{"id":126915,"date":"2001-10-16T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2001-10-15T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/r-c-tamrakar-and-anr-vs-nidi-lekha-on-16-october-2001"},"modified":"2016-02-01T08:02:46","modified_gmt":"2016-02-01T02:32:46","slug":"r-c-tamrakar-and-anr-vs-nidi-lekha-on-16-october-2001","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/r-c-tamrakar-and-anr-vs-nidi-lekha-on-16-october-2001","title":{"rendered":"R.C. Tamrakar And Anr vs Nidi Lekha on 16 October, 2001"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">R.C. Tamrakar And Anr vs Nidi Lekha on 16 October, 2001<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: Syed Shah Quadri, S.N. Phukan<\/div>\n<pre>           CASE NO.:\nAppeal (civil)  2784 of 1997\n\nPETITIONER:\nR.C. TAMRAKAR AND ANR.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nNIDI LEKHA\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT: 16\/10\/2001\n\nBENCH:\nSYED SHAH MOHAMMED QUADRI &amp; S.N. PHUKAN\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>JUDGMENT<\/p>\n<p>2001 Supp(4) SCR 192<\/p>\n<p>The Judgment of the Court was delivered by<\/p>\n<p>PHUKAN, J. This appeal by special leave arises from the judgment of the<br \/>\nHigh Court of Madhya Pradesh at Jabalpur dated 30th January, 1997 passed in<br \/>\nSecond Appeal No. 291 of 1993. The appeal is by the tenant.\n<\/p>\n<p>Pacts of the case are as follows :\n<\/p>\n<p>The sole respondent-landlady filed a suit for ejectment and recovery of<br \/>\narrears of rent and damages against the appellant-tenant. The grounds for<br \/>\nejectment were bona fide  requirement for accommodation, non-payment of<br \/>\nrent from 3.5.1985 to 31.7.1986 and also for renovation and alteration of<br \/>\nthe suit premise, as it was in the dilapidated condition. The tenant denied<br \/>\nthe title of the landlady and that he was in the arrears of rent. The<br \/>\ntenant also denied that the suit premises was required for bona fide<br \/>\naccommodation of the respondent and for renovation and alteration. The suit<br \/>\nwas decreed by the Additional Civil Judge. Chhindawara, but the decree was<br \/>\nset aside by the First Appellate Court. The second appeal was carried to<br \/>\nthe High Court and by the impugned judg-ment the High Court allowed the<br \/>\nappeal and restored the judgment of the Trial Court. That is how the<br \/>\nparties are before us.\n<\/p>\n<p>We have heard Mr. Shiv Sagar Tiwari, learned counsel for the appellant-<br \/>\ntenant and Mr. K.M.K. Nair learned counsel for the respondent-landlady.\n<\/p>\n<p>From the judgment of the Trial Court, we find that the tenant admitted in<br \/>\nhis evidence the fact of taking the suit premises on rent on also accepted<br \/>\nthe respondent as his landlord. On these facts the Trial Court held that<br \/>\nthere was relationship of landlord and tenant between the parties. This<br \/>\nfinding has not been disturbed by the First Appellate Court and the High<br \/>\nCourt. Regarding default in payment of rent it was averred that the tenant<br \/>\nwas in arrears of rent from May 3, 1985 to 31st of July, 1986 amounting to<br \/>\nRs. 1493 and the rent was Rs. 100 per month. The Trial Court from the<br \/>\nevidence of the tenant and his son held that, as they could not say who<br \/>\npaid the rent and for how many months, the tenant was in arrears of rent<br \/>\namounting to Rs. 1493. The First Appellate Court on the ground that the<br \/>\ntenant deposited rent in the Appellate Court, held that he could not be<br \/>\ntreated defaulter of rent.\n<\/p>\n<p>Under clause (a) of sub-section (1) of Section 12 of M.P. Accommodation<br \/>\nControl Act, 1961 (for short &#8216;the Act&#8217;), if a tenant has neither paid nor<br \/>\ntendered the whole of the arrears of rent legally recoverable from him<br \/>\nwithin two months from date on which notice of demand for arrears of rent<br \/>\nhas been served on him by the landlord, eviction can be ordered.<br \/>\nAdmittedly, the tenant did not pay the arrears of rent after receipt of the<br \/>\nnotice.\n<\/p>\n<p>Sub-sections (1) and (5) of Section 13 of the Act which are relevant for<br \/>\nour purpose and are quoted below :\n<\/p>\n<p>&#8221; 13( 1). On a suit or any other proceeding being instituted by a landlord<br \/>\non any of the grounds referred to in Section 12 or in any appeal or any<br \/>\nother proceeding by a tenant against any decree or order for his eviction,<br \/>\nthe tenant shall, within one month of the service of writ of summons or<br \/>\nnotice of appeal or of any other proceeding, or within one. month of<br \/>\ninstitution of appeal or any other proceeding by the tenant, as the case<br \/>\nmay be, or within such further time as the court may on an application made<br \/>\nto it allow in this behalf, deposit in the court or pay to the landlord, an<br \/>\namount calculated at the rate of rent at which it was paid for the period<br \/>\nfor which the tenant may have made default including the period subsequent<br \/>\nthereto up to the end of the month. Previous to that in which the deposit<br \/>\nor payment is made; and shall thereafter continue to deposit or pay, month<br \/>\nby month by the 15th of each succeeding month a sum equivalent to the rent<br \/>\nat that rate till the decision of the suit appeal or proceedings as the<br \/>\ncase may be.\n<\/p>\n<p>13(5). It&#8221; a tenant makes deposit or payment as required to sub-section<br \/>\n(1), or sub-section (2) no decree or order shall be made by the Court for<br \/>\nthe recovery of possession of the accommodation on the ground of default in<br \/>\nthe payment of rent by the tenant, but the Court may allow such cost as it<br \/>\nmay deem fit to the landlord.&#8221; Reading both the sub-sections together, we<br \/>\nare of the opinion that the benefit of sub-section (5) shall be available<br \/>\nto a tenant provided he tenders the arrears of rent or deposit it in the<br \/>\ncourt within one month of service of writ of notice or notice of appeal or<br \/>\nany other proceeding or within one month of the institution of the appeal<br \/>\nor any other proceeding by the tenant or within such further time as the<br \/>\ncourt may on an application made to it allow in this behalf. In the case in<br \/>\nhand the tenant did not deposit the arrears of rent either prior to filing<br \/>\nof the suit or during its pendency before the Trial Court. In the First<br \/>\nAppellate Court rent was deposited and it was not clear whether he<br \/>\ncontinued to deposit the rent as per sub-section (1) of Section 13. The<br \/>\nFirst Appellate Court set aside the findings of defaulter on the ground<br \/>\nthat the rent was deposited in the Appellate Court. The High Court was of<br \/>\nopinion that after the Trial Court passed the decree holding that the<br \/>\ntenant was in the arrears of rent, mere depositing the amount without<br \/>\nfiling an application for extension of time for payment of all the arrears<br \/>\nof rent due, the finding of the Appellate Court that tenant was not a<br \/>\ndefaulter is not sustainable. The High Court further recorded that the<br \/>\nFirst Appellate Court did not give any finding that entire amount of<br \/>\narrears of rent was paid. This finding of the High Court cannot be faulted<br \/>\nin view of clear provision of sub-section (1) of Section 13 and, there-<br \/>\nfore, tenant is not entitled to get protection under sub-section (5).\n<\/p>\n<p>Regarding bona fide requirement of the landlady, the Trial Court after<br \/>\nappreciation of the evidence on record held that premises in question was<br \/>\nrequired by the landlady for bona fide occupation for residential purpose<br \/>\nfor herself. The First Appellate Court set aside the finding on the ground<br \/>\nthat need of the landlady was not bona fide as her son has constructed a<br \/>\nhouse where she could stay. Though the tenant left the suit premises on his<br \/>\ntransfer to a place called Sivani where he has been provided accommodation<br \/>\nby his employer, where he is living with his wife and he has also a house<br \/>\nat Sivani, the First Appellate Court erroneously took into consideration<br \/>\nthat the suit premises is required for accommodation of his ailing<br \/>\ngrandmother and his son, who is doing business in the suit premises. These<br \/>\nare absolutely extraneous considera-tion as while considering the bona fide<br \/>\nneed of the landlord under the Act, the court need not take into<br \/>\nconsideration these facts.\n<\/p>\n<p>Law is well settled that it is for the landlord to decide how and in what<br \/>\nmanner he should live and that he is the best judge of his residential<br \/>\nrequire-ment. In deciding the question of the bona fide requirement, it is<br \/>\nunnecessary to make an endeavour as to how else landlord could have<br \/>\nadjusted himself. Though the son of the landlady is doctor and has<br \/>\nconstructed his own house, the landlady wants to stay in the suit premises.<br \/>\nIt is not the case of the tenant that landlady has any other suitable<br \/>\naccommodation. Therefore, the High Court rightly set aside the finding of<br \/>\nthe First Appellate Court holding that landlady could not be compelled to<br \/>\nreside with her son as her case was that she wanted to stay by herself in<br \/>\nthe suit premises because of her health condition and the climatic<br \/>\ncondition of that place suits her.\n<\/p>\n<p>As the landlady has been able to make out a case for eviction under the<br \/>\nAct, the tenant is liable to be evicted.\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">LA. No. 4<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The Presiding Officer for the First Appellate Court viz., 3rd Additional<br \/>\nDistrict Judge, Chhindawara, Sivani, Jabalpur who allowed the appeal of the<br \/>\ntenant has filed the present application for expunging the remarks made<br \/>\nagainst him in the impugned judgment by the High Court.\n<\/p>\n<p>Time and again this Court had deprecated the practice of passing unsa-voury<br \/>\nremarks against subordinate judicial officers by High Courts but unfor-<br \/>\ntunately the direction of this Court has not percolated down to High<br \/>\nCourts.\n<\/p>\n<p>As far as back in the year 1963 in <a href=\"\/doc\/345238\/\">Ishwari Prasad Mishra v. Mohd. Isa,<\/a><br \/>\n[1963] 3 SCR 722, this Court speaking through Gajendragadker, J. (as he<br \/>\nthen was) in the context of dealing with strictures passed by the High<br \/>\nCourt against one of its subordinate judicial officers stressed the need to<br \/>\nadopt utmost judicial restraint against using strong language and<br \/>\nimputation of corrupt motives against lower judiciary because the Judge<br \/>\nagainst whom imputations are made has no remedy in law to vindicate his<br \/>\nposition. In K.P. Tiwari v. State of M.P., [1994] Supp. 1 SCC 540, this<br \/>\nCourt made the following observations in this context :\n<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The higher courts every day come across orders of the lower courts which<br \/>\nare not justified either in law or in fact and modify them or set them<br \/>\naside. That is one of the functions of the superior courts. Our legal<br \/>\nsystem acknowledges the fallibility of the Judges and hence provides for<br \/>\nappeals and revisions. A Judge tries to discharge his duties to the best of<br \/>\nhis capacity. While doing so, sometimes, he is likely to err&#8230;&#8230;.it has<br \/>\nalso to be remembered that the lower judicial officers mostly work under a<br \/>\ncharged atmosphere and are constantly under a psychological pressure with<br \/>\nall the contestants and their lawyers almost breathing down their necks &#8211;<br \/>\nmore correctly up to their nostrils They do not have the benefit of a<br \/>\ndetached atmosphere of the higher courts to think coolly and decide<br \/>\npatiently. Every error, however, gross it may look, should not, therefore,<br \/>\nbe attributed to improper motive.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p>We also extract below the observation of this Court in <a href=\"\/doc\/704989\/\">Braj Kishore Thakur<br \/>\nv. Union of India and Ors.,<\/a> [1997] 4 SCC 65.\n<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Judicial restraint is a virtue. A virtue which shall be concomitant of<br \/>\nevery judicial disposition. It is an attribute of a Judge which he is<br \/>\nobliged to keep refurbished from time to time, particularly while dealing<br \/>\nwith matter before him whether in exercise of appellate or revisional or<br \/>\nother supervisory jurisdiction. Higher courts must remind themselves<br \/>\nconstantly that higher tiers are provided in the judicial hierarchy to set<br \/>\nright errors which could possibly have crept in the findings or orders of<br \/>\ncourts at the lower tiers. Such powers are certainly not for belching<br \/>\ndiatribe at judicial personages in lower cadre. It is well to remember the<br \/>\nwords of a jurist that &#8220;a Judge who has not committed any error is yet to<br \/>\nbe born.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p>No greater damage can be caused to the administration of justice and to the<br \/>\nconfidence of people in judicial institutions when Judges of higher courts<br \/>\npublicly express lack of faith in the subordinate Judges. It has been said,<br \/>\ntime and again, that respect for judiciary is not in hands by using<br \/>\nintemperate language and by casting aspersions against lower judiciary. It<br \/>\nis well to remember that a judicial officer against whom aspersions are<br \/>\nmade in the judgment could not appear before the higher court to defend his<br \/>\norder. Judges of higher court must, therefore, exercise greater judicial<br \/>\nrestraint and adopt greater care when they are tempted to employ strong<br \/>\nterms against the lower judiciary.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p>The High Courts should always remember while exercising the control over<br \/>\nthe courts subordinate thereto that &#8216;the strength of power is not displayed<br \/>\nsolely in cracking a whip on errors, mistakes or failures; the power should<br \/>\nbe so wielded as to have propensity to prevent and to ensure exclusion of<br \/>\nrepeti-tion if committed once innocently or unwittingly&#8230;&#8230;..The power to<br \/>\ncontrol is<\/p>\n<p>not to be exercised solely by wielding a teacher&#8217;s cane&#8217;. (Paragraph 15 of<br \/>\n&#8216;K&#8217; A Judicial Officer [2001] 3 SCC 54). In view of what has been said<br \/>\nrepeatedly by this Court regarding passing of adverse remarks against<br \/>\nsubordinate judicial officers by the High Court, we expunge remarks made<br \/>\nagainst the applicant by the High Court in the impunged judgment as these<br \/>\nwere uncalled for. It is unfortunate that the concerned judicial officer<br \/>\nhad to approach the highest court of land spending considerable time and<br \/>\nmoney. If any adverse entry has been recorded in the confidential report of<br \/>\nthe officer, it shall be deleted and treated as washed off from the record.<br \/>\nThe application is allowed:\n<\/p>\n<p>In the result we find merit in the present appeal and accordingly it is<br \/>\nallowed. Cost on the parties.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India R.C. Tamrakar And Anr vs Nidi Lekha on 16 October, 2001 Bench: Syed Shah Quadri, S.N. Phukan CASE NO.: Appeal (civil) 2784 of 1997 PETITIONER: R.C. TAMRAKAR AND ANR. RESPONDENT: NIDI LEKHA DATE OF JUDGMENT: 16\/10\/2001 BENCH: SYED SHAH MOHAMMED QUADRI &amp; S.N. PHUKAN JUDGMENT: JUDGMENT 2001 Supp(4) SCR 192 The [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-126915","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>R.C. 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