{"id":13363,"date":"1994-12-13T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1994-12-12T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/v-lakshmanan-vs-b-r-mangalagiri-ors-on-13-december-1994"},"modified":"2018-11-20T18:51:59","modified_gmt":"2018-11-20T13:21:59","slug":"v-lakshmanan-vs-b-r-mangalagiri-ors-on-13-december-1994","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/v-lakshmanan-vs-b-r-mangalagiri-ors-on-13-december-1994","title":{"rendered":"V. Lakshmanan vs B.R. Mangalagiri &amp; Ors on 13 December, 1994"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">V. Lakshmanan vs B.R. Mangalagiri &amp; Ors on 13 December, 1994<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: K. Ramaswamy, N. Venkatachala, Jj.<\/div>\n<pre>           PETITIONER:\nV. LAKSHMANAN\n\n\tVs.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nB.R. MANGALAGIRI &amp; ORS.\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT13\/01\/1995\n\nBENCH:\nK. RAMASWAMY &amp; N.   VENKATACHALA, JJ.\n\n\n\n\nACT:\n\n\n\nHEADNOTE:\n\n\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>ORDER<br \/>\n1    This  appeal by special leave arises from the  judgment<br \/>\nof the Division Bench of the High Court of Madras dated\t No-<br \/>\nvember\t3, 1983 made in Appeal No. 911 \/ 77. The  appellant-<br \/>\nplaintiff had entered into an agreement with respondents  on<br \/>\nAugust\t23, 1972 to purchase their 6 acres 76 cents  of\t the<br \/>\nland  situated\tin Bhavani Village for\ta  consideration  of<br \/>\nRs.2,75,000\/- and paid Rs.50,000\/- as earnest money  (stated<br \/>\nas advance in the agreement).  He undertook to have the sale<br \/>\ndeed registered within six months i.e. on\/or before February<br \/>\n23,  1973.Time\tis, thereby, the essence of  the  agreement.<br \/>\nThe appellant had taken possession of the land and  levelled<br \/>\nthe land and applied for permission for sanction of  layout.<br \/>\nThe  Gram  Panchayat, Bhavani, refused\tto  grant  sanction.<br \/>\nThereafter,  the appellant got issued a notice\ton  February<br \/>\n20, 1973, calling upon the respondents to return the earnest<br \/>\nmoney  of  Rs.50,000\/and also Rs. 15,000\/- said\t to  be\t the<br \/>\nexpenditure  incurred  by  them\t towards  development  which<br \/>\nliability  was\tdenied\tby the respondents  in\ttheir  reply<br \/>\nnotice\twherein\t they  also claimed to\thave  forfeited\t the<br \/>\nearnest money for default committed by the appellant in\t the<br \/>\nperformance  of their part of the agreement.  The  appellant<br \/>\nlaid  O.S. No. 108\/73 on the file of the Addl.\t Subordinate<br \/>\nJudge,\tErode,\ton  March 13, 1973  which  the\ttrial  court<br \/>\ndecreed\t on April 30, 1977.  On appeal, as  stated  earlier,<br \/>\nthe High Court reversed the decree and dismissed the suit.\n<\/p>\n<p>2.   It\t is contended by Shri Balakrishnan, learned  counsel<br \/>\nfor  the appellant, that, admittedly, respondent  No.3\tB.R.<br \/>\nSrinivasan was a minor on the date of the agreement of sale.<br \/>\nWhen  the  appellant  orally had asked\tthe  4th  respondent<br \/>\nguardian   to\tobtain\tpermission  from   the\t Court\t for<br \/>\neffectuating  the sale deed, the mother as natural  guardian<br \/>\nof  the 3rd respondent had refused to obtain  permission  on<br \/>\nthe  ground  that  it  was  not\t necessary  to\tobtain\t the<br \/>\npermission  of the Court.  When the title was defective,  no<br \/>\none  would be prepared to purchase the land covered  by\t the<br \/>\nagreement  of  sale and, therefore, the High Court  was\t not<br \/>\nright  in dismissing the suit of the appellant.\t It is\talso<br \/>\ncontended  that the amount of Rs.50,000\/- being\t an  advance<br \/>\nand  not  an  earnest  money, the  whole  amount  cannot  be<br \/>\nforfeited  unless the respondents proved that they had\tsuf-<br \/>\nfered damages which is a necessary condition to forfeit\t the<br \/>\nadvance amount.\t That amount only could be forfeited.  No<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">107<\/span><br \/>\nevidence  was  adduced\tto prove that  the  respondents\t had<br \/>\nsuffered  damages.  Subsequent sale made by the\t respondents<br \/>\npending\t the  appeal was only a device adopted to  deny\t the<br \/>\nrefund of the advance money paid by the appellant.  The High<br \/>\nCourt  had committed grievous error of law in  allowing\t the<br \/>\nappeal.\t We find no force in both contentions.\n<\/p>\n<p>3.   The facts of the case and the conduct   of\t\t the<br \/>\nappellant lead us to conclude that the\t appellant  is\t not<br \/>\njustified  in seeking to nor is he entitled to recover\tfrom<br \/>\nthe  appellants\t Rs.50,000\/- paid by him.  No doubt  in\t the<br \/>\nagreement it was stated that the amount was advance and\t not<br \/>\nearnest\t money.\t  Earnest money is a part  of  the  purchase<br \/>\nprice.\tThe nomenclature or label given in the agreement  as<br \/>\nadvance is not either decisive or immutable.  The appellant,<br \/>\nafter  he  had entered into the agreement,  admittedly,\t had<br \/>\ntaken  possession of the land and levelled the land for\t the<br \/>\npurpose\t of  making  it into plots for\tsale  to  the  third<br \/>\nparties,  in  terms  of\t the  agreement.   Admittedly,\t the<br \/>\nappellant failed to obtain the sanction of the lay out\tplan<br \/>\nas  the\t Gram Panchayat refused to  sanction  it.   Thereaf-<br \/>\nter,.the  appellant having found it difficult to  effectuate<br \/>\nthe  sales  to third parties, he invented an excuse  to\t get<br \/>\nover the agreement and pitched upon the plea of oral request<br \/>\nsaid to have been made to the respondents to obtain sanction<br \/>\nof the court to alienate the share of the minor and of their<br \/>\nrefusal.   Thereby, they were not willing to  perform  their<br \/>\npart  of the agreement and had refused to execute  the\tsale<br \/>\ndeed.  There is no truth in it.\t The agreement of sale\tfell<br \/>\nthrough\t due to the default committed by the appellant.\t  It<br \/>\nis not the case that the appellant had issued notice to\t the<br \/>\nguardian to obtain sanction of the court and that the mother<br \/>\nhad refused to get it nor is she willing to execute the sale<br \/>\ndeed.\tThe amount paid is only by way of earnest  money  as<br \/>\npart  of the sale transaction and that the appellant  failed<br \/>\nto perform his part of the contract.\n<\/p>\n<p>4.   It is true that in the written statement\t  filed\t  by<br \/>\nthe defendants, defendant Nos.\t   1,2, brothers and 4 being<br \/>\nthe  mother representing defendant No.3 minor, as a  natural<br \/>\nguardian, had pleaded in paragraph 12 that the agreement  to<br \/>\nthe extent of the share of the minor, is void.\tUnder s.8(3)<br \/>\nof the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956, Act 32  of<br \/>\n1956  (for  short, &#8216;the Act&#8217;), it is only  voidable  at\t the<br \/>\ninstance of the minor or any person claiming under him.\t The<br \/>\nguardian has to obtain permission from the court under\ts.8.<br \/>\nIn  this case, admittedly, during the pendency of the  suit,<br \/>\nthe third respondent-minor after becoming the major on\tJuly<br \/>\n31, 1975, was duly declared as major and the mother was dis-<br \/>\ncharged\t from  guardianship.   Thereafter he  filed  a\tmemo<br \/>\nadopting the written statement filed by the defendants 1 and<br \/>\n2, his brothers.  In their written statement and also in the<br \/>\nreply notice got issued by them, respondents No. 1, 2 and  4<br \/>\nexpressly  averred and was testified in the evidence of\t the<br \/>\nfirst defendant that they are &#8220;ready and willing to  perform<br \/>\ntheir  part of the contract&#8221;.  When the minor became  major,<br \/>\nhe  had adopted their written statement, it would  certainly<br \/>\nmean,  as  rightly pointed out by the High Court,  that\t the<br \/>\nminor  was also willing to perform his part of the  contract<br \/>\nalong with his brothers.  He thereby elected to abide by the<br \/>\nterms  of  the\tcontract.   It is  not\tthe  case  that\t the<br \/>\nappellant  had\tcalled upon the respondents  in\t writing  to<br \/>\nobtain permission from the court as required under sub-s.(2)<br \/>\nof s.8 of the Act<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">108<\/span><br \/>\nand  that  they refused to obtain such a sanction.   In\t the<br \/>\nsuit  notice  also  he did not call upon  them\tto  get\t the<br \/>\nsanction of the court.\tOn the other hand, he asked them  to<br \/>\nreturn\tthe  advance amount.  When the\tminor  had  attained<br \/>\nmajority  pending the suit and had elected to abide  by\t the<br \/>\nterms of the agreement of sale, the need to obtain  sanction<br \/>\nfrom   the   court   became   unnecessary.    Under    these<br \/>\ncircumstances,\tthe necessity to obtain permission from\t the<br \/>\ncourt  under sub-s\/(2) of s.8 of the Act  became  redundant.<br \/>\nIt  is seen, from the conduct of the appellant, that  he  is<br \/>\nnot willing to perform his part of the contract and he wants<br \/>\nto  wriggle out of the contract.  It is also seen that\ttime<br \/>\nis  the essence of the contract.  Sale deed was required  to<br \/>\nbe executed on or before February 23, 1973, the appellant is<br \/>\nthe  defaulting party and he has not come to the court\twith<br \/>\nclean hands.\n<\/p>\n<p>5.   The  question  then  is  whether  the  respondents\t are<br \/>\nentitled  to forfeit the entire amount.\t It is seen  that  a<br \/>\nspecific  covenant  under  the contract\t was  that  the\t re-<br \/>\nspondents  are entitled to forfeit the money paid under\t the<br \/>\ncontract.  So when the contract fell through by the  default<br \/>\ncommitted  by the appellant, as part of the  contract,\tthey<br \/>\nare  entitled  to forfeit the entire amount.  In  this\tcase<br \/>\neven  otherwise, we find that the respondents  had  suffered<br \/>\ndamages\t firstly  for one year they    were  prevented\tfrom<br \/>\nenjoying  the  property and the appellant had  cut  off\t 150<br \/>\nfruit bearing coconut trees and sugarcane crop was destroyed<br \/>\nfor levelling the land apart from cutting down other  trees.<br \/>\nPending\t the  appeal, the respondents sought  for  and\twere<br \/>\ngranted\t permission by the court for sale of  the  property,<br \/>\nPursuant  thereto, they sold the land for which\t they  could<br \/>\nnot secure even the amount under contract and the loss\tthey<br \/>\nsuffered   would   be  around\tRs.70,000\/-.   Under   those<br \/>\ncircumstances, their forfeiting the sum of Rs.50,000\/-\tcan-<br \/>\nnot  be said to be unjustified.\t The appeal  is\t accordingly<br \/>\ndismissed with costs.\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">109<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India V. Lakshmanan vs B.R. Mangalagiri &amp; Ors on 13 December, 1994 Bench: K. Ramaswamy, N. Venkatachala, Jj. PETITIONER: V. LAKSHMANAN Vs. RESPONDENT: B.R. MANGALAGIRI &amp; ORS. DATE OF JUDGMENT13\/01\/1995 BENCH: K. RAMASWAMY &amp; N. VENKATACHALA, JJ. ACT: HEADNOTE: JUDGMENT: ORDER 1 This appeal by special leave arises from the judgment of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13363","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>V. Lakshmanan vs B.R. Mangalagiri &amp; Ors on 13 December, 1994 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/v-lakshmanan-vs-b-r-mangalagiri-ors-on-13-december-1994\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"V. Lakshmanan vs B.R. Mangalagiri &amp; Ors on 13 December, 1994 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/v-lakshmanan-vs-b-r-mangalagiri-ors-on-13-december-1994\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/LegalindiaCom\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"1994-12-12T18:30:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-11-20T13:21:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/09\/legal-india-icon.jpg?fit=512%2C512&ssl=1\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"512\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"512\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Legal India Admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@legaliadmin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@Legal_india\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Legal India Admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/v-lakshmanan-vs-b-r-mangalagiri-ors-on-13-december-1994#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/v-lakshmanan-vs-b-r-mangalagiri-ors-on-13-december-1994\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Legal India Admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0bfdffe9059fb8bb24a86d094609c5ea\"},\"headline\":\"V. Lakshmanan vs B.R. Mangalagiri &amp; Ors on 13 December, 1994\",\"datePublished\":\"1994-12-12T18:30:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-11-20T13:21:59+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/v-lakshmanan-vs-b-r-mangalagiri-ors-on-13-december-1994\"},\"wordCount\":1390,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Supreme Court of India\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/v-lakshmanan-vs-b-r-mangalagiri-ors-on-13-december-1994#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/v-lakshmanan-vs-b-r-mangalagiri-ors-on-13-december-1994\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/v-lakshmanan-vs-b-r-mangalagiri-ors-on-13-december-1994\",\"name\":\"V. Lakshmanan vs B.R. Mangalagiri &amp; Ors on 13 December, 1994 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"1994-12-12T18:30:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-11-20T13:21:59+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/v-lakshmanan-vs-b-r-mangalagiri-ors-on-13-december-1994#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/v-lakshmanan-vs-b-r-mangalagiri-ors-on-13-december-1994\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/v-lakshmanan-vs-b-r-mangalagiri-ors-on-13-december-1994#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"V. Lakshmanan vs B.R. Mangalagiri &amp; Ors on 13 December, 1994\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/\",\"name\":\"Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India\",\"description\":\"Search and read the latest judgements, orders, and rulings from the Supreme Court of India and all High Courts. A comprehensive database for lawyers, advocates, and law students.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"Free judgements of Supreme Court & High Court of India | Legal India\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India\",\"alternateName\":\"Legal India\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/5\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/legal-india-icon.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/5\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/legal-india-icon.jpg\",\"width\":512,\"height\":512,\"caption\":\"Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/LegalindiaCom\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/Legal_india\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0bfdffe9059fb8bb24a86d094609c5ea\",\"name\":\"Legal India Admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Legal India Admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/legaliadmin\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/author\\\/legal-india-admin\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"V. Lakshmanan vs B.R. Mangalagiri &amp; Ors on 13 December, 1994 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/v-lakshmanan-vs-b-r-mangalagiri-ors-on-13-december-1994","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"V. Lakshmanan vs B.R. Mangalagiri &amp; Ors on 13 December, 1994 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India","og_url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/v-lakshmanan-vs-b-r-mangalagiri-ors-on-13-december-1994","og_site_name":"Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/LegalindiaCom\/","article_published_time":"1994-12-12T18:30:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2018-11-20T13:21:59+00:00","og_image":[{"width":512,"height":512,"url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/09\/legal-india-icon.jpg?fit=512%2C512&ssl=1","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Legal India Admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@legaliadmin","twitter_site":"@Legal_india","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Legal India Admin","Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/v-lakshmanan-vs-b-r-mangalagiri-ors-on-13-december-1994#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/v-lakshmanan-vs-b-r-mangalagiri-ors-on-13-december-1994"},"author":{"name":"Legal India Admin","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#\/schema\/person\/0bfdffe9059fb8bb24a86d094609c5ea"},"headline":"V. Lakshmanan vs B.R. Mangalagiri &amp; Ors on 13 December, 1994","datePublished":"1994-12-12T18:30:00+00:00","dateModified":"2018-11-20T13:21:59+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/v-lakshmanan-vs-b-r-mangalagiri-ors-on-13-december-1994"},"wordCount":1390,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#organization"},"articleSection":["Supreme Court of India"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/v-lakshmanan-vs-b-r-mangalagiri-ors-on-13-december-1994#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/v-lakshmanan-vs-b-r-mangalagiri-ors-on-13-december-1994","url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/v-lakshmanan-vs-b-r-mangalagiri-ors-on-13-december-1994","name":"V. Lakshmanan vs B.R. Mangalagiri &amp; Ors on 13 December, 1994 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#website"},"datePublished":"1994-12-12T18:30:00+00:00","dateModified":"2018-11-20T13:21:59+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/v-lakshmanan-vs-b-r-mangalagiri-ors-on-13-december-1994#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/v-lakshmanan-vs-b-r-mangalagiri-ors-on-13-december-1994"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/v-lakshmanan-vs-b-r-mangalagiri-ors-on-13-december-1994#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"V. Lakshmanan vs B.R. Mangalagiri &amp; Ors on 13 December, 1994"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/","name":"Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India","description":"Search and read the latest judgements, orders, and rulings from the Supreme Court of India and all High Courts. A comprehensive database for lawyers, advocates, and law students.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#organization"},"alternateName":"Free judgements of Supreme Court & High Court of India | Legal India","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#organization","name":"Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India","alternateName":"Legal India","url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/09\/legal-india-icon.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/09\/legal-india-icon.jpg","width":512,"height":512,"caption":"Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/LegalindiaCom\/","https:\/\/x.com\/Legal_india"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#\/schema\/person\/0bfdffe9059fb8bb24a86d094609c5ea","name":"Legal India Admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Legal India Admin"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.legalindia.com","https:\/\/x.com\/legaliadmin"],"url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/author\/legal-india-admin"}]}},"modified_by":null,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13363","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13363"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13363\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13363"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13363"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13363"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}