clog  on the equity  of redemption.  Having  discussed all  this position, their Lordship held  that the two terms o f the  mortgage were unreasonable and  oppressive and hence they amount to a clog  on the equity of redemption.  The position therefore, on the discussion  of the law  is that I have  come  to conclusion that the  terms in the mortgage is oppressive  to the mortgagor.  The second terms is clearly oppressive to the mortgagor and it undoubtedly  confers upon the  mortgagee an advantage to which , in equity, according to me, he was not legitimately entitled”.\n<\/p>\n
 8.  In my opinion this case is decide don its own facts.  In this case also, there was a condition authorities the mortgagee to make a new  construction of his  choice.  Taking this condition along with the long period of  99 years. it was  decided that they were unreasonable and oppressive and would  amount to a log on the equity of the  redemption.  In my view, this case does not  lay down any proposition of law  that  mere long period for redemption o of the mortgage prescribed in the mortgage document would itself amount  to a clog on the  equity of the redemption.  In the  light of the Supreme Court decision referred to above it cannot  be said  that mere long period prescribed in the mortgage document for redemption  of the  mortgage would amount to a clog on the  equity of redemption.  There is other condition in the  mortgage document which is oppressive or unreasonable.  I,  therefore, do not  agree with  the learned  trial Judge  that the  period of  99  years  would work hardship on the mortgagor and that  itself would amount to a clog on the equity of redemption.\n<\/p>\n
 9.  Mr. Shah next urged that in  the instant case the  defendants had denied that existence of the mortgage transaction.  In order words, the defendant had denied the title of the  mortgagors-plaintiff.  He, therefore, urged that in equity, the plaintiff should be permitted to redeem the mortgage before  the expiry  of the period  mentioned in the mortgage deed.  As already observed earlier, this question on longer remains open. Mr. Karlekar, learned Advocate for the respondents-defendants had already produced a writing singed by defendants Nos. 1, 2 and 3 stating  that they abide by the  mortgage  document and that the would  be open to the mortgagor to redeem the same on the expiry of  99 years.  Under  the circumstances, the question  of giving equitable relief to  the plaintiffs does not  arise.  Taking an  over-all picture of this case, I entirely agree with the learned District Judge that the suit filed by the  plaintiffs for redemption of the mortgage is premature.  The learned District Judge had, therefore, rightly dismissed the suit.\n<\/p>\n
 10.  In the  result, the appeal fails and is  dismissed with costs.\n<\/p>\n
11. Appeal dismissed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Gujarat High Court Valdas And Ors. vs Bai Jivi And Ors. on 1 May, 1972 Equivalent citations: AIR 1973 Guj 93 Bench: A Dave JUDGMENT 1. This appeal is directed against the judgment and decree of the learned District Judge, Mehasana allowing regular Civil Appeal No. 5 of 1965 and setting aside the judgment and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-117408","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gujarat-high-court","category-high-court"],"yoast_head":"\nValdas And Ors. vs Bai Jivi And Ors. on 1 May, 1972 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/valdas-and-ors-vs-bai-jivi-and-ors-on-1-may-1972\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Valdas And Ors. vs Bai Jivi And Ors. on 1 May, 1972 - 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