{"id":117798,"date":"1990-04-04T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1990-04-03T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/ram-bhagat-singh-and-anr-vs-state-of-haryana-and-anr-on-4-april-1990"},"modified":"2018-04-20T00:15:28","modified_gmt":"2018-04-19T18:45:28","slug":"ram-bhagat-singh-and-anr-vs-state-of-haryana-and-anr-on-4-april-1990","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/ram-bhagat-singh-and-anr-vs-state-of-haryana-and-anr-on-4-april-1990","title":{"rendered":"Ram Bhagat Singh And Anr vs State Of Haryana And Anr on 4 April, 1990"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Ram Bhagat Singh And Anr vs State Of Haryana And Anr on 4 April, 1990<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_citations\">Equivalent citations: 1990 SCR  (2) 329, \t  JT 1990 (2)\t114<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: S Mukharji<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: Mukharji, Sabyasachi (Cj)<\/div>\n<pre>           PETITIONER:\nRAM BHAGAT SINGH AND ANR.\n\n\tVs.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nSTATE OF HARYANA AND ANR.\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT04\/04\/1990\n\nBENCH:\nMUKHARJI, SABYASACHI (CJ)\nBENCH:\nMUKHARJI, SABYASACHI (CJ)\nSAIKIA, K.N. (J)\nRAMASWAMY, K.\n\nCITATION:\n 1990 SCR  (2) 329\t  JT 1990 (2)\t114\n 1990 SCALE  (1)716\n\n\nACT:\n    Punjab Civil Services (Judicial Branch) Rules, 1951\t (As\nadapted by Haryana State): Part C--Rule 8--Haryana  Judicial\nService Examination--Prescription of 55\t marks in  aggregate\nfor  qualifying-Whether\t results in denial  of\tequality  of\nopportunity  to\t scheduled castes\/ scheduled  tribes  candi-\ndates.\n    Constitution of India: Articles 14, 15, 16 &amp; 38--Haryana\nJudicial  Service  Examination--Fixation  of  55   marks  in\naggregate for qualifying-Whether results in denial of equal-\nity  of\t opportunity to\t scheduled  castes\/scheduled  tribes\ncandidates.\n\n\n\nHEADNOTE:\n    Rule  8  of the Punjab Civil Services  (Judicial  Branch\nRules,\t1951, as adapted by the State of Haryana, lays\tdown\nthat  no candidate shall be considered to have qualified  in\nthe examination unless he obtains at least 55% marks in\t the\naggregate of all papers, including the viva-voce test.\n    The\t petitioners  assailed\tthe said  provision  on\t the\nground that fixation of 55% marks has resulted in denial  of\nequality  of opportunity to the scheduled castes and  sched-\nuled  tribes  segments of the  community  vis-a-vis  general\ncandidates  for determining their suitability and\/or  eligi-\nbility for appointment in the judicial branch of the Haryana\nCivil  Services\t in the absence of lower  percentage  having\nbeen prescribed for them as in other States.\nDisposing of the writ petition and the appeal, the Court,\n    HELD:  1. Public services and public employment  do\t not\nexist  for providing jobs in terms of equality or  otherwise\nto  all.  Only public services and  public  employment\tmust\nserve public purpose and nothing that hampers or impairs the\nefficiency or efficacy of public services should be  permit-\nted in ensuring conditions of constitutional equality. These\nshould be done objectively, rationally and reasonably.\n329\n    2.\tScheduled  castes and scheduled tribes\tfor  reasons\nhistorical  or otherwise, are unequal with the general\tmem-\nbers  of the community in respect of ability and  qualifica-\ntion  for public employment. They are unable to\t compete  in\nterms of absolute equality with the members of other  commu-\nnities\tor  groups in the society. Hence, in order  to\tmake\nthem  compete on conditions of equality with others  in\t re-\nspect  of jobs and employments of the State certain  relaxa-\ntions  and other factors ensuring equality  are\t imperative.\nOur Constitution so enjoins it. Article 38 of the  Constitu-\ntion read with Article 14, 15 and 16 so mandates it.  [332D-\nE; C]\n    3.\tIn  the instant case, high  efficiency\tis  required\nbecause\t the recruitment is in the judicial branch, that  is\nto  say,  for prospective judicial officers who will  be  in\ncharge\tof administration of justice in the country. But  at\nthe same time, if possible, in order to ensure that there is\nequality of opportunity, a percentage should be fixed  which\nwithout,  in any way, compromising with the  efficiency\t re-\nquired\tfor  the job which will be  attainable\tby  backward\ncommunities, that is to say, scheduled castes and  scheduled\ntribes.\t Unless such a percentage is fixed on the  aforesaid\nbasis  and  a percentage is fixed  for\tqualification  which\nwould  normally be unattainable by the scheduled castes\t and\nscheduled tribes determined on an objective basis, it  would\nnot be possible to ensure equality of opportunity. [333D--F]\n    4.1\t The  Government  is directed to  make\ta  conscious\ndecision objectively before the next selections take  place,\nand determine a minimum percentage of marks consistent\twith\nefficiency and the need for ensuring equality of opportunity\nto scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. [334B]\n    4.2 The Government should also consider whether  further\nrelaxation  in age in favour of scheduled castes and  sched-\nuled  tribes can be made; and if so, to what extent  without\nhampering efficiency of the administration. This should also\nbe considered before the next selections for appointment  to\nthe post are made. [334C]\n\n\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>    CIVIL  ORIGINAL JURISDICTION: Writ Petition No. 1147  of<br \/>\n1988.\n<\/p>\n<p>(Under Article 32 of the Constitution of India)<br \/>\n\t\t      WITH<br \/>\nCivil Appeal No. 1782 of 1990.\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">330<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    From the Judgment and Order dated 5.6.1987 of the Punjab<br \/>\nand Haryana High Court in C.W.P. No. 13 13 of 1986<br \/>\n    R.\tVenkataramani, Mahabir Singh, M.S. Ganesh  and\tC.M.<br \/>\nNayar for the Appearing Parties.\n<\/p>\n<p>The Judgment of the Court was delivered by<br \/>\nSABYASACHI MUKHARJI, CJ. The petitioners are law  graduates.<br \/>\nThey  state that they belong to scheduled castes and  sched-<br \/>\nuled  tribes  segments of the community.  They\tare  seeking<br \/>\nenforcement  of the right to equality of opportunity in\t the<br \/>\nmatter of appointment to posts in the subordinate  judiciary<br \/>\nin  the State of Haryana. The State of Haryana has  reserved<br \/>\n20%  of\t the posts in the Haryana  Civil  Service  (Judicial<br \/>\nBranch) for the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. It is<br \/>\nthe case of petitioners that though 20% of the posts in\t the<br \/>\nHaryana\t Civil Service (Judicial Branch) have been  reserved<br \/>\nfor  scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, the strength  of<br \/>\nthe appointments made since 1969 onwards reveals that hardly<br \/>\n8%  of\tthe total posts i.e., 40 to 45% only  of  the  cadre<br \/>\nstrength  have\tbeen allotted to the  scheduled\t castes\t and<br \/>\nscheduled  tribes.  The petitioners contend  that  in  other<br \/>\nStates\tof  India different percentages of marks  have\tbeen<br \/>\nprescribed for scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and gener-<br \/>\nal  candidates\tfor  determining  their\t suitability  and\/or<br \/>\neligibility  for appointment. But in Haryana, they  contend,<br \/>\nminimum marks have been prescribed as 55% for all categories<br \/>\nof  candidates, namely, scheduled castes,  scheduled  tribes<br \/>\nand general candidates.\n<\/p>\n<p>    In\tthis connection, it may be appropriate to  refer  to<br \/>\nthe  fact  that under the Punjab  Civil\t Services  (Judicial<br \/>\nBranch)\t Rules\tframed in exercise of  powers  conferred  by<br \/>\nArticle 234 read with proviso to Article 309 of the  Consti-<br \/>\ntution\tof India, rules have been framed and are  prevalent.<br \/>\nPart &#8216;C&#8217; of the rules deals with the rules and\tinstructions<br \/>\nfor  the examination of the candidates for admission to\t the<br \/>\njudicial  branch of the Haryana Civil Service. Part  &#8216;C&#8217;  of<br \/>\nthe said rules was brought into force by the Haryana Adapta-<br \/>\ntion Laws (State and concurrent subjects) Order, 1968. Rules<br \/>\n7 and 8 of the said rules, inter alia, provides as follows:<br \/>\n&#8220;7.  No\t candidate shall be called for\tthe  viva-voce\ttest<br \/>\nunless he obtains at least 45% of marks in the aggregate  in<br \/>\nall the written papers and 33% marks in the language  paper,<br \/>\nHindi (in Devanagri script).\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">331<\/span><\/p>\n<p>8. No candidate shall be considered to have qualified in the<br \/>\nexamination unless he obtains at least 55 per cent marks  in<br \/>\nthe aggregate of all papers including the viva-voce test.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p>    It\tis the case of the petitioners that fixation of\t the<br \/>\n,standard  of marks which the petitioners describe  as\thigh<br \/>\nstandard,  has\tresulted  in denial of\topportunity  to\t the<br \/>\nscheduled  castes  and&#8217; scheduled tribes thus  amounting  to<br \/>\ndenial\tof  equality of opportunity in the jobs\t which,\t the<br \/>\npetitioners  contend, the State otherwise sought to  achieve<br \/>\nand  ought  to\tachieve in favour of  scheduled\t castes\t and<br \/>\nscheduled tribes.\n<\/p>\n<p>    We\tare  of\t the opinion that  equality  of\t opportunity<br \/>\nshould\tbe  striven for and ensured  in\t public\t employment.<br \/>\nSteps  should be taken to see where unequals are  competing,<br \/>\nconditions  must  be created by relaxation or  otherwise  so<br \/>\nthat  unequals compete in terms of equality with  others  in<br \/>\nrespect of jobs and employments of the State. Our  Constitu-<br \/>\ntion so enjoins it. Article 38 of the Constitution read with<br \/>\nArticles 14, 15 and 16 so mandates it. In order,  therefore,<br \/>\nto  give  those who are unequals, and it  is  accepted\tthat<br \/>\nscheduled castes and scheduled tribes for reasons historical<br \/>\nor  otherwise, are unequal with the general members  of\t the<br \/>\ncommunity in respect of ability and qualification for public<br \/>\nemployment. Hence, in order to make the unequals compete  on<br \/>\nconditions of equality certain relaxations and other factors<br \/>\nensuring  equality are imperative. Those groups or  segments<br \/>\nof  society  which are by reasons of  history  or  otherwise<br \/>\nunable\tto  compete in terms of absolute equality  with\t the<br \/>\nmembers\t of  other  communities or groups  in  the  society,<br \/>\nshould be ensured and assured chances of competing in  terms<br \/>\nof  equality. They must be helped to compete equally but  it<br \/>\nis  important to emphasise that equality of  opportunity  is<br \/>\nsought to be achieved for the public services or employment.<br \/>\nThe  efficacy  and efficiency of that service  is  of  prime<br \/>\nconsideration.&#8217;\t Equality must be there for all\t to  compete<br \/>\nfor the public services. Public services and public  employ-<br \/>\nment do not exist for providing jobs in terms of equality or<br \/>\notherwise to all. Only public services and public employment<br \/>\nmust  serve public purpose and nothing that hampers  or\t im-<br \/>\npairs  the efficiency or efficacy of public services  cannot<br \/>\nand  should not be permitted in ensuring conditions of\tcon-<br \/>\nstitutional  equality.\tThese should  be  done\tobjectively,<br \/>\nrationally and reasonably. As is often said, it may be\tthat<br \/>\nneed  to ensure equality for scheduled castes and  scheduled<br \/>\ntribes\tshould\tnot be surrendered on the facile  and  value<br \/>\nbased  perception  of  efficiency. Yet\tefficiency  must  be<br \/>\nensured. Real equality must be accorded.\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">332<\/span><\/p>\n<p>    As\tmentioned hereinbefore, the contention of the  peti-<br \/>\ntioners is that 55% marks in aggregate in all papers includ-<br \/>\ning  viva  voce test constitute rather a high  standard\t for<br \/>\nqualification and eligibility. They contend that for most of<br \/>\nthe  scheduled caste and scheduled tribe aspirants  for\t the<br \/>\njob  it\t is difficult to achieve that standard. It  is\tsaid<br \/>\nthat  in other parts of this vast land of ours the  standard<br \/>\nis  not as high as that. Sri Venkatramani, advocate for\t the<br \/>\npetitioners, contended that in other States on an  all-India<br \/>\nbasis  such a high standard of marks is not  envisaged.\t Sri<br \/>\nMahabir\t Singh, learned advocate appearing for the State  of<br \/>\nHaryana and Sri C.M. Nayar, learned advocate for the  Public<br \/>\nService Commission contend that it must be presumed that the<br \/>\nminimum\t percentage desirable for the purpose of  efficiency<br \/>\nhas  been prescribed. It was further submitted by Sri  Nayar<br \/>\nthat  in respect of candidates other than  scheduled  castes<br \/>\nand  scheduled tribes, normally those obtaining\t far  higher<br \/>\nthan  55% marks become eligible for consideration. That\t may<br \/>\nor may not be so but what is required is that we must ensure<br \/>\nefficiency in administration. We must, therefore, objective-<br \/>\nly, rationally and by a conscious process&#8211;conscious in\t the<br \/>\nsense by application of mind to the relevant factors  arrive<br \/>\nat  a percentage which should be considered to be a  minimum<br \/>\none in order to ensure the efficiency of the administration.<br \/>\nWe  are conscious that high efficiency is  required  because<br \/>\nthe  recruitment is in the judicial branch, that is to\tsay,<br \/>\nfor  prospective judicial officers who will be in charge  of<br \/>\nadministration\tof justice in the country. But at  the\tsame<br \/>\ntime, if possible, in order to ensure that there is equality<br \/>\nof opportunity, a percentage should be fixed which  without,<br \/>\nin  any way, compromising with the efficiency  required\t for<br \/>\nthe  job which will be attainable by  backward\tcommunities,<br \/>\nthat  is  to  say, scheduled castes  and  scheduled  tribes.<br \/>\nUnless such a percentage is fixed on the aforesaid basis and<br \/>\na percentage is fixed for qualification which would normally<br \/>\nbe unattainable by the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes<br \/>\ndetermined  on an objective basis, it would not be  possible<br \/>\nto ensure equality of opportunity. Both S\/Sri Mahabir  Singh<br \/>\nand  Nayar have urged that the minimum must be\tpresumed  to<br \/>\nhave  been  so fixed in the Haryana Service.  However,\tthat<br \/>\nfact  is  not  apparent and there is nothing  on  record  to<br \/>\nindicate  that this percentage was fixed deliberately on  an<br \/>\nanalysis  and careful examination and determination  on\t the<br \/>\nlines and the principles indicated above.\n<\/p>\n<p>    In\tthat  view  of the matter, in our  opinion,  in\t the<br \/>\ninterest  of justice and our constitutional mandates and  in<br \/>\nthe light of the efficiency of the services and with a\tview<br \/>\nto  create a sense of justice, it is necessary for the\tGov-<br \/>\nernment concerned to consider this question as<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">333<\/span><br \/>\nto what should be the minimum percentage of marks  necessary<br \/>\nfor  the administration. We direct that the Government\twill<br \/>\nmake a conscious decision objectively before the next selec-<br \/>\ntions  for the post in Haryana Judicial Service take  place,<br \/>\nand determine a minimum percentage of marks consistent\twith<br \/>\nefficiency and the need for ensuring equality of opportunity<br \/>\nto scheduled castes and scheduled tribes.\n<\/p>\n<p>    It was also contended by Sri Venkataramani that some  of<br \/>\nthe candidates belonging to the scheduled castes and  sched-<br \/>\nuled tribes have become overaged, therefore, the  Government<br \/>\nshould\talso consider whether further relaxation in  age  in<br \/>\nfavour of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes can be made;<br \/>\nand  if so, to what extent without hampering  efficiency  of<br \/>\nthe  administration. This should also be  considered  before<br \/>\nthe next selections for appointment to the post are made.<br \/>\n    In\tthe  aforesaid light, special leave  is\t granted  in<br \/>\ncivil appeal No. 15,000\/88 and the judgment and order of the<br \/>\nHigh  Court  of Punjab &amp; Haryana, dated 5th June,  1987\t are<br \/>\nmodified  to the extent indicated above. The  writ  petition<br \/>\nand  the  appeals are disposed of  accordingly\twithout\t any<br \/>\norder as to costs.\n<\/p>\n<pre>P.S.S.\t\t\t\t\t\t    Petition\ndisposed of.\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">334<\/span>\n\n\n\n<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India Ram Bhagat Singh And Anr vs State Of Haryana And Anr on 4 April, 1990 Equivalent citations: 1990 SCR (2) 329, JT 1990 (2) 114 Author: S Mukharji Bench: Mukharji, Sabyasachi (Cj) PETITIONER: RAM BHAGAT SINGH AND ANR. Vs. RESPONDENT: STATE OF HARYANA AND ANR. DATE OF JUDGMENT04\/04\/1990 BENCH: MUKHARJI, SABYASACHI [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-117798","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ram Bhagat Singh And Anr vs State Of Haryana And Anr on 4 April, 1990 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/ram-bhagat-singh-and-anr-vs-state-of-haryana-and-anr-on-4-april-1990\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ram Bhagat Singh And Anr vs State Of Haryana And Anr on 4 April, 1990 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; 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