{"id":120766,"date":"2009-06-15T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2009-06-14T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/t-o-abraham-vs-state-of-kerala-on-15-june-2009"},"modified":"2014-06-25T12:17:29","modified_gmt":"2014-06-25T06:47:29","slug":"t-o-abraham-vs-state-of-kerala-on-15-june-2009","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/t-o-abraham-vs-state-of-kerala-on-15-june-2009","title":{"rendered":"T.O.Abraham vs State Of Kerala on 15 June, 2009"},"content":{"rendered":"
Kerala High Court<\/div>\n
T.O.Abraham vs State Of Kerala on 15 June, 2009<\/div>\n
       \n\n  \n\n  \n\n \n \n  IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM\n\nCrl.Rev.Pet.No. 229 of 2009()\n\n\n1. T.O.ABRAHAM,S\/O LATE KURUVILA ONNOOTTAN,\n                      ...  Petitioner\n\n                        Vs\n\n\n\n1. STATE OF KERALA,REPRESENTED BY PUBLIC\n                       ...       Respondent\n\n                For Petitioner  :SRI.V.N.ACHUTHA KURUP (SR.)\n\n                For Respondent  :PUBLIC PROSECUTOR\n\nThe Hon'ble MR. Justice THOMAS P.JOSEPH\n\n Dated :15\/06\/2009\n\n O R D E R\n                              THOMAS P. JOSEPH, J.\n                             --------------------------------------\n                               Crl.R.P.No.229 of 2009\n                             --------------------------------------\n                      Dated this the 15th day of June, 2009.\n\n                                          ORDER\n<\/pre>\n
        This revision is in challenge of order dated 25.11.2008 in Crl.M.P.No.192<\/p>\n
of 2007 in C.C.No.15 of 2002 of court of learned Enquiry Commissioner and<\/p>\n
Special Judge, Thiruvananthapuram. Petitioner who is accused No.2 pleaded<\/p>\n
that he be discharged under Section 239 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (for<\/p>\n
short, “the Code”). That petition did not find favour with the learned Special<\/p>\n
Judge. Hence this revision.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        2.    I heard senior counsel for petitioner and Public Prosecutor who<\/p>\n
appeared for respondent. Accused No.1 was the Superintending Engineer of the<\/p>\n
Kallada project for the period from 6.7.1990 to 28.2.1991. Petitioner\/accused<\/p>\n
was the contractor for the work relating to K.I. & TCDP. Accused Nos.3 and 4<\/p>\n
are officers subordinate to accused No.1 in the Public Works Department. Case<\/p>\n
is that on the eve of retirement of accused No.1 on 28.1.1991, there was a<\/p>\n
criminal conspiracy between accused and petitioner to make unlawful gain by<\/p>\n
illegal means misusing certain clauses of LCB specifications. There was some<\/p>\n
sort of negotiation between petitioner and accused No.1 as to the rates on<\/p>\n
21.2.1991 regarding five items of work entrusted to the petitioner as per the<\/p>\n
agreement.     Following that, to facilitate payments not otherwise due to the<\/p>\n
petitioner, supplemental agreement was executed on 25.2.1991 ignoring that<\/p>\n
Crl.R.P.No.229\/2009<\/p>\n
                                         2<\/span><\/p>\n
petitioner was not eligible to get any such enhancement. Accordingly, wrongful<\/p>\n
gain was made by petitioner and accused Nos.1, 3 and 4 and consequent loss to<\/p>\n
the Government. Petitioner and accused Nos.1, 3 and 4 are therefore charged<\/p>\n
for offences punishable under Sections 13(1)(d) read with Section 13(2) of the<\/p>\n
Prevention of Corruption Act (for short, “the Act”) and Section 120B of the Indian<\/p>\n
Penal Code.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
       3.    Learned senior counsel submitted that there was nothing illegal in<\/p>\n
petitioner requesting for and accused No.1 sanctioning excess payment which<\/p>\n
were all done in accordance with the terms and conditions of the agreement<\/p>\n
between the parties. Learned counsel submitted that in respect of four items,<\/p>\n
petitioner had done excess work and in respect of one item he had done extra<\/p>\n
work. Accordingly he made application before accused No.1 for payment for<\/p>\n
such excess\/extra work. Request made by the petitioner was referred to the<\/p>\n
subordinate officers and appropriate reports were obtained by accused No.1<\/p>\n
before supplemental agreement was executed. Learned counsel contends that<\/p>\n
as per the prosecution case, conspiracy was made at three different levels,<\/p>\n
between petitioner and accused No.1, then between petitioner and accused<\/p>\n
Nos.1 and 3 and then again between petitioner and accused No.4. Further<\/p>\n
contention is that respondent has no case that petitioner had not done<\/p>\n
excess\/extra work. There is also no case that petitioner was compensated for<\/p>\n
the said excess\/extra work he did. According to the learned counsel, it is only for<\/p>\n
the reason that supplemental agreement was executed on the eve of retirement<\/p>\n
Crl.R.P.No.229\/2009<\/p>\n
                                         3<\/span><\/p>\n
of accused No.1 that case has been registered against the petitioner and<\/p>\n
others.   Therefore, learned counsel      contends that petitioner is entitled to<\/p>\n
discharge. Learned Public Prosecutor submitted that supplemental agreement<\/p>\n
was executed to facilitate extra\/excess payment which otherwise petitioner was<\/p>\n
not entitled or eligible. Learned Public Prosecutor also submitted that the excess<\/p>\n
work allegedly done by the petitioner was not really an excess work but it was a<\/p>\n
part of the agreement already entered into.       It is also submitted by Public<\/p>\n
Prosecutor that in respect of construction of flume canal with tie beam accused<\/p>\n
No.1 negotiated with petitioner on 27.2.1991, ie., just on the previous day of his<\/p>\n
superannuation and retirement and allowed a rate of Rs.11,750\/- for total<\/p>\n
quantity of 100 tones while        actually petitioner was eligible to get only<\/p>\n
Rs.7,500\/-. To facilitate that accused No.1 ignored the notes put up by his<\/p>\n
subordinates.    It is stated that in connection with th excess work petitioner<\/p>\n
allegedly did and which according to him enabled him to get excess payment,<\/p>\n
witness No.9 has stated that petitioner was bound to do that work even as per<\/p>\n
the original agreement. In that way a loss of Rs.7,01,380\/- was caused to the<\/p>\n
Government. The total loss thus caused to the Government is Rs.16,04,908.36.<\/p>\n
       4.       At this stage, what is required to be considered is only whether<\/p>\n
there is ground to presume that petitioner has committed the offence.           A<\/p>\n
discharge is possible only if the charge is groundless. It has been held time<\/p>\n
and again that for framing charge it is sufficient that strong suspicion regarding<\/p>\n
the commission of the offence is made out. Learned Special Judge referred to<\/p>\n
Crl.R.P.No.229\/2009<\/p>\n
                                        4<\/span><\/p>\n
the documents produced before him and stated that it was against the office<\/p>\n
notes put up by the subordinate officials that accused No.1 awarded payments<\/p>\n
for the alleged excess\/extra work. Learned     Special Judge has also stated that<\/p>\n
personal assistant to accused No.1 had        put up a note that the Executive<\/p>\n
Engineer has to be instructed to carry out the additional work through the present<\/p>\n
agency and the matter has to be reported to the Chief Engineer.            Further<\/p>\n
observation made by the learned Special Judge is that records produced before<\/p>\n
the court would reveal that for road crossing, bed width was increased and CC<\/p>\n
1:3:6 making up etc. were treated as extra items and accused No.1 passed such<\/p>\n
an order and directed petitioner to furnish the rates.      The same were not<\/p>\n
forwarded through the officials of the department but was seen directly given by<\/p>\n
petitioner to accused No.1 and accordingly dealt with. So far as execution of<\/p>\n
supplemental agreement is concerned, it is observed that in the negotiation<\/p>\n
statement, the estimate rate was not noted and it could not be found out as to<\/p>\n
how accused No.1 had fixed the rate and an excess payment of Rs.3,01,945\/-<\/p>\n
was allowed by accused No.1 in favour of petitioner. There are also facts and<\/p>\n
circumstances stated by learned Special Judge which according to the Special<\/p>\n
Judge was sufficient to frame charge against the petitioner. On going through<\/p>\n
the order under challenge and hearing learned senior counsel for petitioner and<\/p>\n
Prosecutor appearing for respondent I am not inclined to think the learned<\/p>\n
Special Judge was not correct in observing as to the availability of materials for<\/p>\n
framing charge against the petitioner. Ofcourse, the observations and findings<\/p>\n
made by learned Special Judge are only for the purpose of framing charge. I<\/p>\n
Crl.R.P.No.229\/2009<\/p>\n
                                       5<\/span><\/p>\n
do not find reason to interfere. However I make it clear that the observations<\/p>\n
and findings made by learned Special Judge will be limited for the purpose of<\/p>\n
framing charge against the petitioner.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      With the above observation, this revision is dismissed.<\/p>\n
      Crl.M.A.No.680 of 2009 will stand dismissed.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                                              THOMAS P.JOSEPH,
\n                                                       Judge.\n<\/p>\n
cks<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kerala High Court T.O.Abraham vs State Of Kerala on 15 June, 2009 IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM Crl.Rev.Pet.No. 229 of 2009() 1. T.O.ABRAHAM,S\/O LATE KURUVILA ONNOOTTAN, … Petitioner Vs 1. STATE OF KERALA,REPRESENTED BY PUBLIC … Respondent For Petitioner :SRI.V.N.ACHUTHA KURUP (SR.) For Respondent :PUBLIC PROSECUTOR The Hon’ble MR. Justice THOMAS P.JOSEPH […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-120766","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-high-court","category-kerala-high-court"],"yoast_head":"\nT.O.Abraham vs State Of Kerala on 15 June, 2009 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/t-o-abraham-vs-state-of-kerala-on-15-june-2009\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T.O.Abraham vs State Of Kerala on 15 June, 2009 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/t-o-abraham-vs-state-of-kerala-on-15-june-2009\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/LegalindiaCom\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2009-06-14T18:30:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2014-06-25T06:47:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/09\/legal-india-icon.jpg?fit=512%2C512&ssl=1\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"512\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"512\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Legal India Admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@legaliadmin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@Legal_india\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Legal India Admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/t-o-abraham-vs-state-of-kerala-on-15-june-2009#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/t-o-abraham-vs-state-of-kerala-on-15-june-2009\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Legal India Admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0bfdffe9059fb8bb24a86d094609c5ea\"},\"headline\":\"T.O.Abraham vs State Of Kerala on 15 June, 2009\",\"datePublished\":\"2009-06-14T18:30:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2014-06-25T06:47:29+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/t-o-abraham-vs-state-of-kerala-on-15-june-2009\"},\"wordCount\":1114,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"High Court\",\"Kerala High Court\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/t-o-abraham-vs-state-of-kerala-on-15-june-2009#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/t-o-abraham-vs-state-of-kerala-on-15-june-2009\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/t-o-abraham-vs-state-of-kerala-on-15-june-2009\",\"name\":\"T.O.Abraham vs State Of Kerala on 15 June, 2009 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2009-06-14T18:30:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2014-06-25T06:47:29+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/t-o-abraham-vs-state-of-kerala-on-15-june-2009#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/t-o-abraham-vs-state-of-kerala-on-15-june-2009\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/t-o-abraham-vs-state-of-kerala-on-15-june-2009#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"T.O.Abraham vs State Of Kerala on 15 June, 2009\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/\",\"name\":\"Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India\",\"description\":\"Search and read the latest judgements, orders, and rulings from the Supreme Court of India and all High Courts. A comprehensive database for lawyers, advocates, and law students.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"Free judgements of Supreme Court & High Court of India | Legal India\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India\",\"alternateName\":\"Legal India\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/5\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/legal-india-icon.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/5\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/legal-india-icon.jpg\",\"width\":512,\"height\":512,\"caption\":\"Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/LegalindiaCom\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/Legal_india\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0bfdffe9059fb8bb24a86d094609c5ea\",\"name\":\"Legal India Admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Legal India Admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/legaliadmin\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/author\\\/legal-india-admin\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"T.O.Abraham vs State Of Kerala on 15 June, 2009 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/t-o-abraham-vs-state-of-kerala-on-15-june-2009","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"T.O.Abraham vs State Of Kerala on 15 June, 2009 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India","og_url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/t-o-abraham-vs-state-of-kerala-on-15-june-2009","og_site_name":"Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/LegalindiaCom\/","article_published_time":"2009-06-14T18:30:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2014-06-25T06:47:29+00:00","og_image":[{"width":512,"height":512,"url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/09\/legal-india-icon.jpg?fit=512%2C512&ssl=1","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Legal India Admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@legaliadmin","twitter_site":"@Legal_india","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Legal India Admin","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/t-o-abraham-vs-state-of-kerala-on-15-june-2009#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/t-o-abraham-vs-state-of-kerala-on-15-june-2009"},"author":{"name":"Legal India Admin","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#\/schema\/person\/0bfdffe9059fb8bb24a86d094609c5ea"},"headline":"T.O.Abraham vs State Of Kerala on 15 June, 2009","datePublished":"2009-06-14T18:30:00+00:00","dateModified":"2014-06-25T06:47:29+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/t-o-abraham-vs-state-of-kerala-on-15-june-2009"},"wordCount":1114,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#organization"},"articleSection":["High Court","Kerala High Court"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/t-o-abraham-vs-state-of-kerala-on-15-june-2009#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/t-o-abraham-vs-state-of-kerala-on-15-june-2009","url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/t-o-abraham-vs-state-of-kerala-on-15-june-2009","name":"T.O.Abraham vs State Of Kerala on 15 June, 2009 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#website"},"datePublished":"2009-06-14T18:30:00+00:00","dateModified":"2014-06-25T06:47:29+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/t-o-abraham-vs-state-of-kerala-on-15-june-2009#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/t-o-abraham-vs-state-of-kerala-on-15-june-2009"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/t-o-abraham-vs-state-of-kerala-on-15-june-2009#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"T.O.Abraham vs State Of Kerala on 15 June, 2009"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/","name":"Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India","description":"Search and read the latest judgements, orders, and rulings from the Supreme Court of India and all High Courts. A comprehensive database for lawyers, advocates, and law students.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#organization"},"alternateName":"Free judgements of Supreme Court & High Court of India | Legal India","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#organization","name":"Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India","alternateName":"Legal India","url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/09\/legal-india-icon.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/09\/legal-india-icon.jpg","width":512,"height":512,"caption":"Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/LegalindiaCom\/","https:\/\/x.com\/Legal_india"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#\/schema\/person\/0bfdffe9059fb8bb24a86d094609c5ea","name":"Legal India Admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Legal India Admin"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.legalindia.com","https:\/\/x.com\/legaliadmin"],"url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/author\/legal-india-admin"}]}},"modified_by":null,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120766","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=120766"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120766\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=120766"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=120766"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=120766"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}