{"id":129167,"date":"1980-02-21T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1980-02-20T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/babu-rao-patel-vs-state-of-delhi-on-21-february-1980"},"modified":"2018-01-29T07:00:59","modified_gmt":"2018-01-29T01:30:59","slug":"babu-rao-patel-vs-state-of-delhi-on-21-february-1980","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/babu-rao-patel-vs-state-of-delhi-on-21-february-1980","title":{"rendered":"Babu Rao Patel vs State Of Delhi on 21 February, 1980"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Babu Rao Patel vs State Of Delhi on 21 February, 1980<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_citations\">Equivalent citations: 1980 AIR  763, \t\t  1980 SCR  (2)1082<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: O C Reddy<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: Reddy, O. Chinnappa (J)<\/div>\n<pre>           PETITIONER:\nBABU RAO PATEL\n\n\tVs.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nSTATE OF DELHI\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT21\/02\/1980\n\nBENCH:\nREDDY, O. CHINNAPPA (J)\nBENCH:\nREDDY, O. CHINNAPPA (J)\nSARKARIA, RANJIT SINGH\n\nCITATION:\n 1980 AIR  763\t\t  1980 SCR  (2)1082\n 1980 SCC  (2) 402\n\n\nACT:\n     Penal Code, Section 153A(1), Scope of-Whether political\nthesis or  historical truth  so presented be said to promote\nfeelings of  enmity, hatred  or ill-will  between  different\nreligious  groups  or  communities  so\tas  to\tattract\t the\nprovisions of Section 153A of the Code.\n\n\n\nHEADNOTE:\n     Dismissing the appeals, by special leave the Court,\n^\n     HELD: Section  153A(1) is not confined to the promotion\nof feelings  of enmity etc. on grounds of religion only, but\ntakes in promotion of such feelings on other grounds as well\nsuch as\t race, place of birth, residence, language, caste or\ncommunity. [1083G]\n     In the  instance case:  Both the  articles\t do  promote\nfeelings of  enmity, hatred  and ill-will  between the Hindu\nand Muslim communities. [1086C]\n\t  (i)|The first article \"A tale of two Communalisms\"\nis not\teven thinly  veiled as\ta political thesis; it is an\nundisguised attempt  to promote\t feelings of  enmity, hatred\nand ill-will  between the  Hindu and the Muslim communities.\nIt is  designed to  fan the sparks of ill-will and hatred on\nground of  community. The  reference to\t the alleged  Muslim\ntradition of rape, loot, violence and murder and the alleged\nterror struck  into  the  hearts  of  Hindu  minority  in  a\nneighbouring country  by periodical killings, in the context\nof his\tthesis that  communalism  is  the  instrument  of  a\nmilitant minority can lead to no other inference. [1084E-F]\n\t  (ii)|The second  article  'Lingering\tdisgrace  of\nhistory' goes further and is calculated to rouse feelings of\nenmity, hatred\tand ill-will  between Muslims and Hindus. It\nwas wrong to present the Moghuls as the ancestors of today's\nMuslims and  to willify the Muslims as the proud discendants\nof the \"foul\" Moghuls. [1084G, 1086A, B, C]\n     Feelings  of   enmity,  hatred   or  ill-will   between\ndifferent religious groups or communities cannot be promoted\nin the\tguise  of  political  thesis  of  historical  truth.\n[1086C]\n\n\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>     CRIMINAL APPELLATE\t JURISDICTION: Criminal\t Appeal Nos.<br \/>\n237-238 of 1974.\n<\/p>\n<p>     Appeal by\tspecial leave  from the\t Judgment and  Order<br \/>\ndated 14-8-1973\t of the\t Delhi High  Court in  Crl. Revision<br \/>\nNos. 146 and 153 of 1971.\n<\/p>\n<p>     A. K.  Sen, Gobind\t Das, A. N. Karkhanis, Sridharan and<br \/>\nMrs. S. Bhandare for the Appellant.\n<\/p>\n<p>     H. S. Marwah and M. N. Shroff for the Respondent.\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">1083<\/span><\/p>\n<p>     The Judgment of the Court was delivered by<br \/>\n     CHINNAPPA REDDY,  J. Can political thesis or historical<br \/>\ntruth be  so presented\tas to  promote feelings\t of  enmity,<br \/>\nhatred or  ill-will between  different religious  groups  or<br \/>\ncommunities, is\t the question  which we\t are called  upon to<br \/>\nanswer in  these two  criminal appeals. The appellant in the<br \/>\ntwo criminal appeals is the editor, publisher and printer of<br \/>\na monthly  magazine going  by the  name &#8216;Mother\t India&#8217;.  He<br \/>\nwrote two  articles  under  the\t captions  &#8220;A  tale  of\t two<br \/>\ncommunalisms&#8221;  and   &#8220;Lingering\t disgrace  of  history&#8221;.  On<br \/>\ncomplaints filed  by the  Superintendent of  Police,  Delhi,<br \/>\nunder section  153-A  of  the  Indian  Penal  Code,  he\t was<br \/>\nconvicted in  respect of  each of these articles in separate<br \/>\ncases  and   sentenced\tin   each  case\t  to  suffer  simple<br \/>\nimprisonment for  a period  of four months and to pay a fine<br \/>\nof Rs.\t1000\/- by  the Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate,<br \/>\nDelhi.\tOn   appeal  the   learned  Sessions  Judge,  Delhi,<br \/>\nconfirmed the  conviction in  both the cases but reduced the<br \/>\nsentence of  fine to  Rs.  500\/-  in  each  case.  This\t was<br \/>\nconfirmed by  the High\tCourt. The  appellant has  preferred<br \/>\nthese appeals by Special Leave of this Court.\n<\/p>\n<p>     Shri A.  K. Sen,  learned\tcounsel\t for  the  appellant<br \/>\nsubmitted that if the articles were read as a whole it would<br \/>\nbe patent  that the article &#8220;A tale of two communalisms&#8221; was<br \/>\nno more\t than a\t political thesis  and\tthe  second  article<br \/>\n&#8220;Lingering disgrace  of history&#8221;  was no more than a protest<br \/>\nbased on  historical truths  against the  naming of roads in<br \/>\nDelhi after  Moghul  emperors.\tHe  contended  that  neither<br \/>\narticle contained any attack on any religion and, therefore,<br \/>\nthere was no question of promoting and attempting to promote<br \/>\nfeelings of  enmity, hatred  or ill-will  between  different<br \/>\nreligious groups  on grounds  or religion.  The\t convictions<br \/>\nunder section 153-A were, therefore, wrong, he submitted.\n<\/p>\n<p>     Section  153-A(1)\t(a)  provides,\t&#8220;whoever  by  words,<br \/>\neither\tspoken\tor  written,  or  by  signs  or\t by  visible<br \/>\nrepresentations\t or  otherwise,\t promotes,  or\tattempts  to<br \/>\npromote, on  grounds of\t religion,  race,  place  of  birth,<br \/>\nresidence, language,  caste or community or any other ground<br \/>\nwhatsoever, disharmony\tor feelings  of enmity,\t hatred,  or<br \/>\nill-will between  different religious,\tracial\tlanguage  or<br \/>\nregional groups\t or castes  or communities shall be punished<br \/>\nwith imprisonment  which may  extend to three years, or with<br \/>\nfine, or  with both&#8221;. It is seen that s. 153A(1). (a) is not<br \/>\nconfined to  the promotion  of feelings\t of enmity  etc.  on<br \/>\ngrounds of  religion only as argued by Shri Sen but takes in<br \/>\npromotion of  such feelings on other grounds as well such as<br \/>\nrace,  place   of  birth,   residence,\tlanguage,  caste  or<br \/>\ncommunity. In  the present  case we  have  to  consider\t the<br \/>\nquestion whether  the two  articles promote  on\t grounds  of<br \/>\nreligion or  community, feelings  of enmity,  hatred or ill-<br \/>\nwill between different religious groups or communities.\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">1084<\/span><\/p>\n<p>     The first\tof the articles &#8220;A tale of two communalisms&#8221;<br \/>\ndoes begin  as a  sort of political thesis. According to the<br \/>\nauthor\t&#8220;communalism   is   an\t instrument   of   political<br \/>\nminorities&#8221;. His  thesis is  that militant minorities thrive<br \/>\non communalism.\t If he wanted to develop his thesis on those<br \/>\nlines no-one  could object.  But,  he  referred\t to  Muslims<br \/>\ngenerally as  &#8220;a basically  violent race&#8221; and went on to say<br \/>\n&#8220;communalism is, therefore, an instrument of a minority with<br \/>\na racial  tradition of rape, loot, violence and murder as is<br \/>\nfound in  India\t with  a  Muslim  population  of  12.7%.  In<br \/>\nPakistan the  Hindu minority  is 6.6% but because its racial<br \/>\ntradition is  different it  does  not  indulge\tin  communal<br \/>\nriots&#8230;.  Three   essentials  are   necessary\tfor  violent<br \/>\ncommunalism. The  community must be a minority, the minority<br \/>\nmust be\t sizable and  the minority  must have a tradition of<br \/>\nmurder and violence&#8230; We find these three essentials in the<br \/>\nMuslim community  of India&#8221;.  He then  stated in the article<br \/>\nthat in\t Pakistan and  particularly  in\t East  Bengal  peace<br \/>\nloving and terror struck Hindu minority was being eliminated<br \/>\nby periodical  killing and  conversions\t on  a\tmass  scale.<br \/>\n&#8220;Young Hindu  males  were  compelled  to  undergo  vasectomy<br \/>\noperations, young  and pretty Hindu girls became the victims<br \/>\nof Islamic  beds of lust&#8221;. It is then said &#8220;It is not in the<br \/>\nnature and  religion of\t the Hindu of India to be intolerant<br \/>\nand blood-thirsty like the followers of Islam&#8221;. According to<br \/>\nhim the\t only answer  to the  problem of  communalism was to<br \/>\ndeclare India  a Hindu State. In our opinion there cannot be<br \/>\nthe slightest  doubt that  the article\tis not\teven  thinly<br \/>\nveiled as  a political\tthesis; it is an undisguised attempt<br \/>\nto promote  feelings of\t enmity, hatred and ill-will between<br \/>\nthe Hindu  and the Muslim communities. It is designed to fan<br \/>\nthe sparks  of ill-will\t and hatred  on ground of community.<br \/>\nThe reference to the alleged Muslim tradition of rape, loot,<br \/>\nviolence and  murder and  the alleged terror struck into the<br \/>\nhearts of  Hindu  minority  in\ta  neighbouring\t country  by<br \/>\nperiodical killings,  in the  context  of  his\tthesis\tthat<br \/>\ncommunalism is\tthe instrument\tof a  militant minority\t can<br \/>\nlead to no other inference.\n<\/p>\n<p>     The second\t article &#8216;Lingering  disgrace of history&#8217; is<br \/>\nsaid to be a protest against the naming of Delhi roads after<br \/>\nthe Moghul emperors who according to the author were lustful<br \/>\nperverts, rapists  and murderers.  According to\t the learned<br \/>\ncounsel the  attack was\t directed against  the Moghul rulers<br \/>\nand not\t against the Muslims of India. It was also said that<br \/>\nall the\t statements in\tthe  article  about  the  lusts\t and<br \/>\nperversions of\tthe  Moghul  rulers  were  plain  historical<br \/>\ntruths. On  a full  reading of\tthe article  it reveals much<br \/>\nmore than  a protest against naming Delhi roads after Moghul<br \/>\nrapists and perverts. At one place it is said &#8220;From Mohammed<br \/>\nIbn Qasim, who landed in India in June<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">1085<\/span><br \/>\n712 A.D.  with\t6000  Muslim  cut-throats,  to\tMohomed\t Ali<br \/>\nJinnah, who  cut this ancient cradle of a peace-loving human<br \/>\nrace into  three bleeding  bits in August, 1947, we have had<br \/>\n1235 years  of bloodstained  history in\t which our  life has<br \/>\nbeen constantly\t punctuated by\tendless raids,\trapes, loot,<br \/>\narson and  slaughter. In  all these  years Hindus have given<br \/>\nmillions of  men, women and children as hostages to Islam to<br \/>\nbuy some  peace and  preserve their  own religion.  They are<br \/>\nstill doing  so. God  alone knows  how long  this process of<br \/>\npaying and  appeasing Muslims will go on but it cannot go on<br \/>\nfor long  if the  family planning  designs  of\tthe  present<br \/>\nsecular government  succeed. Because  then pretty soon there<br \/>\nwould be no Hindu left to pay.\n<\/p>\n<p>     &#8220;It is  difficult to  predict the future of the ancient<br \/>\nHindu race.  It has  no future\tat all\tin Pakistan  where a<br \/>\nsubtle and  systematic genocide\t of the\t 10  million  Hindus<br \/>\nthere has  now been  undertaken at  State level by enforcing<br \/>\nvasectomy operations on Hindu males and tubectomies on Hindu<br \/>\nfemales, and  by raping\t women and converting young children<br \/>\nto Islam.\n<\/p>\n<p>     &#8220;But as  long as  the Hindu  race lasts and survives in<br \/>\nIndia its  only cradle and grave in the whole world, it will<br \/>\nbe worthwhile  setting before its children the ideals of its<br \/>\nnumerous  Hindu\t heroes\t and  nation  builders\trather\tthan<br \/>\nreminding them constantly of these Moghul brutes and tyrants<br \/>\nwho burnt  Hindu homes,\t ravished Hindu mothers and sisters,<br \/>\nslaughtered  Hindu   men  and  harassed\t and  kidnapped\t and<br \/>\nconverted Hindu children&#8221;.\n<\/p>\n<p>     After referring  to various  perversities and tyrannies<br \/>\nof the\tMoghul rulers  ending with  Aurangzeb, he  said: &#8220;To<br \/>\nhave a\tstreet named after this Mughal bastard in New Delhi,<br \/>\nthe capital  of India,\tis not only a disgrace to the Hindus<br \/>\nbut a crying insult to the brave community of Sikhs. Had the<br \/>\nMuslims been  insulted thus,  they would not only have burnt<br \/>\nevery house  on the road named after the tyrant but also set<br \/>\nfire to the whole damned city. The Muslims know how to guard<br \/>\ntheir traditions&#8221;. He expressed the opinion that some of the<br \/>\nancient relics\tthat reminded  Hindus  of  their  shame\t and<br \/>\ndisgrace made  Muslims proud  of the  foul  deeds  of  their<br \/>\nancestors. He made an appeal that a beginning should be made<br \/>\nto wipe\t out &#8216;our  thousand year  old shame&#8217; by changing the<br \/>\n&#8220;Muslim names  of roads&#8221;  which &#8216;remind\t us of\tthe  inhuman<br \/>\natrocities committed on our men, women and children&#8217;. If the<br \/>\nMoghuls raped,\tlooted, killed and sinned, the author&#8217;s view<br \/>\nappears to  be that  they did  so as  &#8220;Muslim sadists&#8221;.\t The<br \/>\nauthor goes  so far as to say that today&#8217;s Muslims are proud<br \/>\nof the\tfoul deeds  of &#8220;their  ancestors&#8221;, the Moghuls being<br \/>\nconsidered by the author as the progenitors<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">1086<\/span><br \/>\nof the present day Indian Muslims. There is no question that<br \/>\nthe article  is calculated  to\trouse  feelings\t of  enmity,<br \/>\nhatred and ill-will between Muslims and Hindus.\n<\/p>\n<p>     Whether communalism  is the weapon of an aggressive and<br \/>\nmilitant minority as suggested by the accused or the &#8220;shield<br \/>\nof  a\tnervous\t and   fearful\tminority&#8221;,  the\t problem  of<br \/>\ncommunalism is\tnot solved by castigating the members of the<br \/>\nminority community  as intolerant  and blood  thirsty and  a<br \/>\ncommunity with\ta tradition  of\t rape,\tloot,  violence\t and<br \/>\nmurder. Whether\t the Moghuls  were rapists  and murderers or<br \/>\nnot and\t whether the  Delhi roads should be named after them<br \/>\nor not\tit was wrong to present the Moghuls as the ancestors<br \/>\nof today&#8217;s  Muslims and\t to villify the Muslims as the proud<br \/>\ndescendants of\tthe &#8220;foul&#8221;  Moghuls. We\t are convinced\tthat<br \/>\nboth the  articles do promote feelings of enmity, hatred and<br \/>\nill-will between the Hindu and Muslim communities on grounds<br \/>\nof community  and this\tcannot\tbe  done  in  the  guise  of<br \/>\npolitical  thesis  or  historical  truth.  The\tappeals\t are<br \/>\ndismissed.\n<\/p>\n<pre>V.D.K.\t\t\t\t\t Appeals dismissed.\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">1087<\/span>\n\n\n\n<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India Babu Rao Patel vs State Of Delhi on 21 February, 1980 Equivalent citations: 1980 AIR 763, 1980 SCR (2)1082 Author: O C Reddy Bench: Reddy, O. Chinnappa (J) PETITIONER: BABU RAO PATEL Vs. RESPONDENT: STATE OF DELHI DATE OF JUDGMENT21\/02\/1980 BENCH: REDDY, O. CHINNAPPA (J) BENCH: REDDY, O. CHINNAPPA (J) SARKARIA, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-129167","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Babu Rao Patel vs State Of Delhi on 21 February, 1980 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/babu-rao-patel-vs-state-of-delhi-on-21-february-1980\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Babu Rao Patel vs State Of Delhi on 21 February, 1980 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; 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