{"id":158132,"date":"1999-03-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1999-03-17T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/baburam-vs-c-c-jacob-ors-with-c-a-on-18-march-1999"},"modified":"2015-09-04T22:41:31","modified_gmt":"2015-09-04T17:11:31","slug":"baburam-vs-c-c-jacob-ors-with-c-a-on-18-march-1999","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/baburam-vs-c-c-jacob-ors-with-c-a-on-18-march-1999","title":{"rendered":"Baburam vs C C Jacob &amp; Ors. (With C.A &#8230; on 18 March, 1999"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Baburam vs C C Jacob &amp; Ors. (With C.A &#8230; on 18 March, 1999<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: S Hegde<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: N.Santosh Hegde, S. Saghir Ahmed<\/div>\n<pre>           PETITIONER:\nBABURAM\n\n\tVs.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nC C JACOB &amp; ORS.  (WITH C.A NO.10909\/96)\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT:\t18\/03\/1999\n\nBENCH:\nN.Santosh Hegde, S. Saghir Ahmed\n\n\n\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>SANTOSH HEGDE, J.\n<\/p>\n<p>      C.A.  Nos.10658-59\/96 :\n<\/p>\n<p>      These  appeals arise out of the order dated  22.9.1995<br \/>\nmade  by  the  Central\tAdministrative\tTribunal,  Ernakulam<br \/>\nBench,\t(for  short  `the tribunal&#8217;)  in  O.A.\t Nos.186\/94,<br \/>\n961\/95\tand 1192\/94.  The applicants therein questioned\t the<br \/>\nselection  made by the Departmental Promotion Committee\t and<br \/>\nconsequential  promotion  of  the appellant to the  post  of<br \/>\nSuperintendent\t of  Customs  in  a  vacancy  reserved\t for<br \/>\nScheduled  Castes.   The contention before the tribunal\t was<br \/>\nthat  the percentage of reservation has always to be  worked<br \/>\nout  in\t relation  to the number of posts which\t formed\t the<br \/>\ncadre  strength\t and the said reservation is not to be\tmade<br \/>\nwith reference to a vacancy.\n<\/p>\n<p>      Since  the law in regard to the above stated  position<br \/>\nwas nebulous, a Constitution Bench of this Court in the case<br \/>\nof <a href=\"\/doc\/1871744\/\">R K Sabharwal &amp; Ors.\t v.  State of Punjab &amp; Ors.<\/a>  (1995 2<br \/>\nSCC   745)  settled  the  said\t issue\tholding\t that\tsuch<br \/>\nreservation is in relation to the number of posts comprising<br \/>\nin the cadre and not in relation to vacancies.\tThe judgment<br \/>\nof  the Constitution Bench was delivered on 10.2.1995.<br \/>\nThis<br \/>\nCourt  in the said judgment after taking into  consideration<br \/>\nthe fact that the law was not clear till that date, observed<br \/>\nthus  :\t &#8220;We, however, direct that the interpretation  given<br \/>\nby  us to the working of the roster and our findings on this<br \/>\npoint  shall be operative prospectively.&#8221; The question\tthat<br \/>\narises\tfor our consideration in this case is:\twas it\topen<br \/>\nto  the\t tribunal  to  apply  the  law\tlaid  down  in\tR  K<br \/>\nSabharwal&#8217;s  case (supra) to the facts of the case in  hand.<br \/>\nThe  brief facts necessary for the purpose of deciding\tthis<br \/>\nquestion  are that in June, 1993, the Departmental Promotion<br \/>\nCommittee  (for short `the DPC&#8217;) considered the\t suitability<br \/>\nof candidates eligible for promotion to four vacancies which<br \/>\narose  during  1993-94\tin the cadre  of  Superintendent  of<br \/>\nCustoms (Preventive) from the post of Preventive Officers in<br \/>\nwhich  proceedings of the DPC the appellant was chosen to be<br \/>\npromoted  against  a  reserved\tvacancy\t earmarked  for\t the<br \/>\nScheduled  Castes.   The  said\tdecision   of  the  DPC\t was<br \/>\nchallenged  before  the\t tribunal on 27.1.1994\twherein\t the<br \/>\napplicants contended that they are entitled to be considered<br \/>\nfor  promotion to the category of Superintendent of  Customs<br \/>\nin  the\t concerned  vacancy,  treating\tthese  vacancies  as<br \/>\nunreserved.   Consequently,  they prayed that their case  be<br \/>\nconsidered  for promotion on merits.  During the pendency of<br \/>\nthe  applications before the tribunal, the appellants herein<br \/>\ncame  to  be  promoted on 26.6.1994 as\tagainst\t a  reserved<br \/>\nvacancy\t which\tarose on 1.6.1994.  The tribunal on  22.9.95<br \/>\nfollowing the judgment of this Court in the Sabharwal&#8217;s case<br \/>\n(supra),  allowed  the applications and held that there\t had<br \/>\nbeen   an   erroneous  application  of\tthe   principle\t  of<br \/>\nreservation  resulting\tin  appointment of  Scheduled  Caste<br \/>\ncandidates  in\texcess of the quota earmarked for them.\t  It<br \/>\ndirected  the  concerned  respondents\tto  recalculate\t the<br \/>\nentitlements of different categories and take further action<br \/>\napplying  the  quota  rule  to\tthe cadre  and\tnot  to\t the<br \/>\nvacancies  as they arose.  It further directed that till the<br \/>\nquota  is correctly maintained, no appointment will be\tmade<br \/>\nfrom  the groups which have exceeded the quota reserved\t for<br \/>\nthem.\tAs noted above, the finding of the tribunal is based<br \/>\non  the\t ratio\tof the judgment laid down by this  Court  in<br \/>\nSabharwal&#8217;s  case (supra).  The contention of the  appellant<br \/>\nin  these  appeals is that the judgment in Sabharwal&#8217;s\tcase<br \/>\nwas  made effective prospectively, hence, the same could not<br \/>\nhave  been applied to the promotion of the appellant.\tThis<br \/>\ncontention  was negatived by the tribunal on the ground that<br \/>\nthe  decision of the DPC in selecting the appellant does not<br \/>\namount\tto  an appointment and in view of the fact that\t the<br \/>\nappellant&#8217;s  promotion was made subsequent to filing of\t the<br \/>\npetition,  the\tappellant  cannot claim the benefit  of\t the<br \/>\nprospectivity  given  to  the Sabharwal&#8217;s judgment  by\tthis<br \/>\nCourt.\t We  are  unable  to agree with\t this  view  of\t the<br \/>\ntribunal.  It is to be noted that the prospectivity given to<br \/>\nSabharwal&#8217;s  case was obviously on the ground that there was<br \/>\na  doubt in regard to the position of law until the same was<br \/>\nclarified  by this Court in Sabharwal&#8217;s case.  The  decision<br \/>\nof  the\t DPC  was taken in June, 1993;\tmuch  prior  to\t the<br \/>\njudgment  in  Sabharwal&#8217;s case.\t It is only pursuant to\t the<br \/>\ndecision  of  the DPC, the appellant came to be promoted  on<br \/>\n27.6.1994  which is also a date prior to the delivery of the<br \/>\njudgment   in  Sabharwal&#8217;s  case.   In\tour   opinion,\t the<br \/>\nprospectivity was given to Sabharwal&#8217;s case only to see that<br \/>\nstatus\tprevailing prior to the judgment in Sabharwal&#8217;s case<br \/>\nshould not be disturbed.  The prospective declaration of law<br \/>\nis  a devise innovated by the apex court to avoid  reopening<br \/>\nof   settled   issues  and  to\t prevent   multiplicity\t  of<br \/>\nproceedings.\tIt  is\talso  a\t devise\t adopted  to   avoid<br \/>\nuncertainty and avoidable litigation.  By the very object of<br \/>\nprospective  declaration  of  law,  it is  deemed  that\t all<br \/>\nactions\t taken\tcontrary to the declaration of law prior  to<br \/>\nits  date of declaration are validated.\t This is done in the<br \/>\nlarger\tpublic interest.  Therefore, the subordinate  forums<br \/>\nwhich are legally bound to apply the declaration of law made<br \/>\nby  this  Court are also duty-bound to apply such dictum  to<br \/>\ncases  which  would arise in future only.  In matters  where<br \/>\ndecisions  opposed  to\tthe said principle have\t been  taken<br \/>\nprior  to such declaration of law cannot be interfered\twith<br \/>\non  the\t basis of such declaration of law.  In\tthe  instant<br \/>\ncase,  both  decisions of the DPC as well as the  appointing<br \/>\nauthority  being prior to the judgment in Sabharwal&#8217;s  case,<br \/>\nwe  are\t of  the opinion that the tribunal was in  error  in<br \/>\napplying  this\tdecision.   For this reason,  these  appeals<br \/>\nsucceed\t and  are hereby allowed;  setting aside the  orders<br \/>\nand  directions\t made by the tribunal in OA Nos.186\/94,\t and<br \/>\n961\/95.\n<\/p>\n<p>      C.A.  No.10909\/1996 :\n<\/p>\n<p>      In  view\tof our judgment in CA Nos.10658-59\/96,\tthis<br \/>\nappeal also succeeds and is hereby allowed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India Baburam vs C C Jacob &amp; Ors. (With C.A &#8230; on 18 March, 1999 Author: S Hegde Bench: N.Santosh Hegde, S. Saghir Ahmed PETITIONER: BABURAM Vs. RESPONDENT: C C JACOB &amp; ORS. (WITH C.A NO.10909\/96) DATE OF JUDGMENT: 18\/03\/1999 BENCH: N.Santosh Hegde, S. Saghir Ahmed JUDGMENT: SANTOSH HEGDE, J. C.A. Nos.10658-59\/96 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-158132","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Baburam vs C C Jacob &amp; Ors. 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