{"id":142125,"date":"1977-12-16T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1977-12-15T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/md-gulam-abbas-ors-vs-md-ibrahim-ors-on-16-december-1977"},"modified":"2015-02-25T01:43:01","modified_gmt":"2015-02-24T20:13:01","slug":"md-gulam-abbas-ors-vs-md-ibrahim-ors-on-16-december-1977","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/md-gulam-abbas-ors-vs-md-ibrahim-ors-on-16-december-1977","title":{"rendered":"Md. Gulam Abbas &amp; Ors vs Md. Ibrahim &amp; Ors on 16 December, 1977"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Md. Gulam Abbas &amp; Ors vs Md. Ibrahim &amp; Ors on 16 December, 1977<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_citations\">Equivalent citations: 1978 AIR  422, \t\t  1978 SCR  (2) 419<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: M H Beg<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: Beg, M. Hameedullah (Cj)<\/div>\n<pre>           PETITIONER:\nMD. GULAM ABBAS &amp; ORS.\n\n\tVs.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nMD. IBRAHIM &amp; ORS.\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT16\/12\/1977\n\nBENCH:\nBEG, M. HAMEEDULLAH (CJ)\nBENCH:\nBEG, M. HAMEEDULLAH (CJ)\nBHAGWATI, P.N.\nSINGH, JASWANT\n\nCITATION:\n 1978 AIR  422\t\t  1978 SCR  (2) 419\n 1978 SCC  (1) 226\n CITATOR INFO :\n E\t    1981 SC2198\t (4,5,6,33)\n\n\nACT:\nCriminal  Procedure  Code, 1973, (Act 11 of 1974),  S.\t144-\nPrinciples on which jurisdiction is to be exercised u\/s\t 144\nof the Crl. P.C. by magistrate, explained.\n\n\n\nHEADNOTE:\nIn Md.\tIbrahim v. State of U.P. etc. (C.A. No. 941A of 1976\netc.  etc. decided on 6-12-1976), this Court set  aside\t the\njudgment  of  the Allahabad HIgh Court passed  in  the\tWrit\nPetition  quashing  the orders of the  City  Magistrate\t and\nSession\t Judge u\/s. 144 Crl.  P.C., holding that High  Court\ncommitted an   error  in  pronouncing views on\tthe  'orders\npassed\tby  the\t criminal  courts when\tthey  ceased  to  be\noperative  and\tin  giving  finding  on\t rights,  title\t and\nproperty ,in a petition u\/A 226 and227 'of the Constitution.\nIn the Review Petition,the Review Petitioners contended that\nunless\tthe court mentioned the correct principles on  which\njurisdiction  is  to  be exercised u\/s\t144  Crl.   P.C.  by\nMagistrates,  they  may continue to exercise them  on  wrong\nprinciples.\nDismissing the Petition the Court,\nHELD  :\t 1.  No hard and fast rules can\t be  laid  down\t for\nguidance  in  exercising  a power on  which  decisions\tmust\nnecessarily  be governed by the existing situation  in\teach\ncase.\tIt  has\t to be judged  on  facts  and  circumstances\nexisting at a particular place at a particular time. [421CD]\n2.   S. 144 confers a jurisdiction \"to direct any person  to\nabstain\t from  a certain act or to take certain\t order\twith\ncertain property in his possession or under his\t  management\".\n[420C]\n3. The\t  kind\tof orders u\/s 144(3) which \"may be  directed\nto a particular individual    or  to  the  public  generally\nwhen frequenting or visiting a Particular place are intended\nonly to prevent dangers to life health, safety or peace\t and\ntranquility  of\t members  of the public.  A  person  may  be\nprevented  from doing something even upon his  own  property\nprovided that the doing of a perfectly legal act constitutes\na  danger  to human life, health or safety of others  or  to\npublic\tpeace  and  tranquility.  They\tare  only  temporary\norders\twhich cannot last beyond two months from the  making\nthereof. [420C-D]\n4.   Questions of title cannot be decided for the first time\neither\tin a Writ Petition or in a proceeding u\/s  144\tCrl.\nP.C. at all, as the remedy lies by way ,of a Civil Suit\t for\nan  injunction.\t But, previous judgments on them may have  a\nhearing\t on  the question whether, and, if  so,\t what  order\nshould\tbe passed u\/s. 144 Crl.\t P.C. The magistrate is\t not\nconcerned. with individual rights in performing his duty u\/s\n144  Crl.  P.C. but he has to determine what may  reasonably\nnecessary  or  expedient in a situation of which he  is\t the\nbest judge. [420DE, 421A]\n\n\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>CIVIL  APPELLATE  JURISDICTION : Review Petition No.  36  of<br \/>\n1977.  Application for review of this Court&#8217;s Judgment dated<br \/>\n6th of De76.\n<\/p>\n<p>\t\t    IN<br \/>\n\t       Civil Appeal No. 941-A of 1976<br \/>\nA.  K. Sen, M. C. Bhandare, (Mrs.) Urimila  Kapoor,  (Miss).<br \/>\nKamlesh\t  Bansal   and\t(Mrs.)\tShobha\t Dikshit   for\t the<br \/>\nPetitioners.\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">420<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Bashir\tAhmed,\tK.  L.\tHathi  and  P.\tC.  Kapoor  for\t the<br \/>\nRespondents.\n<\/p>\n<p>The Order of the Court was delivered by<br \/>\nBEG,  CJ.-This review application seems\t quite\tunnecessary.<br \/>\nSince,\thowever,  learned Counsel for the  petitioners\thave<br \/>\nearnestly tried to impress upon us that, unless we mentioned<br \/>\nthe  correct  principles  on which  jurisdiction  is  to  be<br \/>\nexercised  under Section 144 of the Criminal Procedure\tCode<br \/>\nby Magistrates, they may continue to exercise them on  wrong<br \/>\nprinciples,  we\t may  clear  up\t these\tpossibly   imaginary<br \/>\ndifficulties.\tWe find it hard to believe that\t Magistrates<br \/>\nwill deliberately shut their eyes to the requirements of law<br \/>\nas laid down clearly in Section 144, Cr.  P.C., but, as what<br \/>\nis  not\t easily conceivable sometimes does happen,  we\twill<br \/>\nexplain\t the  provisions of Section 144\t Criminal  Procedure<br \/>\nCode a little.\n<\/p>\n<p>This-provision confers a jurisdiction to &#8220;direct any  person<br \/>\nto abstain from a certain act or to take certain order\twith<br \/>\ncertain property in his possession or under his\t management&#8221;<br \/>\nwith the object, inter alla, of preventing &#8220;a disturbance of<br \/>\nthe  public tranqunity, or a riot, or an  affray&#8221;.   Section<br \/>\n144(3)\tspecifically  lays down that the  order\t under\tthis<br \/>\nSection\t &#8220;may be, directed to a particular individual or  to<br \/>\nthe   public  generally\t when  frequenting  or\tvisiting   a<br \/>\nparticular  place&#8221;.  The kind of orders mentioned  here\t are<br \/>\nobviously intended only to prevent dangers to life,  health,<br \/>\nsafety\tor peace and tranquility of members of\tthe  public.<br \/>\nThey are only temporary orders which cannot last beyond\t two<br \/>\nmonths\tfrom  the making thereof as is\tclear  from  Section<br \/>\n144(6)\tof the Code.  Questions of title cannot be,  decided<br \/>\nhere  at all.  But, previous judgments on them may  have  a&#8217;<br \/>\nbearing\t on  the question whether, and, if  so,\t what  order<br \/>\nshould be, passed under Section 144 Criminal Procedure Code.<br \/>\nIt may sometimes happen that a person may be prevented\tfrom<br \/>\ndoing  something  even upon his own  property  provided\t the<br \/>\ndoing of a perfectly legal act constitutes a danger to human<br \/>\nlife,  health,\tor safety of others or to public  peace\t and<br \/>\ntranquility.   An  example  of\tthis  can  be  shouting\t  of<br \/>\nprovocative slogans from one&#8217;s own house top.  Nevertheless,<br \/>\nit  is the duty of the authorities to aid and protect  those<br \/>\nwho are performing completely legal acts in a reasonable and<br \/>\nperfectly  legal manner or in accordance with what  the\t law<br \/>\npermits them to do.  It is only where it is not\t practicable<br \/>\nto  allow them to do something which is quite legal,  having<br \/>\nregard to the state of excited feelings of persons living in<br \/>\nan  area or frequenting a locality, that any action  may  be<br \/>\ntaken  under Section 144 Criminal Procedure Code  which\t may<br \/>\ninterfere  with\t what are, otherwise, completely  legal\t and<br \/>\npermissible conduct and speech.\n<\/p>\n<p>It  was\t asserted  on behalf of the petitioners\t that  in  a<br \/>\nrepresentative suit between Shia and Sunni sects of  Muslims<br \/>\nquestion   of  title  to  properties  or  places  to   which<br \/>\nMagistrate&#8217;s  orders  under Section 144\t Criminal  Procedure<br \/>\nCode  related has already been decided.\t If that be  so.  we<br \/>\nhave no doubt that the Magistrate will respect that decision<br \/>\nin  making  an\torder under Section 144\t Cr.   P.C.  in\t the<br \/>\nfuture,\t Then it would be easier for the Magistrate  to\t see<br \/>\nwho should be allowed to exercise-\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">421<\/span><\/p>\n<p>the legitimate right of holding a meeting on or occupying  a<br \/>\nparticular  property or doing anything else, there.  It\t may<br \/>\nhowever\t be noted that the Magistrate is not concerned\twith<br \/>\nindividual  rights in performing his duty under Section\t 144<br \/>\nbut he has to determine what may be reasonably necessary  or<br \/>\nexpedient in a situation of which he is the best judge.<br \/>\nIf  any\t community  or sect is disposed\t to  transgress\t the<br \/>\nrights\tof another in a particular property habitually,\t the<br \/>\nremedy lies by way of a civil suit for an injunction.\tBoth<br \/>\nsides\tbefore\tus  make  conflicting  assertions  on\tsuch<br \/>\nquestions.   It is impossible to decide them for  the  first<br \/>\ntime  either  in a writ petition or in\ta  proceeding  under<br \/>\nSection 144 of the Criminal Procedure Code.  If public peace and tranquili<br \/>\nty or other objects mentioned there are not in<br \/>\ndanger\tthe  Magistrate concerned cannot act  under  Section\n<\/p>\n<p>144.   He  could  only direct parties to go  to\t the  proper<br \/>\nforum.\t On the other hand, if the public safety, peace,  or<br \/>\ntranquility  are,  in danger, it is left to  the  Magistrate<br \/>\nconcerned  to take proper action under Section 144  Criminal<br \/>\nProcedure  Code.  No hard and fast rule-, can be  laid\tdown<br \/>\nfor  guidance in exercising a power on which decisions\tmust<br \/>\nnecessarily  be governed by the existing situation  in\teach<br \/>\ncase.\tIt  has\t to be judged  on  facts  and  circumstances<br \/>\nexisting at a particular place at a particular time.<br \/>\nWe  have  no doubt that, particularly after this  brief\t and<br \/>\nobvious\t explanation  of  the  provisions  of  Section\t 144<br \/>\nCriminal  Procedure Code, no orders will be passed  contrary<br \/>\nto that the section itself so clearly requires as conditions<br \/>\nprecedent to the passing of an order.  We are not  convinced<br \/>\nat all that the applicants had any real ground for seeking a<br \/>\nreview\tof  our\t orders.   Consequently,  we  dismiss\tthis<br \/>\napplication.  We, however, make no orders as to costs.\n<\/p>\n<pre>S.C R.\t\t\t\t\t\tReview\nPetition dismissed.\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">422<\/span>\n\n\n\n<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India Md. Gulam Abbas &amp; Ors vs Md. Ibrahim &amp; Ors on 16 December, 1977 Equivalent citations: 1978 AIR 422, 1978 SCR (2) 419 Author: M H Beg Bench: Beg, M. Hameedullah (Cj) PETITIONER: MD. GULAM ABBAS &amp; ORS. Vs. RESPONDENT: MD. IBRAHIM &amp; ORS. DATE OF JUDGMENT16\/12\/1977 BENCH: BEG, M. HAMEEDULLAH [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-142125","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Md. Gulam Abbas &amp; Ors vs Md. 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