{"id":158973,"date":"1981-04-28T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1981-04-27T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/state-of-orissa-and-anr-vs-consolidated-construction-on-28-april-1981"},"modified":"2014-11-30T06:47:01","modified_gmt":"2014-11-30T01:17:01","slug":"state-of-orissa-and-anr-vs-consolidated-construction-on-28-april-1981","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/state-of-orissa-and-anr-vs-consolidated-construction-on-28-april-1981","title":{"rendered":"State Of Orissa And Anr. vs Consolidated Construction … on 28 April, 1981"},"content":{"rendered":"
Orissa High Court<\/div>\n
State Of Orissa And Anr. vs Consolidated Construction … on 28 April, 1981<\/div>\n
Equivalent citations: AIR 1981 Ori 166<\/div>\n
Author: R Misra<\/div>\n
Bench: R Misra<\/div>\n<\/p>\n
<\/pre>\n
JUDGMENT<\/p>\n
 R.N. Misra, C.J. <\/p>\n
 1. This appeal under Section 39 of the Arbitration Act calls in question the decision of the learned Subordinate Judge of Bhubaneswar by which he has made an award Rule of the Court under Section 17 of the Act. Respondent No. 1–a firm of contractors–undertook construction of the School of Mining Engineering at Keonjhar by entering into a contract in the standard F-2 Form on 22-8-1962. Work order had, however, been given on 30th of<\/p>\n
June, 1961, and the construction of the ground floor was over by 31-12-1961, and of the first floor by 30th of June. 1962. The claimant-contractor have notice under Section 8 of the Arbitration Act for appointment of an arbitrator. The Additional Chief Engineer appointed respondent No. 2 as the arbitrator. When the contractor’s application for revocation of the authority of the appointed arbitrator was rejected the contractor had moved this Court in Civil Revision No. 489 of 1978 and a learned single Judge by his Judgment on 15-5-\n<\/p>\n
1979  reported  in  48  Cut  LT  138:  (AIR
\n1980 NOC 31 (Ori) Consolidated Construction Co. v. State of Orissa allowed the application and appointed Sri Abhimanyu Misra, a retired Judge of this Court, as arbitrator. From paragraph 7 of the reported decision, it appears :–\n<\/p>\n
  \".........In   course  of     the   hearing of\nthis case, I wanted to know from both the parties if they had any objection to the appointment of retired justice Shri Abhimanyu Misra as the arbitrator in this case. None of the parties expressed any objection against him............\" \n \n\n The learned single Judge further observed :-- \n  \".........To avoid further delay and to\n<\/pre>\n
allay all apprehensions in the mind of the petitioner, I deem it just and proper to directly appoint an arbitrator of integrity, personality and judicial experience so that there would be or could be no scope for any objection on that score by any of the parties………….”\n<\/p>\n
 The new arbitrator after hearing parties gave his award on 9-7-1980. On behalf of the State of Orissa objection was raised to the award. After hearing both parties, the learned Subordinate Judge overruled the objections and made the award a rule of the court, <\/p>\n
 2. Five objections in the main have been raised in this appeal by learned Additional Government Advocate :–\n<\/p>\n
 (i) The claim which led to reference to arbitration was barred by limitation by the time the dispute was raised and therefore, the arbitrator should have held that the claim was not tenable in law:\n<\/p>\n
 (ii) The State Government had advanced a counter-claim which has not been properly discussed and the arbitrator has rejected the claim without indicating any ground for it.\n<\/p>\n
 (iii) The manner in which the different claims have been considered clearly indicates that the contractor will ultimately be paid more than once under the same head of claim which should not have been permitted;\n<\/p>\n
 (iv) The claim has been allowed to be enhanced in the midst of the proceeding which was not justified;\n<\/p>\n
 (v) The claim of interest from the alleged date of dues could not have been granted by the arbitrator, inasmuch as there was no power in the arbitrator to grant interest prior to the date of claim in any event and the pendente lite interest also could not be granted in the
\npresent case, as it was not covered by any of the principles indicated by the Supreme Court.\n<\/p>\n
 3. Admittedly, the arbitrator has not given any reasoning for the award. In the operative part thereof, the arbitrator has stated :–\n<\/p>\n
  “The parties  addressed elaborate     arguments  in  support   of   their   respective contentions   and     referred  to the  documents  and other material in  respect of different  items  of  claim    and    counterclaim.    Having given my full and careful   consideration   to   the  claims   of   the petitioner and counter-claim    made    by the opposite parties,    their    contentions, contained in the written statements, the documents  referred   to  and  relied   upon and arguments advanced in detail in respect of each item of the claims    and counter-claim.    I proceed to record my conclusions and findings as detailed below :…………”\n<\/p>\n
 As against all the thirtyfour items excepting item No. 25 the arbitrator has only indicated the amount in case he has allowed the whole or a part of the claim. As against item No. 25, the claim and counter-claim have been dealt with at some length.\n<\/p>\n
 Section 37(1) of the Arbitration Act provides that all the provisions of the Indian Limitation Act of 1908 would apply to arbitration as they apply to proceedings in court. The Supreme Court pointed out in the case of Wazir Chand v. Union of India, AIR 1967 SC 990 :– (at p. 993).\n<\/p>\n
  “There is no doubt that Clause (1) of Section 37 of the Arbitration Act deals only with the authority of the arbitrator to deal with and decide any dispute referred to him : it has no concern with<\/p>\n
an application made to the Court to file an arbitration agreement and to refer a dispute to the arbitrator. After an agreement is filed in Court and the matter is referred to the arbitrator, it is for the arbitrator to decide by the application of the law contained in the Limitation Act, whether the claim is barred…………”\n<\/p>\n
 This view has received support from subsequent decisions. The question of limitation has not been specifically dealt with in the award, but as it appears the final bill for the work done in the sixties was finalised on 19-4-198,0 and the arbitrator’s records support this stand of Mr. Palit for the contractor. In view of the fact that the final bill is dated 19-4-1980, when the arbitration proceeding itself was pending, the question of limitation loses importance. Confronted with this situation, learned Additional Government Advocate instead of pressing the question of limitation, contended that the dispute itself seemed to be premature if the final bill had not been drawn up till April, 1980. Such a contention had never been raised when the arbitrator was appointed or when this Court directed the new arbitrator to give his award expeditiously. The State of Orissa participated in the proceedings, placed records concurred in the extension of time and did not raise the plea of the proceedings being premature. While the question of limitation does not arise in view of the fact that the final bill was drawn up in April, 1980. I do not think, in the facts and circumstances of the case, it would be at all appropriate to hold that the dispute was premature and therefore, the reference to arbitration was not tenable.\n<\/p>\n
 4. Admittedly, there was a counterclaim. The arbitrator did refer to the counter-claim and while dealing with the item No. 25, stated :–\n<\/p>\n
  “Item No. 25 in the claim petition and items 1 and 2 of counter claim made by the respondents are taken up together. Item No. 25 of the claim petition is in substance a defence to and denial of the counter claims made by the respondents towards the value of the excess departmental materials alleged to have been supplied to the claimants and not consumed in the work nor returned after completion of the work. In the counter claim item No. 1<\/p>\n
enumerates 14 different items of departmental materials which are alleged to have remained in excess with the contractor and not returned by him. The value of the said materials is estimated at Rs. 82,330.76 and as per stipulation in the agreement, together with penalty of 5 times, the total amount claimed is Rs. 4,11,570\/-. Counter claim No. 2 is for interest on the aforesaid amount. In item No. 25 of the claim petition these alleged excesses in the departmental material issued has been denied and it is asserted that departmental materials issued have been fully consumed in the work. Though in the counter claim. 14 items were mentioned during the course of the proceeding, the respondents modified and reduced their claim to cement. M. S. Rods, coal, paint and asphalt, turpentine. D. B, Oil and empty cement bags. They also modified and reduced the quantities originally alleged. After considering the material placed before me and perusal of the documents sought to be relied upon by the respondents I reject the counter claim of any excess material having been left with claimant petitioner. It follows that respondents are not entitled to recover any amount towards such excess material as made out in their counter claim and much less any interest on the value of the same.”\n<\/p>\n
 In view of what has been stated above, the criticism of learned Additional Government Advocate that the arbitrator rejected the counter claim without any discussion is uncharitable. The arbitrator is entitled to give reasons, but there is no obligation for him to support his conclusion in favour of or against a
\nparty by giving reason. I must, therefore, hold that the tenability of the counter claim had been duly dealt with by the arbitrator and he has found that the counter claim has no justification. Keeping the nature of the award in view. I do not think it is open to the State to raise any further challenge to the finding.\n<\/p>\n
 5. According to learned Additional Government Advocate, this is a case where same payment had been made to the contractor. It is maintained that the contractor laid claim in respect of certain items for which he had once been paid. The manner in which the claim has been treated, according to learn-\n<\/p>\n
ed Additional Government Advocate, yields room for the same claim to have been taken into account more than once and, therefore, it cannot be ruled out that the claimant has not received payment on more than one occasion for the same head. I suggested to learned Additional Government Advocate to demonstrate with reference to actual record whether there is any foundation for the allegation. There is nothing on record which yields scope for the foundation of the argument. I, therefore, do not think, there is any merit in the contention even if such a contention was maintainable.\n<\/p>\n
 6. It was the next contention of learned Additional Government Advocate that there has been enhancement of the claim in the midst of the proceeding. According to him, the rate at which the claim has been allowed is higher than the contractual rate. Since this is an unreasoned award, the contention of learned Additional Government Advocate is not verifiable from the record and I do not find there is any mistake on the face of the award on that score.\n<\/p>\n
 7.    The   last   contention     is  in  regard to  payment  of  interest.    According     to learned  Additional  Government     Advocate,   the   Arbitrator  has  no  jurisdiction to  award  interest  for  the  period     prior to the raising of the dispute and he has also   no  jurisdiction   to   award     interest for   the pendente lite period unless there be  provision  in  the     agreement,     claim for  interest  is  covered  by  statute such as   the   Interest   Act,   or   the   question   of payment of interest has been specifically referred  to for decision  of the  arbitrator.     He  has   placed  reliance  on     three decisions of the Supreme    Court    being Firm  Madanlal     Roshanlal     Mahaian v. Hukumchand  Mills    Ltd.    Indore.     AIR<\/a> 1967    SC     1030:     Union     of    India    v. Bungo  Steel   Furniture  Pvt.   Ltd.,     AIR<\/a> 1967 SC 1032:  and the State of Madhya Pradesh  v.   M\/s.   Saith  and  Skelton   (P) Ltd.,   AIR<\/a>   1972     SC     1507.     In     Firm Madanlal Roshanlal Mahajan’s case (AIR 1967  SC   1030),   the  Court explained the earlier decision in Thawardas Pherumal v. Union of India, AIR<\/a> 1955 SC 468, by saying :– (At p.  1032)
\n  “………But.   in  later  cases,  this Court
\nhas pointed out that the observations in Thawardas’s case (1955) 2 SCR 48 : (AIR 1955 SC 468), were not intended to lav down such a broad and unqualifi-\n<\/p>\n
ed   proposition,   see   Nachiappa   Chettiar v.  Subramaniam Chettiar.<\/a>  (1960)  2 SCR 209     at  p.   238 : (AIR   1960  SC   307  at p.  320). Satinder Singh v. Umrao Singh. (1961)   3  SCR  676  at  p.   695 :  (AIR  1961 SC  908.   at  p.   916).    The  relevant facts regarding the claim for interest in Thawardas’s    case     (1955) 2 SCR 48 :  (AIR 1955 SC 468). will be found (at Pp. 477 to 478 of AIR) and in Paras.  2,  17 and 24  of the  judgment  of  the  Patna  High Court      reported  in   Union   of  India  v. Premchand   Satram   Das,   AIR   1951   Pat 201   at     Pp.     204-205.    The     arbitrator awarded       interest       on       unliquidated damages   for   a   period   before   the     reference   to   arbitration   and   also   for   a period subsequent to the reference.    The High Court set aside  the award regarding   interest      on   the   ground   that   the claim   for   interest   was   not   referred  to arbitration   and   the   arbitrator   had   no jurisdiction   to  entertain   the   claim.     In this   Court,   counsel  for     the     claimant contended that the arbitrator had statutory  power  under     the  Interest Act of 1839 to  award the interest  and, in  any event,   he  had  power  to  award  interest during  the  pendency  of  the  arbitration proceedings     under     Section 34 of the Code  of  Civil  Procedure.      1908.     Bose. J.   rejected   this  contention.    It  will  be noticed that the judgment of this Court in Thawardas’s case,   (1955) 2 SCR 48 : (AIR 1955 SC 468), is silent on the question whether the  arbitrator     can award interest   during   the   pendency   of   arbitration  proceedings if the claim regarding interest  is  referred     to arbitration. In  the present  case,  all the disputes in the suit were referred to the arbitrator for   his   decision.     One   of   the   disputes in the suit was whether the respondent was     entitled  to pendente  lite  interest. The  arbitrator  could  decide the  dispute and   he   could   award   pendente   lite  interest just as a court could do so under Section 34 of the  Code of Civil  Procedure.    Though,  in  terms.   Section 34 of the   Code   of   Civil   Procedure   does   not apply to arbitrations, it was an implied term  of  the   reference  in  the suit  that the  arbitrator would decide the dispute according to law and would give    such relief with   regard  to  pendente  lite  interest as the Court could give if it decided  the  dispute.     This   power   of  the arbitrator     was  not   fettered  either  by the     arbitration     agreement or by the Arbitration Act, 1940…………”\n<\/p>\n
 In Union of India    v.  Bungo    Steel Furniture   Private   Ltd.,   AIR<\/a>   1967   SC 1032,   the Court     referred to the same decision in AIR 1955 SC 468 and observed ;-- (at p.  1035)  \n  \".........but  it   should   be  noticed   that\nthe judgment of this  Court in Thawardas's case (1955) 2 SCR 48 : (AIR 1955 SC 4681,  does not  deal  with the     question whether   the   arbitrator   can   award   interest subsequent to the passing of the award  if the  claim  regarding     interest was   referred     to     arbitration.     In  the present  case.      all  the  disputes   in   the suit,   including the  question  of interest, were  referred  to the  arbitrator  for  his decision.   In   our  opinion,   the   arbitrator had  jurisdiction,  in the  present  case, to grant interest    on    the    amount    of the award  from the  date   of  the  award till the date of the decree granted by Mallick. J.   The  reason  is that  it is  an implied   term   of   the    reference    that the arbitrator   will      decide   the   dispute according   to   existing   law   and   give such relief with regard to interest as a Court could  give  if it    decided    the    dispute. Though,   in   terms,     Section 34 of the Code of   Civil   Procedure   does   not apply to arbitration proceedings,   the principle of that section  will  be  applied  by    the arbitrator     for     awarding     interest     in cases   where   a   Court   of  law   in   a suit having jurisdiction of the subject-matter covered   by      Section 34 could   grant a decree  for interest.,....\" \n \n\n In the case of State of Madhya Pradesh v. Saith and Skelton (P) Ltd., (AIR<\/a> 1972 SC 1507), the Supreme Court observed (at page 1514):-- \n   \n\n \"From the decision in (1967) 1 SCR 105 : (AIR 1967 SC 1030) it is clear that if all the disputes are referred for arbitration, the arbitrator has power to award interest pendente lite. i.e. during the pendency of the arbitration proceedings. \n \n\n<\/pre>\n
 In the case before us there is no controversy that all the disputes including a claim for payment of the amount with interest was referred to the arbitrator. The arbitrator, as pointed out earlier, found that the firm was entitled to the payment as price in the sum of Rs. 1,79,653.18 p. The arbitrator has further found that this amount became payable as balance price for the goods supplied by the firm on June 7, 1958 on which date the final inspection took place. If that is so. Section 61 of the Sale of Goods Act. 1930 squarely applies and it saves the right of the seller (in this case the firm) to recover interest,
\nwhere  by  law   interest  is  recoverable…\n<\/p>\n
……”\n<\/p>\n
 Relying   on   these     decisions,     learned Additional   Government    Advocate     contended    that in the    absence    of    clear proof that the claim of interest had also been  referred  to  arbitration,   the    arbitrator  could not  have  awarded interest, On the other hand,  Mr.    Palit    for the claimant-respondent     has  relied   upon a decision  of  the   Supreme   Court    in the case of  Ashok Construction    Co. v. Union of India,   (1970) SCD 530.    where Shah. J. as the learned Judge then was spoke   for a  Bench    of    three    learned Judges thus :–\n<\/p>\n
  “……In the view of the Deputy Commissioner under Clause 25 of the arbitration agreement, the arbitrator was not empowered to go into the questions of loss of goodwill, or damages by way of interest, and that the arbitrator could not award interest, by way of damages for detention of money and that is really what the claim for damages amounts to’. The appellants made a claim for interest on the amount withheld after the due date and the arbitrator was competent to decide that claim. The arbitration agreement by Clause 25 provides :–\n<\/p>\n
  ‘Except where otherwise provided in the contract all questions and disputes relating to the meaning of the specifications, designs, drawings and instructions hereinbefore mentioned and as to the quality of workmanship or materials used on the work or as to any other questions, claim, right, matter or thing, whatsoever, in any way arising out of or relating to the contract, designs, drawings, specifications, estimates, instructions, orders or these conditions or otherwise concerning the works or the execution or failure to execute the same whatever, arising during the progress of the work or after the completion or abandonment thereof shall be referred to the sole arbitration of the Superintending Engineer…..’ <\/p>\n
 The terms of the arbitration agreement did not exclude the jurisdiction of the arbitrator to entertain a claim for interest, on the amount due under the contract. The award of the arbitrator cannot be said to be invalid,”\n<\/p>\n
 Relying on these observations    of the
\nSupreme Court in Ashok Construction Company’s case, there have been a series of decisions in this Court that unless there be clear exclusion, the arbitrator would have jurisdiction to entertain a claim for interest. I am inclined to think that on the basis of this clear decision, the award of interest for the period from the date of detention of the monev up to the raisins of the claim as also for the period the arbitrator was in season of the proceeding was tenable and the award was not vitiated on that account.\n<\/p>\n
 8. Learned Additional Government Advocate thereafter sought leave to raise a further contention which had not been raised in the court below, namely that the arbitrator had no jurisdiction at all to arbitrate and the award made was illegal, inasmuch as, it was not a joint reference to him. In support of this proposition reliance his been placed on the observations of the Supreme Court in Thawardas’s case (AIR 1955 SC 468) and a Bench decision of the Delhi High Court in Madhubala Pvt. Ltd. v. Naaz Cinema, AIR 1972 Delhi 263 as also a Bench decision of the Madhya Pradesh High Court in the case of Dilip Construction Co. v. Hindustan Steel Ltd., AIR 1973 Madh Pra 261. The Supreme Court observed in Thawardas’s case (AIR 1955 SC 468) fat pages 469-70) :–\n<\/p>\n
 “A reference requires the assent of both sides. If one side is not prepared to submit a given matter to arbitration when there is an agreement between them that it should be referred, then recourse must be had to the Court under Section 20 of the Act and the recalcitrant party can then be compelled to submit the matter under Sub-section (4).\n<\/p>\n
 In the absence of either, agreement by both sides about the terms of reference, or an order of the Court under Section 20(4) compelling a reference the arbitrator is not vested with the necessary exclusive jurisdiction. <\/p>\n
\n \n\n Therefore, when a question of law is the point at issue, unless both sides specifically agree to refer it and agree\nto be bound by the arbitrator's decision, the jurisdiction of the Courts to set an arbitration right when the error is apparent on the face of the award is not ousted. The mere fact that both parties\n\nsubmit incidental    arguments    about    a point of law in the course of the proceedings is not enough......\"  \n \n\n<\/pre>\n
 Relying on these observations of the Supreme Court, the Delhi High Court in Madhubala’s case (AIR 1972 Delhi 263) took the view that the appellant before it had assented to the terms of reference. In the Madhya Pradesh case (AIR 1973 Madh Pra 261), the Court held (at p. 265) :–\n<\/p>\n
 “(i) The existence of a difference or dispute is an essential condition for the arbitrator’s jurisdiction to act under an arbitration Clause in an agreement;\n<\/p>\n
 (ii) The jurisdiction of an arbitrator depends not upon the existence of a claim or the accrual of a cause of action, but upon the existence of a dispute. A dispute implies an assertion of a right by one party and repudiation thereof by another;\n<\/p>\n
 (iii) A failure to pay is not a difference, and the mere fact that a party could not or would not pay does not in itself amount to a dispute unless the party who chooses not to pay raises a point of controversy regarding, for instance, the basis of payment or the time or manner of payment.”\n<\/p>\n
  The Court referred to a later decision of the Supreme Court in the case of Khardah Co. Ltd. v. Raymon and Co. (India) Pvt. Ltd., AIR<\/a> 1962 SC 1810, where it was observed (at pages 1815-16) :–\n<\/p>\n
  “……But  what  confers  jurisdiction on
\nthe  arbitrators  to    hear    and    decide a dispute  is an   arbitration      agreement as defined in Section  2(a)  of the Arbitration  Act,   and where there    is no    such agreement,   there   is an   initial   want of jurisdiction   which   cannot   be   cured by acquiescence.    It may  also be  mentioned that the  decision in    (1860)    30    LJ Bey   10  has  been  understood  as  an authority   for   the   position   that  when one of the parties to the submission is under a disability   that  will   not   be a   ground on which  the  other  party  can    dispute the award if he was aware of it.    Vide Russel   on    Arbitration.     16th.    Edition, 320……”\n<\/p>\n
 After quoting from the Supreme Court, the Madhya Pradesh High Court proceeded to say (at p. 267) :–\n<\/p>\n
  “When the respondent was not willing to join in the submission, the remedy of the appellant lay by way of an application under Section 20 of the Arbitration Act,…..”\n<\/p>\n
 and support for    this    observation    was drawn   from   Thawardas’s  case.\n<\/p>\n
 In the instant case, there was an arbitration Clause. An arbitrator was appointed to handle the dispute. Both parties were before this Court on an earlier occasion when the arbitrator was substituted. Before the arbitrator both parties participated in the deliberations. They jointly applied for extension of time, as the award was not ready within four months from the date of reference. A counter claim was raised bv the State requiring the arbitrator to go into that question. No objection at all was raised until the appeal was heard in this Court about want of jurisdiction of the arbitrator. In these circumstances I do not think, it would at all be appropriate to entertain the contention of learned Additional Government Advocate of want of arbitrator’s jurisdiction. On the other hand, the single Judge decision of this Court in the case of Union of India v. Radhanath Nanda, AIR 1961 Ori 143 and the Full Bench decision of the Patna High Court in the case of Bokaro and Ramaur Ltd. v. Dr. Prasun Kumar. AIR 1968 Pat 150 (FB) should be applied and the appellants should be held estopped from raising such a contention.\n<\/p>\n
 9. All the objections raised against the award having been overruled, this appeal is bound to fail and the same is accordingly dismissed with costs. Hearing fee is assessed at rupees two hundred .<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Orissa High Court State Of Orissa And Anr. vs Consolidated Construction … on 28 April, 1981 Equivalent citations: AIR 1981 Ori 166 Author: R Misra Bench: R Misra JUDGMENT R.N. Misra, C.J. 1. This appeal under Section 39 of the Arbitration Act calls in question the decision of the learned Subordinate Judge of Bhubaneswar by […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-158973","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-high-court","category-orissa-high-court"],"yoast_head":"\nState Of Orissa And Anr. vs Consolidated Construction ... on 28 April, 1981 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/state-of-orissa-and-anr-vs-consolidated-construction-on-28-april-1981\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"State Of Orissa And Anr. vs Consolidated Construction ... on 28 April, 1981 - 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