{"id":151671,"date":"1967-09-11T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1967-09-10T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/sukhram-another-vs-gauri-shankar-anr-on-11-september-1967"},"modified":"2017-06-26T00:04:00","modified_gmt":"2017-06-25T18:34:00","slug":"sukhram-another-vs-gauri-shankar-anr-on-11-september-1967","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/sukhram-another-vs-gauri-shankar-anr-on-11-september-1967","title":{"rendered":"Sukhram &amp; Another vs Gauri Shankar &amp; Anr on 11 September, 1967"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Sukhram &amp; Another vs Gauri Shankar &amp; Anr on 11 September, 1967<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_citations\">Equivalent citations: 1968 AIR  365, \t\t  1968 SCR  (1) 476<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: S C.<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: Shah, J.C.<\/div>\n<pre>           PETITIONER:\nSUKHRAM &amp; ANOTHER\n\n\tVs.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nGAURI SHANKAR &amp; ANR.\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT:\n11\/09\/1967\n\nBENCH:\nSHAH, J.C.\nBENCH:\nSHAH, J.C.\nSIKRI, S.M.\nSHELAT, J.M.\n\nCITATION:\n 1968 AIR  365\t\t  1968 SCR  (1) 476\n CITATOR INFO :\n E\t    1970 SC1730\t (6)\n R\t    1970 SC1963\t (7)\n RF\t    1977 SC1944\t (35)\n D\t    1991 SC1581\t (8)\n\n\nACT:\nHindu  Succession  Act\t30  of\t1956,  s.  14(1)-Coparcenary\ngoverned  by  Benares School of Mitakshara  rule  that\tmale\ncoparcener  cannot  alienate his share of  property  without\nassent of other coparceners-- Whether applicable to  widow's\ninterest under s. 14(1).\n\n\n\nHEADNOTE:\nThe  first appellant, his brother H and his son\t the  second\nappellant,  constituted\t a  Hindu  Joint  family  and\twere\ngoverned  by  the Mitakshara law of the Benares\t School.  He\ndied  in 1952 leaving him surviving his widow.\tOn  December\n15, 1956, the widow sold a half share in a house and a\tshop\nbelonging to the joint family to the first respondent.\t The\nappellants filed a suit for a decree declaring that the sale\nby the widow was without consideration and for an order can-\ncelling the sale deed.\tThe suit was dismissed by the  Trial\nCourt and, in appeal, by the High Court.\nIn  appeal to this Court it was contended on behalf  of\t the\nappellants that under the Benares School of the\t Mitakshara,\na  male\t coparcener  is not entitled to\t alienate  even\t for\nvalue,\this  undivided\tinterest  in  coparcenary   property\nwithout\t the  consent  of the other  coparceners  except  in\ncertain\t specified  cases,  and by s.  14(1)  of  the  Hindu\nSuccession Act 30 of 1956 it could not have been intended to\nconfer a larger right on the widow of a coparcener.\nHELD: On the death of her husband, the widow became entitled\nto   the  same\tinterest  which H had in  the  joint  family\nproperty under s.3(2) of the Hindu Women's Right to Property\nAct,  18  of  1937, in the joint family\t property   of\tthat\ninterest,  by virtue of s.14(1) of the Hindu Succession\t Act\n1956, she became full owner on June 17, 1956 and being\tfull\nowner  she  was\t competent to sell it for  her\town  purpose\nwithout the consent of the male coparceners of her  husband.\n[477D-G]\nA  male member of a Hindu family governed by  the.   Benares\nSchool\tof Hindu Law is undoubtedly subject to\trestrictions\nqua alienation of his interest in the joint family property.\nbut a widow acquiring an interest in that property by virtue\nof  the\t Hindu\tSuccession Act is not subject  to  any\tsuch\nrestrictions.\tThat is however not a ground  for  importing\nlimitations  which the Parliament has not chosen to  impose.\n[478F]\nMadho Parshad v. Mehrban Singh, L.R. 17 I.A. 194;  Balgobind\nDas v. Narain Lal and Ors.  L.R. 20 I.A. 116 and  Chandradeo\nSingh  &amp;  Ors.\tv. Mata Prasad &amp; Anr.  T.L.R.  31  All.\t 176\n(F.B.); referred to.\n\n\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 21 of 1965.<br \/>\nAppeal\tby special leave from the judgment and decree  dated<br \/>\nMarch 15, 1961 of the Allahabad High Court in Second  Appeal<br \/>\nNo. 2434 of 1960.\n<\/p>\n<p>N.C.  Chatterjee,  E.  C. Agarwala, Kartar  Singh  and\tP.C.<br \/>\nAgarwala, for the appellants.\n<\/p>\n<p>J. P. Goyal and B. P. Jha, for the respondents.\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">477<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The Judgment of the Court was delivered by<br \/>\nShah, J. Hukam Singh and Sukhram-the first appellant in this<br \/>\nappeal-were  two brothers.  Chidda-the second appellant,  is<br \/>\nthe son of Sukhram, Hukam Singh, Sukhram and Chidda  consti-<br \/>\ntuted  a  Hindu\t joint\tfamily\tand  were  governed  by\t the<br \/>\nMitakshara  Law of the Benares School.\tHukam Singh died  in<br \/>\n1952  leaving  him  surviving  his  wife  Kishan  Devi.\t  On<br \/>\nDecember 15, 1956, Kishan Devi sold a half share in a  house<br \/>\nand a shop belonging to the joint family, to Gauri  Shankar.<br \/>\nSukhram\t and his son Chidda then commenced an action in\t the<br \/>\nCourt of the Munsif of Ghaziabad for a decree declaring that<br \/>\nthe  sale  by  Kishan  Devi to\tGauri  Shankar\twas  without<br \/>\nconsideration,\tand for an order cancelling the\t sale  deed.<br \/>\nThe  suit was dismissed by the Court of First Instance,\t the<br \/>\nDistrict Court, Meerut, and the High Court of Allahabad.<br \/>\nIn  this  appeal  the  only  question  which  falls  to\t  be<br \/>\ndetermined is whether the sale deed executed by Kishan\tDevi<br \/>\nwas  binding  upon the coparceners of her husband.   On\t the<br \/>\ndeath  of  Hukam Singh in 1952, it is common  ground  Kishan<br \/>\nDevi  acquired\tby virtue of s. 3(2) of\t the  Hindu  Women&#8217;s<br \/>\nRight  to Property Act 18 of 1937, the same interest in\t the<br \/>\nproperty  of the joint family which Hukam Singh\t had.\tThat<br \/>\ninterest  was limited interest known as the &#8216;Hindu,  Woman&#8217;s<br \/>\nestate&#8217;: s. 3(3) of the Hindu Women&#8217;s Right to Property Act,<br \/>\n1937.  The Parliament enacted The Hindu Succession Act 30 of<br \/>\n1956, which by s. 14(1) provided that-\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\t      &#8220;Any  property  possessed by a  female  Hindu,<br \/>\n\t      whether\tacquired   before   or\t after\t the<br \/>\n\t      commencement of this Act, shall be held by her<br \/>\n\t      as  full\towner thereof and not as  a  limited<br \/>\n\t      owner.&#8221;\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The  plea raised in the District Court that Kishan Devi\t was<br \/>\nnot  &#8220;possessed&#8221;  of the property which she  sold  to  Gauri<br \/>\nShankar\t was  rejected, and has not been set up\t before\t us.<br \/>\nClearly\t therefore, on the express words of s. 14(1) of\t the<br \/>\nHindu Succession Act, Kishan Devi acquired on June 17, 1956,<br \/>\nrights\tof full ownership in the interest which Hukam  Singh<br \/>\nhad in the property of the family during his life time,\t and<br \/>\nshe was competent without the consent of the male members of<br \/>\nthe family to sell the property for her own purposes.<br \/>\nBut Mr. Chatterjee for the appellants submits that under the<br \/>\nBenares\t School of the Mitakshara a male coparcener  is\t not<br \/>\nentitled  to alienate even for value his undivided  interest<br \/>\nin  coparcenary\t property without the consent of  the  other<br \/>\ncoparceners,  unless the alienation be for legal  necessity,<br \/>\nor  if the coparcener is the father, for payment by  him  of<br \/>\nhis antecedent debts which are not illegal or  avvavaharika,<br \/>\nand it could not have been intended by Parliament to  confer<br \/>\nupon a widow in a Hindu family a larger right than the right<br \/>\nwhich  the surviving coparceners could exercise at the\tdate<br \/>\nof the sale by the widow.  Counsel says that the  Parliament<br \/>\nby Act 30<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">478<\/span><br \/>\nof 1956 merely intended to confer upon a Hindu widow  rights<br \/>\nof  full ownership in the interest in property in which\t she<br \/>\nhad prior to that Act, only a limited interest, but did\t not<br \/>\nintend\tto destroy the essential character of  joint  family<br \/>\nproperty  so as to invest the widow with power\tto  alienate<br \/>\nthat  interest without the assent of the coparceners of\t her<br \/>\nhusband.\n<\/p>\n<p>It is true that under the Benares school of the Mitakshara a<br \/>\ncaparcener  may\t not,  without\tthe  consent  of  the  other<br \/>\ncoparceners,  sell his undivided share in the family  estate<br \/>\nfor  his  own benefit: Madho Parshad  v.  Mehrban  Singh(1);<br \/>\nBalgobind  Das\tv. Narain Lal and Ors. (2)  and\t Chandradeo.<br \/>\nSingh  &amp; Ors. v. Mata Prasad &amp; Anr. (3) But the words of  s.<br \/>\n14  of\tthe Hindu Succession Act are express  and  explicit;<br \/>\nthereby\t a  female Hindu possessed of property\twhether\t ac-<br \/>\nquired before or after the commencement of the Act holds  it<br \/>\nas  full owner and not as a limited owner.  The interest  to<br \/>\nwhich  Kishan  Devi  became entitled on\t the  death  of\t her<br \/>\nhusband under S. 3(2) of the Hindu Women&#8217;s Right to Property<br \/>\nAct,   1937,  in  the  property\t of  the  joint\t family\t  is<br \/>\nindisputably  her &#8220;property&#8221; within the meaning of S. 14  of<br \/>\nAct  30\t of 1956, and when she became &#8220;full owner&#8221;  of\tthat<br \/>\nproperty she acquired a right unlimited in point of user and<br \/>\nduration and uninhibited in point of disposition.<br \/>\nWe are unable to agree with Mr. Chatterjee that restrictions<br \/>\non  the\t right of the male members of a Hindu  joint  family<br \/>\nform the bed-rock on which the law relating to joint  family<br \/>\nproperty  under the Hindu Law is founded.  Under the Law  of<br \/>\nthe Mitakshara as administered in the territory governed  by<br \/>\nthe Maharashtra and the Madras Schools and even in the State<br \/>\nof  Madhya  Pradesh,  a Hindu  coparcener  is  competent  to<br \/>\nalienate  for  value his undivided interest  in\t the  entire<br \/>\njoint  family property or any specific property without\t the<br \/>\nassent of his coparceners.  A male member of a Hindu  family<br \/>\ngoverned  by the Benaras School of Hindu Law is\t undoubtedly<br \/>\nsubject\t to restrictions qua alienation of his\tinterest  in<br \/>\nthe joint family property but a widow acquiring an  interest<br \/>\nin  that property by virtue of the Hindu Succession  Act  is<br \/>\nnot subject to any such restrictions.  That is however not a<br \/>\nground\tfor importing limitations which the  Parliament\t has<br \/>\nnot chosen to impose.\n<\/p>\n<p>On the death of her husband, Kishan Devi became entitled  to<br \/>\nthe same interest which Hukam Singh had in the joint  family<br \/>\nproperty of that interest, she became full owner on June 17,<br \/>\n1956,  and being full owner she was competent to  sell\tthat<br \/>\ninterest  for her own purposes, without the consent  of\t the<br \/>\nmale coparceners of her husband.\n<\/p>\n<p>The appeal therefore fails and is dismissed with costs.<br \/>\nR.K.P.S.\n<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t       Appeal dismissed.\n<\/p>\n<p>(1)  L.R. 17 I.A. 194.\n<\/p>\n<p>(2)  L.R. 20 I.A. 116.\n<\/p>\n<p>(3)   I.L.R. 31 All. 176 (F.B.).\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">479<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India Sukhram &amp; Another vs Gauri Shankar &amp; Anr on 11 September, 1967 Equivalent citations: 1968 AIR 365, 1968 SCR (1) 476 Author: S C. Bench: Shah, J.C. PETITIONER: SUKHRAM &amp; ANOTHER Vs. RESPONDENT: GAURI SHANKAR &amp; ANR. DATE OF JUDGMENT: 11\/09\/1967 BENCH: SHAH, J.C. BENCH: SHAH, J.C. SIKRI, S.M. SHELAT, J.M. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-151671","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Sukhram &amp; Another vs Gauri Shankar &amp; Anr on 11 September, 1967 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/sukhram-another-vs-gauri-shankar-anr-on-11-september-1967\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sukhram &amp; 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