{"id":12122,"date":"1974-09-20T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1974-09-19T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/municipality-of-bhiwandi-and-vs-ms-kailash-sizing-works-on-20-september-1974"},"modified":"2017-08-27T19:39:54","modified_gmt":"2017-08-27T14:09:54","slug":"municipality-of-bhiwandi-and-vs-ms-kailash-sizing-works-on-20-september-1974","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/municipality-of-bhiwandi-and-vs-ms-kailash-sizing-works-on-20-september-1974","title":{"rendered":"Municipality Of Bhiwandi And &#8230; vs M\/S. Kailash Sizing Works on 20 September, 1974"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Municipality Of Bhiwandi And &#8230; vs M\/S. Kailash Sizing Works on 20 September, 1974<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_citations\">Equivalent citations: 1975 AIR  529, \t\t  1975 SCR  (2) 123<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: A Ray<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: Ray, A.N. (Cj)<\/div>\n<pre>           PETITIONER:\nMUNICIPALITY OF BHIWANDI AND NIZAMPUR\n\n\tVs.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nM\/S.  KAILASH SIZING WORKS\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT20\/09\/1974\n\nBENCH:\nRAY, A.N. (CJ)\nBENCH:\nRAY, A.N. (CJ)\nMATHEW, KUTTYIL KURIEN\nKRISHNAIYER, V.R.\n\nCITATION:\n 1975 AIR  529\t\t  1975 SCR  (2) 123\n 1974 SCC  (2) 596\n\n\nACT:\nBombay\tDistrict  Municipal  Act-S.  167-Scope\tof   General\nClauses Act--\"Done in good faith\" meaning of.\n\n\n\nHEADNOTE:\nThe respondent had a structure beside a nallah which carries\ndirty  water  and rain water to the creek.   The  Government\ndemolished  a  portion of the dam upstream as  a  result  of\nwhich the water stored in the lake was bound to pass through\nthe nallah to the creek.  The appellant had left  unfinished\nthe  work of laying cement slab across the nallah.   In\t the\nrainy\tseason\tthe  nallah  overflowed\t and   flooded\t the\nrespondent's property causing damage to it.  The  respondent\nalleged\t that on account of the negligence of the  appellant\nthe  water  course  was completely blocked  in\tthe  monsoon\nseason and resulted in the flooding of his premises.\nThe  High Court decreed the respondent's suit  for  damages.\nSection\t 167  of the Bombay District Municipal\tAct  confers\nprotection  on the Municipality in respect of anything\tdone\nin  good faith or intended to be done.\tThe General  Clauses\nAct and the Bombay General Clauses Act, 1904 define \"done in\ngood faith\" to mean done honestly, whether done\t negligently\nor not.\nOn  the question whether the Municipality could be  said  to\nhave acted honestly).  Dismissing the appeal,\nHELD  : An authority is not acting honestly where it  had  a\nsuspicion  that there was something wrong and did  not\tmake\nfurther\t enquiries.  Being aware of possible harm to  others\nand  acting  in\t spite\tthereof,  is  acting  with  reckless\ndisregard of consequences.  It is worse than negligence, for\nnegligent action is that the consequences of which, the\t law\npresumes to be present in the mind of the negligent  person.\nwhether actually it was there or not.  L125 G]\nThe  Central as well as Bombay General Clauses Act lay\tdown\nthat  negligence  does\tnot  necessarily  mean\tmala  fides.\nSomething more than negligence is necessary.  In the instant\ncase  the appellant was aware of the possible harm  and\t yet\ncared  to  do nothing about it.\t Its action  was,  therefore\nreckless  and  showed  its mala fides in  the  eye  of\tlaw.\nSection 167 of the Act did not protect it. [126 B]\nJones v. Gordon, 2 A.C. 616, referred to.\n\n\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>CIVIL  APPELLATE  JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal  No.  2154  of<br \/>\n1968.\n<\/p>\n<p>Appeal from the judgment and decree dated March 18, 1968  of<br \/>\nthe Bombay High Court in Appeal No. 102 of 1966.<br \/>\nNaunit Lal, for the appellant.\n<\/p>\n<p>V. M. Tarkunde and B. R. Agarwala, for the respondent.<br \/>\nThe Judgment of the Court was delivered by<br \/>\nRAY,  C.J.-This appeal is by certificate from  the  judgment<br \/>\ndated 18 March, 1968 of the High Court of Bombay.\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">124<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The   respondent  filed\t the  suit  against  the   appellant<br \/>\nMunicipality  for the recovery of Rs. 1,00,012\/- as  damages<br \/>\nsuffered  to the respondent&#8217;s property on account  of  flood<br \/>\ncaused\tby  acts  of gross negligence on  the  part  of\t the<br \/>\nappellant.  The High Court passed a decree in favour of\t the<br \/>\nrespondent for Rs. 54,560\/- with interest at 6% per annum.<br \/>\nThe respondent has a structure abutting on the Yacoob  Road.<br \/>\nThe  width  of Yacoob Road is about 12 feet.  On  the  other<br \/>\nside  of the road is an open nallah running parallel to\t the<br \/>\nroad.\tThe  nallah is about 45 feet in\t width,\t The  nallah<br \/>\nprovides for passage of dirty water, rain water to the creek<br \/>\nduring the months of November to May.\n<\/p>\n<p>The Government of Maharashtra demolished a portion of Varala<br \/>\nDam  in the month of May, 1963.\t In consequence\t the  &#8220;rater<br \/>\nstored\tin the lake was bound to pass through the nallah  to<br \/>\nthe  creek.   The  appellant commenced the  work  of  laying<br \/>\ncement\tslab across the nallah in about the second  week  of<br \/>\nJune,  1963.  The centering work to support and\t settle\t the<br \/>\nslab continued to remain in its position in the nallah\ttill<br \/>\nabout the first week of July, 1963.\n<\/p>\n<p>The allegations against the appellant were these<br \/>\nFirst,\tthe  appellant\tprepared a plan\t for  narrowing\t the<br \/>\nnallah in front of the respondent&#8217;s shop without making\t any<br \/>\nprovision for the passage of additional rain water from\t the<br \/>\nVarala lake catchment area.\n<\/p>\n<p>Second,\t the existence, of the centring work and the  cement<br \/>\nslab  across  the  nallah constituted  a  grave\t obstruction<br \/>\nagainst the passage of rain water through the nallah.<br \/>\nThird,\tthe appellant neglected and failed to see  that\t the<br \/>\npassage of the nallah was kept free and unobstructed by work<br \/>\nof  construction and debris for providing a safe passage  of<br \/>\nthe rain water which was likely to pass at the\tcommencement<br \/>\nof the monsoon season.\n<\/p>\n<p>Fourth,\t in the normal course of the monsoon  season,  there<br \/>\nwas heavy rain at Bhiwandi on the 5th, 6th and the 7th\tdays<br \/>\nof July, 1963.\tBecause of the existence of centring work in<br \/>\nthe  nallah,  the slab, wild shrubs and\t debris,  the  water<br \/>\ncourse\twas  completely\t blocked and the  rain\twater  which<br \/>\ncollected  in the catchment area beyond the dam and  in\t the<br \/>\nBbiwandi  and Nizampur accumulated at the mouth of the\tslab<br \/>\nwork  to dangerous heights.  This resulted in the  whole  of<br \/>\nThe area adjoining and surrounding the nallah being flooded.<br \/>\nThe High Court found these facts :\n<\/p>\n<p>The  appellant had knowledge in the month of April, 1963  of<br \/>\nthe  demolition of the Varala Dam above a height of  6\tfeet<br \/>\nabove  ground level.  The appellant completed the laying  of<br \/>\nthe  slab  between Teen Batti bridge  and  Habsanali  bridge<br \/>\nafter  April, 1963 with the knowledge of the  demolition  of<br \/>\nthe Varala Dam.\t The appellant narrowed<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">125<\/span><br \/>\nthe  water-way near Teen Batti bridge to an extent  that  it<br \/>\nwas  insufficient for discharge of water from the  increased<br \/>\ncatchment  area. because of the demolition.   The  appellant<br \/>\nwith  full knowledge of the consequences narrowed the  water<br \/>\npassage, put a slab on it and did not remove the centring at<br \/>\nLendi bridge.  The appellant allowed accumulation of garbage<br \/>\nand debris so as to obstruct the passage of&#8217; water.<br \/>\nThe further findings are these.\n<\/p>\n<p>The  nallah runs from south to north.  The water carried  by<br \/>\nit flows on to the creek at the northern end of the  nallah.<br \/>\nThere are five bridges over the nallah.\t The portion of\t the<br \/>\nnallah which lies between Habsanali bridge and Lendi  bridge<br \/>\nwas  covered with concrete slab in 1963.  Because  of  heavy<br \/>\nrain  on  the  4th,  5th and 6th  days\tof  July,  1963\t was<br \/>\naccumulated  at\t the southern end of  Habsanali\t bridge\t and<br \/>\nentered\t the surrounding area.\tWater was two feet  deep  in<br \/>\nthe  factory  of  the respondent.   This  state\t of  affairs<br \/>\ncontinued  for three days.  The narrowing of  the  water-way<br \/>\nand putting a slab on it at Habsanali bridge was  ill-timed.<br \/>\nThis  should  have been commenced after the Varala  Dam\t was<br \/>\nreconstructed.\tIf the appellant wanted to proceed with this<br \/>\nwork before the reconstruction of the Dam sufficient  water-<br \/>\nway  should have been provided for passage of water  from  a<br \/>\ncatchment area of 0.9 sq. miles providing for a rain fall of<br \/>\n3 inch per hour.  The centring work should have been removed<br \/>\nbefore the monsoon.  In any case no trees, bushes debris  or<br \/>\ngarbage\t should\t have been allowed to be  collected  at\t the<br \/>\ncentring  of the slab so as to obstruct the free passage  of<br \/>\nwater.\tThe retention of the centring, and the negligence in<br \/>\nnot  clearing the passage of debris was the principal  cause<br \/>\nof the flood.\n<\/p>\n<p>Section\t 167 of the Bombay District Municipal,\tAct  confers<br \/>\nprotection  on\tthe Municipality in respect of\tanything  in<br \/>\ngood  faith  done or intended to be  done.   The  expression<br \/>\n&#8220;done in good faith&#8221; has been defined in the Bombay  General<br \/>\nClauses\t Act, 1904 and in the General Clauses Act, to  mean,<br \/>\ndone  honestly,\t whether  done\tnegligently  or\t not.\t The<br \/>\nquestion,  therefore, is, whether the Municipality,, in\t the<br \/>\npresent case, can be said to have acted honestly.<br \/>\nIn  Jones  v.  Gordon(1)  Lord\tBlackburn  pointed  out\t the<br \/>\ndistinction  between the case of a person who  was  honestly<br \/>\nblundering  and&#8217; careless, and the case of a person who\t has<br \/>\nacted  not  honestly.  An authority is not  acting  honestly<br \/>\nwhere an authority has a suspicion, that there is  something<br \/>\nwrong  and does not make further enquiries.  Being aware  of<br \/>\npossible  harm\tto others, and acting in spite\tthereof,  is<br \/>\nacting with reckless disregard of consequences.\t It is worse<br \/>\nthan,\tnegligence,  for  negligent  action  is\t that,\t the<br \/>\nconsequences of which, the law presumes to be present in the<br \/>\nmind of the negligent person, whether actually it was  there<br \/>\nor  not.  This legal presumption is drawn through  the\twell<br \/>\nknown  hypothetical reasonable man.  Reckless  disregard  of<br \/>\nconsequences  and mala fides stand-equal, where the  actual-<br \/>\nstate of mind of the actor is relevant.\t This is &#8216;so in\t the<br \/>\neye of law..,<br \/>\n(1)  2 A. C. 616.\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">126<\/span><\/p>\n<p>even  if  there might be variations in the degree  of  moral<br \/>\nreproach deserved by recklessness and mala fides.<br \/>\nThe Bombay, as also, the Central, General Clauses Acts, help<br \/>\nonly  in  so far as they lay down that negligence  does\t not<br \/>\nnecessarily mean mala fides.  Something more than negligence<br \/>\nis necessary.  But these Acts say &#8220;honestly&#8221; and so, for the<br \/>\ninterpretation\tof  that word, we have explained  the  legal<br \/>\nmeanings above.\n<\/p>\n<p>In  the\t facts of this case we hold that the  defendant\t was<br \/>\naware of possible harm and yet cared to do nothing about it.<br \/>\nThe  action was, therefore, reckless, and therefore  in\t the<br \/>\neye of law mala fide, and there fore unprotected by  section<br \/>\n167 of the Act.\n<\/p>\n<p>For  these reasons the appeal fails and is  dismissed.\t The<br \/>\nappellant will pay costs.\n<\/p>\n<p>Appeal dismissed.\n<\/p>\n<p>P.B.R.\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">127<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India Municipality Of Bhiwandi And &#8230; vs M\/S. Kailash Sizing Works on 20 September, 1974 Equivalent citations: 1975 AIR 529, 1975 SCR (2) 123 Author: A Ray Bench: Ray, A.N. (Cj) PETITIONER: MUNICIPALITY OF BHIWANDI AND NIZAMPUR Vs. RESPONDENT: M\/S. KAILASH SIZING WORKS DATE OF JUDGMENT20\/09\/1974 BENCH: RAY, A.N. (CJ) BENCH: RAY, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12122","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Municipality Of Bhiwandi And ... vs M\/S. 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