{"id":127730,"date":"1959-10-06T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1959-10-05T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/bibhuti-bhusan-chatterjee-vs-the-state-of-bihar-on-6-october-1959"},"modified":"2018-10-22T21:02:29","modified_gmt":"2018-10-22T15:32:29","slug":"bibhuti-bhusan-chatterjee-vs-the-state-of-bihar-on-6-october-1959","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/bibhuti-bhusan-chatterjee-vs-the-state-of-bihar-on-6-october-1959","title":{"rendered":"Bibhuti Bhusan Chatterjee vs The State Of Bihar on 6 October, 1959"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Bibhuti Bhusan Chatterjee vs The State Of Bihar on 6 October, 1959<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_citations\">Equivalent citations: AIR 1960 SC 128, 1960 CriLJ 171, 1960 1 SCR 935<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: Gajendragadkar<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: K S Rao, P Gajendragadkar<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<pre><\/pre>\n<p>JUDGMENT<\/p>\n<p>Gajendragadkar, J.<\/p>\n<p>1. This appeal by certificate granted by the High Court at Patna, raises a<br \/>\nshort question about the construction of Art. 9 in Sch. I of Court Fees Act VII<br \/>\nof 1870 (hereinafter called the Act). A proceeding was instituted against the<br \/>\nappellant, Bibhuti Bhusan Chatterjee, under s. 107 of the Code of Criminal<br \/>\nProcedure in the Court of the Magistrate of First Class at Bhagalpur; in this<br \/>\nproceeding the learned magistrate directed the appellant to execute a bond of<br \/>\nRs. 5,000 with two sureties of the like amount each to keep the peace for a<br \/>\nperiod of one year. The appellant challenged this order by his appeal before<br \/>\nthe Additional Session Judge at Bhagalpur. The appellate judge agreed with the<br \/>\ndecision of the learned magistrate and the appeal preferred by the appellant<br \/>\nwas dismissed. The appellant then took this matter before the High Court at<br \/>\nPatna by his Criminal Revision Application No. 924 of 1957. It appears that the<br \/>\ncertified copies of the orders passed by the two courts below in the present<br \/>\nproceedings had been filed by the appellant along with his revisional<br \/>\napplication without any court fees. The appellant was then called upon to pay<br \/>\ncourt fee of the value of Rs. 52.75 and Rs. 50.75 nP. on the two order<br \/>\nrespectively. The appellant questioned the validity of this order, and so his<br \/>\nrevisional application was placed before the High Court for the decision of the<br \/>\nquestion as to whether the two certified copies were chargeable with the<br \/>\npayment of court fees as directed by the stamp reporter. The High Court took<br \/>\nthe view that the report made by the stamp reporter was consistent with the<br \/>\npractice which the High Court had followed in this matter and the said practice<br \/>\nwas fully justified by the provisions of Art 9. In the result the contention<br \/>\nraised by the appellant that no stamp need be affixed to the two orders was<br \/>\nrejected and he was directed to affix the necessary stamps within two weeks<br \/>\nfrom the date of the order. The appellant then applied for an obtained a<br \/>\ncertificate from the High Court under Art. 134(1)(c) of the Constitution that<br \/>\nthe appellant&#8217;s case was fit for appeal to this Court. It is with this<br \/>\ncertificate that the appellant has come to this Court; and on his behalf it has<br \/>\nbeen urged by Mr. P. K. Chatterjee that the view taken by the Patna High Court<br \/>\nis inconsistent with the true construction of Art. 9. We have been told that<br \/>\nthis appeal is being fought as a test case in order to test the validity of the<br \/>\nrelevant practice prevailing in the Patna High Court.\n<\/p>\n<p>2. Mr. Chatterjee contends that in construing Art. 9 it would be relevant to<br \/>\nbear in mind the policy which Legislature has deliberately adopted in enacting<br \/>\nthe material provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure dealing with the<br \/>\nquestion of supplying to the accused persons requisite copies under the Code,<br \/>\nSection 173(4) of the Code requires that before the commencement of the enquiry<br \/>\nor trial the officer in charge of the police station furnish or cause to be<br \/>\nfurnished to the accused free of cost any copy of the report forwarded under<br \/>\nsub-s. (1) and of the First Information Report recorded under s. 154 and all<br \/>\nother documents or relevant extracts thereof on which the prosecution proposes<br \/>\nto rely. Section 207A, sub-s. (3) requires that the magistrate shall satisfy<br \/>\nhimself when the accused appears or is brought before him that the requirements<br \/>\nof s. 173(4) have been duly complied with. Under s. 210, sub-s. (2), as soon as<br \/>\nthe charge is framed against the accused it shall be read and explained to him<br \/>\nand a copy thereof shall, if he so requires, be given to him free of cost.<br \/>\nSection 251A, sub-s. (1), requires that if s. 173(4) has not been complied<br \/>\nwith, the magistrate shall require that the documents in question shall be<br \/>\nfurnished to the accused free of charge. Similarly s. 317(1) provides that on<br \/>\nan application of the accused a copy of the judgment shall in any case, other<br \/>\nthan a summons case, be given free of cost; and the proviso to s. 548<br \/>\nauthorises the court to furnish to the accused a copy of the judge&#8217;s charge to<br \/>\nthe jury or of any order or deposition or other part of the record free of cost<br \/>\nif the court is satisfied that there is some special reason to do so. The<br \/>\nargument is that the policy of Legislature is to supply to the accused person<br \/>\nrelevant documents free of charge and it would be inconsistent with this policy<br \/>\nto require him to pay court fees on the certified copies of criminal orders and<br \/>\njudgments under Art. 9.\n<\/p>\n<p>3. It is also urged that the provisions of the Court Fees Act should be<br \/>\nstrictly construed in favour of the litigant and no document should be held<br \/>\nchargeable with court fees unless it is clearly proved that it falls within the<br \/>\nmischief of the relevant provisions of the Act. In other words, the appellant&#8217;s<br \/>\ncase is that we should adopt a liberal construction of Art. 9 in dealing with<br \/>\nhis present contention. We are not impressed by either of the two arguments.\n<\/p>\n<p>4. Whatever may be the policy on which the relevant provisions of the Code<br \/>\nof Criminal Procedure are based any consideration based on the said policy<br \/>\nwould not be of any assistance in construing the provisions of the Act. Section<br \/>\n4 of the Act provides that no document of any of the kinds specified in the<br \/>\nFirst or Second Schedule to the Act annexed, as chargeable with fees, shall be<br \/>\nfiled, exhibited or recorded, or shall be received or furnished, in any court<br \/>\nunless in respect of such document there be paid a fee of an amount prescribed<br \/>\nby the relevant provisions of the Act. It is thus obvious that every document<br \/>\nwhich falls within the purview of s. 4 must bear the court fee prescribed by<br \/>\nthe relevant provision; and so the question as to whether a particular document<br \/>\nfalls within s. 4 and as such must pay the court fees prescribed for it must be<br \/>\ndecided solely by reference to the relevant provisions of the Act. In the<br \/>\nconstruction of the said provisions any hypothetical considerations about the<br \/>\npolicy of the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure would hardly be of<br \/>\nany assistance.\n<\/p>\n<p>5. Similarly it would be idle to rely on the principle of liberal<br \/>\nconstruction of Art. 9 unless it is shown that the said article is capable of<br \/>\ntwo construction. If the words used in Art. 9 are reasonably capable of the<br \/>\nconstruction for which the appellant contends it may be open to him to urge<br \/>\nthat the alternative construction which makes the document subject to the<br \/>\ncharge of the court fees should not be accepted; but, if the words used in the<br \/>\narticle are reasonably capable of only one construction, the doctrine of<br \/>\nliberal construction would be wholly out of place. Whether or not the effect of<br \/>\nArt. 9 is equitable, fair or just would be irrelevant if the meaning of the<br \/>\narticle is plain and clear. As Lord Blackburn observed in Coltness Iron Company<br \/>\nv. Black [(1880-81) 6 A.C. 315, 330], in dealing with the question of<br \/>\nconstruing a taxing provision &#8220;when the intention is sufficiently shown it<br \/>\nis, I think, vain to speculate on what would be the fairest and most equitable<br \/>\nmode of levying the tax.&#8221; It is, therefore, necessary to turn to Art. 9<br \/>\nand decide what it means on a fair and reasonable construction.\n<\/p>\n<p>6. Article 6 of Sch. I deals with the payment of court fees for a copy or<br \/>\ntranslation of a judgment or order not being or having the force of a decree<br \/>\nwhereas Art. 7 deals with the copy of a decree. It is obvious that the orders<br \/>\nwith which we are concerned in the present appeal do not fall under either Art.<br \/>\n6 or Art. 7. Art. 9 reads thus :-\n<\/p>\n<p> &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;\n<\/p>\n<p>            Number                                       Proper Fee.\n<\/p>\n<p> &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;\n<\/p>\n<p> 9. Copy of any revenue or    For every three hundred   Eight annas.\n<\/p>\n<pre>     judicial proceeding or      and sixty words or \n\n\n \n\n     order not otherwise         fraction of three \n\n\n \n\n     provided for by this Act,   hundred and sixty words. \n\n\n \n\n     or copy of any account, \n\n\n \n\n     statement, report or the \n\n\n \n\n     like, taken out of any \n\n\n \n\n     Civil or Criminal or \n\n\n \n\n     Revenue Court or Office, \n\n\n \n\n     or from the office of \n\n\n \n\n     any chief officer charged \n\n\n \n\n     with the executive \n\n\n \n\n     administration of a Division. \n\n\n \n\n<\/pre>\n<p> &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;\n<\/p>\n<p>7. It is clear that a copy of a statement or report or the like taken out of<br \/>\na criminal court is expressly provided for by the latter part of Art. 9; and so<br \/>\nit would be impossible to accept the argument that proceedings in criminal<br \/>\ncourts are wholly outside the purview of the relevant articles of Sch. I. If a<br \/>\ncopy of a statement made in a criminal court is filed it must bear the court<br \/>\nfees prescribed by Art. 9; this position is not disputed. It cannot also be<br \/>\ndisputed that the proceeding in a criminal court is a judicial proceeding.<br \/>\nSection 4, sub-s. (m), of the Code of Criminal Procedure defines a judicial<br \/>\nproceeding as including any proceeding in the course of which evidence is, or<br \/>\nmay be, legally taken on oath. Thus there can be no doubt that an order passed<br \/>\nin a criminal proceeding is an order passed in a judicial proceeding, and it is<br \/>\ncommon ground that orders like those in the present appeal are not otherwise<br \/>\nprovided for by the Act. It is not contended before us that the judgments<br \/>\ndelivered by the courts below in proceedings taken under s. 107 of the Code are<br \/>\nnot orders, or do not constitute a part of the judicial proceeding. So, if a<br \/>\ncopy of an order or judgment delivered in a criminal proceeding is intended to<br \/>\nbe filed before the High Court it clearly attracts the provisions of Art. 9.<br \/>\nThe words used in Art. 9 are clear and unambiguous, and in our opinion, on a<br \/>\nfair and reasonable construction, they lead only to one conclusion and that is<br \/>\nthat the copies of the criminal judgments or orders must bear the court fee<br \/>\nstamp prescribed by Art. 9. That is the view taken by the High Court<br \/>\nconsistently with the practice prevailing in the High Court for several years.<br \/>\nWe are satisfied that the view of the High Court and the practice prevailing<br \/>\nthere are wholly justified by the provisions of Art. 9. This question was<br \/>\nraised before the Travancore-Cochin High Court in James Paul Alexander v. James<br \/>\nArthur Edwards [I.L.R. 1953 T.C. 69], where the same view has been taken about<br \/>\nthe construction of the corresponding article, Art. 10, of the Court Fees Act.\n<\/p>\n<p>8. We may add that there is some force in the contention raised by the<br \/>\nappellant that the court fee prescribed by Art. 9 may sometimes work hardship<br \/>\non accused persons; but that is a matter of policy with which we are not<br \/>\nconcerned. The Legislature may, however, consider whether it would not be<br \/>\nappropriate to enact a suitable provision dealing with copies of criminal<br \/>\norders and judgments as has been done in Madras. The Madras Legislature has<br \/>\ninserted Art. 6-A in Sch. I of the Act by Act V of 1922, prescribing a uniform<br \/>\ncourt fee of 8 as. for the copy or translation of a judgment or order of a<br \/>\ncriminal court.\n<\/p>\n<p>9. In the result the appeal fails and is dismissed.\n<\/p>\n<p>10. Appeal dismissed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India Bibhuti Bhusan Chatterjee vs The State Of Bihar on 6 October, 1959 Equivalent citations: AIR 1960 SC 128, 1960 CriLJ 171, 1960 1 SCR 935 Author: Gajendragadkar Bench: K S Rao, P Gajendragadkar JUDGMENT Gajendragadkar, J. 1. This appeal by certificate granted by the High Court at Patna, raises a short [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-127730","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bibhuti Bhusan Chatterjee vs The State Of Bihar on 6 October, 1959 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/bibhuti-bhusan-chatterjee-vs-the-state-of-bihar-on-6-october-1959\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bibhuti Bhusan Chatterjee vs The State Of Bihar on 6 October, 1959 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; 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