{"id":153042,"date":"1951-04-19T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1951-04-18T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/bata-shoe-co-ltd-vs-narayan-das-mullick-and-ors-on-19-april-1951"},"modified":"2019-01-28T19:53:06","modified_gmt":"2019-01-28T14:23:06","slug":"bata-shoe-co-ltd-vs-narayan-das-mullick-and-ors-on-19-april-1951","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/bata-shoe-co-ltd-vs-narayan-das-mullick-and-ors-on-19-april-1951","title":{"rendered":"Bata Shoe & Co. Ltd. vs Narayan Das Mullick And Ors. on 19 April, 1951"},"content":{"rendered":"
Calcutta High Court<\/div>\n
Bata Shoe & Co. Ltd. vs Narayan Das Mullick And Ors. on 19 April, 1951<\/div>\n
Equivalent citations: AIR 1953 Cal 234, 56 CWN 121<\/div>\n
Author: G Das<\/div>\n
Bench: G Das, Lahiri<\/div>\n<\/p>\n
<\/pre>\n
JUDGMENT<\/p>\n
G.N. Das, J.<\/p>\n
1. This Rule was obtained by the petitioner who is a tenant of a room in premises No. 24A Canning Street in the city of Calcutta. The petitioner applied on 29-4-1949 for fixation of standard rent in respect of the said room. The Rent Controller fixed the standard rent at Rs. 171-7-3 with effect from 1-4-1949. On appeal the Judge of the Court of Small Causes by his order dated 25-9-1950, has modified the order of the Rent Controller & has fixed the standard rent at Rs. 140-9-6 with effect from 1-5-1950. The petitioner assails the order of the Small Cause Court Judge on the ground that there was no basic rent in respect of the disputed premises and as such the fixation of standard rent was erroneous in law.\n<\/p>\n
2. The question depends on certain facts to which reference should be made. It appears that the disputed room, was let out on 1-12-1941 in two portions to two separate tenants. The rent paid by the tenant in respect of the western portion of the room was Rs. 65\/- per mensem. The rent paid by the tenant occupying the eastern portion of the room was Rs. 58\/- per mensem. It appears that since September 1942 the entire room was let out to the petitioner’s predecessor-in-interest at a rent of Rs. 90\/- the intervening partition wall having been removed from the said room. The rent payable by the predecessor-in-interest of the present petitioner was later raised to Rs. 100\/-. It does not appear when the rent was so increased. The Rent Controller proceeded on the footing that the basic rent could be ascertained by totalling up the rent payable in respect of the two portions of the disputed room and by giving to the landlord an increase in the taxes payable by the tenant. The appellate Court has modified this decree but the effect of the decisions of both the Courts below is the same. The decision, proceeds on the footing that the room, the standardisation of rent whereof is in question, was let out on 1-12-1941, as the rent paid by the tenants occupying the two portions of the said room. The question is whether it could be said that the premises the rent whereof is sought to be standardised were let out at a certain rent on 1-12-1941.\n<\/p>\n
3. In  order  to  deal  with  this  contention  it is necessary to refer to certain provisions of the West Bengal Premises Rent Control Act (Act 17 of 1950).    This Act came into force on 30-3-1950. The application for standardisation of rent was made when the earlier Act, West Bengal Premises Rent Control (Temporary Provisions) Act (Act 38 of 1940) was in force.    It is not disputed that the rights of the landlord and tenant, so far as  it concerns the application for  standardisation of the rent, would be governed by the provisions of the 1950 Act.    Section 9 of the 1950 Act confers on the Rent Controller jurisdiction to fix the standard rent payable for any premises.    Section 9(1) provides as follows:\n<\/p>\n
  \"In any of the following cases, the Controller shall on application by any landlord or tenant fix the standard rent as set forth hereunder (a) where the  provisions     of Schedule A  apply and there  is  no cause  for  the   alteration  of  the rate  of standard rent as  determined according  to  the  schedule  for  any  of  the  reasons mentioned in the following clauses, in accordance with the provisions of Schedule A.\"\n \n\n We are not concerned with Clauses   (b) to  (d)  for the   purpose   of   the   present   case.    Clause   (e) runs as follows:\n<\/pre>\n
  “Excepting the case covered by Clause (f) following where the provisions of Schedule A for determining the standard rent do not apply, either because the premises or the whole of the premises were not let on 1-12-1941 or for some other reasons, or where any premises have been let rent free or at a nominal rent, or for some consideration other than money rent, or in addition to money rent, by fixing the standard rent at a rate in accordance with Schedule A, taking the rent which would have been reasonably payable for the premises it let on 1-12-1941, as basic rent under the said schedule.”\n<\/p>\n
We are not concerned with Clauses   (f) and (g). We have now to refer to Schedule A to find out what the standard rent should be. Schedule A is headed  as   “provision     for     determining     the standard rent of premises.”   The disputed room is used as a shop and not for residential purposes.   The material clause would  therefore  be para 3, which says that where the premises are used or  mainly  used otherwise  than for  residential  purposes   the  standard  rent
\n “shall  be   (a)   the  basic  rent,  if   a  period   of three  years  had  not elapsed   after  the  time when  rent  was  fixed  as  mentioned  in  para 1(a)   or  the  increased  rent  as  mentioned in para  1(b) was first paid.”\n<\/p>\n
Para    3,    Clause (b)    states    further   that    when the    said    period    of    three    years    relevant to     the     case    has    elapsed    or    elapses    or where    such    period    is     not     relevant     the basic   rent increased   by 10   per   cent, if   the basic  rent per  mensem  is  not  more  than  Rs. 100\/-,  and the basic rent increased by  15 per centum if the basic rent is more than Rs. 100\/-. The question what is the basic rent is dealt with in para  1   of  Schedule   A.   We  are  not  concerned with Clause (a) of para 1 in the present case. Clause (b) of para  1  states  that
\n  “where the rent of the premises has not been so fixed the rent which was payable for the premises   on 1-12-1941,   or   if   any   increased rent was paid for the premises between that date  and  the  coming  into  operation  of  this Act, the increased rent, which was last paid but not as to exceed the rent payable on 1-12-1941, by more than 10 per centum in case of “premises within Calcutta and 20 per centum in case of other premises.”\n<\/p>\n
 The contention raised on behalf of the petitioner is that the premises the rent whereof is sought to be standardised was not let on 1-12- 1941.   The  ground suggested is  that the  word ‘premises’ should mean the entire  subject-matter  of  the   present   demise,  that  is,   the  room taken as a whole.    Mr. Mukherji appearing for the opposite party on the other hand contends that   the   question   which   is   relevant   for   this purpose   is  not  whether  the  subject-matter   of the present demise was in the occupation of a single tenant or formed the subject-matter of a separate tenancy but whether the subject-matter of the present demise was in the occupation of tenants, & the fact that the subject-matter of the demise  was  separately    let     out    to  separate tenants and formed the subject-matter of separate letting is entirely irrelevant.    In order to determine   this   question   we   have  to   consider the meaning of the word “premises” as used in Section 2, Clause  8.    The word  ‘premises’ is defined to mean “any building or part of a building or any hut or part of a hut let separately and…………”\n<\/p>\n
In its grammatical sense the word ‘premises’ obviously means a building or part of a building or a hut or part of a hut which is the subject-matter of a separate demise. In other words, the word ‘premises’ means whatever formed the subject-matter of one demise. Neither the context nor the subject, requires us to place a forced construction on the word ‘premises’ as suggested on behalf of the opposite party.\n<\/p>\n
The meaning of the word ‘premises’ as contended for by the petitioner is the correct one, receives support from the definitions of the words ‘landlord’ and ‘tenant’ as occurring in the Act. The word ‘landlord’ is defined in Section 2, Clause 4 of the Act to mean any person who for the time being is recovering the rent of any premises from the tenant thereof and includes any person who is entitled to bring a suit for such rent. The word ‘tenant’ is defined in Section 2(11) to mean any person to whom rent is, or but for a special contract would be, payable for any premises and includes any person who is liable to be sued by the landlord for rent. When the Act therefore speaks of an application either by the landlord or the tenant to apply for fixation of standard rent it obviously implies that the Controller is required to fix the rent of the tenancy in question. That this is the true interpretation of the word ‘premises’ would also, appear if we consider the other provisions of the Act, namely provisions of ejectment of tenant etc. The words “the premises or the whole of the premises” in Section 9, Clause (c) do not point to a different conclusion. In my opinion, a conspectus of the various provisions of the Act is consistent only with the view that what the Act was contemplating was a determination of the relationship between the landlord and the tenant of a tenancy and to regulate the same in terms of the Act. It would be incorrect to use the word ‘premises’ as referable to the land itself apart from the question of a tenancy in respect of the same. On all these grounds we are of the opinion that the contention raised on behalf of the petitioner is correct. It must therefore be held that the basic rent of the premises cannot be determined on the footing of the rent which was payable for the two different portions of the said premises which were in the occupation of different tenants on that date. The Court has got to determine what rent was properly payable for the premises the rent whereof is now sought to be standardised, on the material date namely 1-12-1941.\n<\/p>\n
As the case was not properly approached by the Courts below from the correct angle it is necessary that the orders of the Rent Controller and of the Small Cause Court Judge should be vacated and this application remitted to the Rent Controller for fixing the standard rent in the light of the observations contained in this judgment. The petitioner is entitled to the costs of this Rule, hearing fee being assessed at two gold mohurs.\n<\/p>\n
Lahiri, J.\n<\/p>\n
4. I agree.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Calcutta High Court Bata Shoe & Co. Ltd. vs Narayan Das Mullick And Ors. on 19 April, 1951 Equivalent citations: AIR 1953 Cal 234, 56 CWN 121 Author: G Das Bench: G Das, Lahiri JUDGMENT G.N. Das, J. 1. This Rule was obtained by the petitioner who is a tenant of a room in premises […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-153042","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-calcutta-high-court","category-high-court"],"yoast_head":"\nBata Shoe & Co. 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