{"id":163474,"date":"1993-04-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1993-04-26T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/union-of-india-and-ors-vs-s-l-abbas-on-27-april-1993"},"modified":"2016-12-01T06:40:53","modified_gmt":"2016-12-01T01:10:53","slug":"union-of-india-and-ors-vs-s-l-abbas-on-27-april-1993","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/union-of-india-and-ors-vs-s-l-abbas-on-27-april-1993","title":{"rendered":"Union Of India And Ors vs S.L. Abbas on 27 April, 1993"},"content":{"rendered":"
Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n
Union Of India And Ors vs S.L. Abbas on 27 April, 1993<\/div>\n
Equivalent citations: 1993 AIR 2444, \t\t 1993 SCR (3) 427<\/div>\n
Author: B Jeevan Reddy<\/div>\n
Bench: Jeevan Reddy, B.P. (J)<\/div>\n
           PETITIONER:\nUNION OF INDIA AND ORS.\n\n\tVs.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nS.L. ABBAS\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT27\/04\/1993\n\nBENCH:\nJEEVAN REDDY, B.P. (J)\nBENCH:\nJEEVAN REDDY, B.P. (J)\nVERMA, JAGDISH SARAN (J)\n\nCITATION:\n 1993 AIR 2444\t\t  1993 SCR  (3) 427\n 1993 SCC  (4) 357\t  JT 1993 (3)\t678\n 1993 SCALE  (2)718\n\n\nACT:\n%\nCivil Services:\nFundamental  Rules  11\tand  15-Transfer  of  a\t  Government\nservant-When   can  be\tquestioned  in\t a   Court\/Tribunal-\nGuidelines  issued  by\tGovernment-Whether  have   statutory\nforce.\nConstitution of India,1950\/Central Administrative  Tribunals\nAct, 1985:\nArticle\t   323-A\/Section    14-Jurisdiction    of    Central\nAdministrative\tTribunal-Exercise  of-Whether  Tribunal\t can\ninterfere with an order of Transfer.\n\n\n\nHEADNOTE:\nThe  respondent,  a  Central Government\t employee,  who\t was\ntransferred from one place to another, challenged the  order\nof transfer on the grounds that: his wife was also  employed\nat  the\t same  place in a  Central  Government\toffice;\t his\nchildren  were also studying there; he himself had  suffered\nbackbone  fracture  injuries some time ago;  the  guidelines\ncontained in Government of India O.M. dated 3.4.1986 had not\nbeen  kept in mind while ordering his transfer;\t some  other\nofficials,  who\t had been serving at the same  place  for  a\nlonger\tperiod\tthan  the respondent  had  been\t allowed  to\ncontinue  and  his transfer was due to the mischief  of\t his\nControlling Officer.\nIn  the\t counter-affidavit filed by the appellants,  it\t was\nsubmitted  that the transfer was ordered  on  administrative\ngrounds and was unexceptionable.,\nA  Single  Member  of the  Central  Administrative  Tribunal\nquashed\t the order of transfer on the ground that the  power\nof transfer was not an unfettered one, but was circumscribed\nby   various   circulars\/  guidelines\tcontained   in\t the\nadministrative instructions issued by the Government and  an\norder\tof   transfer  could  be  interdicted  if   it\t was\ndiscriminatory,\t that in the matter of considering  transfer\nof  an\tindividual  officer,  the  Office  Memorandum  dated\n3.4.1986, educational dislocation of the children and health\nground,if  present deserved special consideration  and\tthat\nin  view  of  the facts and circumstances of  the  case\t the\ntransfer order in question in respect of the respondent\t was\nmala fide.\n428\nAllowing  the  appeal, preferred by the Union of  India\t and\nothers, this Court,\nHELD:\t  1.1  An  order  of transfer  is  an  incidence  of\nGovernment  servie.   Who should be transferred where  is  a\nmatter for the appropriate authority to decide.\t Unless\t the\norder  of  transfer is vitiated by malafides or is  made  in\nviolation   of\tstatutory  provisions,\tthe   Court   cannot\ninterfere  with it.  There is no doubt that, while  ordering\nthe transfer the authority must keep in mind the  guidelines\nissued\tby the Government on the subject.  Similarly,  if  a\nperson\t makes\tany  representation  with  respect  to\t his\ntransfer,  the appropriate authority must consider the\tsame\nhaving\tregard\tto the exigencies  of  administration.\t The\nguidelines say that as far as possible, the husband and\t the\nwife must be posted at the same place.\tThe said  guideline,\nhowever,  does\tnot confer upon the  government\t employee  a\nlegally enforceable right.  Executive instructions issued by\nthe Government are in the nature of guidelines.\t They do not\nhave statutory force. [430-C-E]\n1.2. There  is no dispute that the respondent is  liable  to\ntransfer  anywhere  in\tIndia.\tIt is not the  case  of\t the\nrespondent  that the order of his transfer was\tvitiated  by\nmala  fides on the part of the authority making\t the  order,\nthough\t the  Tribunal\tsays  so,  merely  because   certain\nguidelines  issued  by\tthe  Central  Government  were\t not\nfollowed.   The\t immediate superior of\tunit,  against\twhom\nmischief had been attributed by the respondent, has  nothing\nto do with his transfer. [430-F]\n2.1. The jurisdiction of the Central Administrative Tribunal\nis akin to the jurisdiction of the High Court under  Article\n226  of the Constitution of India in service matters, as  is\nevident\t from  Article\t323-A  of  the\tConstitution.\t The\nconstraints  and norms which the High Court  observes  while\nexercising  the\t said  jurisdiction  apply  equally  to\t the\nTribunal  created  under Article  323A.\t The  Administrative\nTribunal  is not an Appellate Authority sitting in  judgment\nover  the order; of transfer.  It cannot substitute its\t own\njudgment  for that of the authority competent  to  transfer.\n[430-H,431 -A]\n2.2. In\t the instant case, the Tribunal has dearly  exceeded\nits jurisdiction in interfering with the order of  transfer.\nThe  order  of the Tribunal reads as if it were\t sifting  in\nappeal\tover  the  order  of transfer  made  by\t the  Senior\nAdministrative Officer (competent authority). [431-B]\nBank  of India v. Jagjit Singh Mehta,<\/a> [1992] 1\tS.C.C.\t306,\nexplained.\n429\n\n\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 2348 of 1993.
\nFrom  the Judgment and Order dated 13.7.1992 of the  Central
\nAdministrative Tribunal, Guahati in O.A. No. 33\/91.
\nMs.  K. Amareswari, B.P. Sarathy and C.V. Subba Rao for\t the
\nAppellants.\n<\/p>\n
P.K.  Goswami,\tKailash\t Vasdev, Ms. Lira  Goswami  and\t Ms.
\nAlpana Poddar for the Respondent.\n<\/p>\n
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
\nB.P. JEEVAN REDDY, J. Heard counsel for the parties.   Leave
\ngranted.\n<\/p>\n
Respondent  is\ta  Garden  Curator  in\tthe  Office  of\t the
\nScientist-SE,  Botanical  Survey of India,  Eastern  Circle,
\nShillong.    By\t order\tdated  January\t29,  1991   he\t was
\ntransferred  from Shillong to Pauri (Uttar Pradesh)  by\t the
\nSenior\tAdministrative\tOfficer,  office  of  the  Director,
\nBotanical  Survey  of India, (Ministry\tof  Environment\t and
\nForests,  Government of India).\t As many as 19 persons\twere
\ntransferred  under the said order including the\t respondent.
\nThe  respondent has been working in Shillong since the\tyear
\n1979.\n<\/p>\n
The  respondent approached the Gauhati Bench of the  Central
\nAdministrative\tTribunal  (Original Application\t No.  33  of
\n1991)  questioning the order of his transfer.  He  submitted
\nthat his wife is also employed at Shillong in and off-ice of
\nthe  Central Government, that his children are\tstudying  at
\nShillong and further that he himself had suffered  back-bone
\nfracture  injuries  some  time ago. He\tsubmitted  that\t the
\nguidelines  contained  in  Government of  India\t O.M.  dated
\n3.4.1986  have\tnot  been kept in mind\twhile  ordering\t his
\ntransfer. tie complained that some other officials who\thave
\nbeen  serving  at Shillong for a longer\t period,  have\tbeen
\nallowed\t to continue at Shillong.  He attributed  ‘mischief’
\nto   his  Controller  Officer,\tShri  B.M.   Wadhwa   (third
\nrespondent in the O.M.).\n<\/p>\n
In  the\t counter affidavit filed by  the  respondents,\tthey
\nsubmitted  that the transfer was ordered  on  administrative
\ngrounds and is unexceptionable.\n<\/p>\n
The  learned  Single Member of\tthe  Central  Administrative
\nTribunal  quashed  the order of transfer  on  the  following
\nreasoning:  the decisions of the Courts establish  that\t the
\npower\tof  transfer  is  not  an  unfettered  one  but\t  is
\ncircumscribed  by various circulars\/guidelines contained  in
\nthe administrative instructions issued
\n430<\/span>
\nby the Government.  An order of transfer can be\t interdicted
\nif it is discriminatory.  The said principles are applicable
\nto  the case of the respondent.\t Further “in the  matter  of
\nconsidering  transfer of an individual officer,\t the  Office
\nMemorandum  dated 3.4.1986, educational dislocation  of\t the
\nchildren and health ground, if all present, deserve  special
\nconsideration  not  to pass the order.” Having said  so\t the
\nlearned\t Member recorded the following finding: “In view  of
\nthe  above facts and circumstances and findings it  is\theld
\nunhesitatingly\tthat the transfer order no.   BSI.  80\/5\/80-
\nEstt. dated 29.1.1991 in respect of applicant S.L.Abbas\t was
\nmalafide  and liable to be quashed.” The Union of India\t has
\npreferred this appeal.\n<\/p>\n
An  order of transfer is an incident of Government  Service.
\nFundamental  Rule  11  says  that  “the\t whole\ttime  of   a
\nGovernment  servant  is at the disposal\t of  the  Government
\nwhich pays him and he may be employed in any manner required
\nby  proper authority”.\tFundemental Rule 15 says  that\t“the
\nPresident may transfer a government servant from one post to
\nanother”.   That  the  respondent  is  liable  to   transfer
\nanywhere in India is not in dispute.  It is not the case  of
\nthe  respondent\t that order of his transfer is\tvitiated  by
\nmala  fides on the part of the authority making the  order,-
\nthough\tthe  Tribunal  does say so  merely  because  certain
\nguidelines   issued  by\t the  Central  Government  are\t not
\nfollowed,  with\t which\tfinding we  shall  deal\t later.\t The
\nrespondent attributed”mischief”to his immediate superior who
\nhad nothing to do with his transfer. All he says is that  he
\nshould not be transferred     because his wife is working at
\nshillong,  his children are studying there and also  because
\nhis health had suffered a set-back some time ago. He  relies
\nupon certain executive instructions issued by the Government
\nin  that  behalf. Those instructions are in  the  nature  of
\nguidelines. They do not have statutory force.
\nWho  should  be\t transferred  where, is\t a  matter  for\t the
\nappropriate  authority\tto  decide.  Unless  the  order\t  of
\ntransfer is vitiated by malafides or is made in violation of
\nany  statutory provisions, the Court cannot  interfere\twith
\nit.  While  ordering the transfer, there is  no\t doubt,\t the
\nauthority must keep in mind the guidelines issued      by
\nthe  Government on the subject. Similarly if a person  makes
\nany  representation  with  respect  to\this  transfer,\t the
\nappropriate  authority must consider the same having  regard
\nto the exigencies of administration. The guidelines say that
\nas  far as possible, husband and wife must be posted at\t the
\nsame place. The said guideline however does not confer\tupon
\nthe government employee a legally enforceable right.\n<\/p>\n
     The   jurisdication  of  the   Central   Administrative
\nTribunal is akin to the jurisdiction of the High Court under
\nArticle 226 of the constitution of India in service matters.
\nThis  is  evident  from a persual of Article  323-A  of\t the
\nconstitution. The constraints and norms which the High Court
\nobserves while exercising the
\n431<\/span>
\nsaid  jurisdiction  apply equally to  the  Tribunal  created
\nunder  Article\t323-A. (We find it all the  more  surprising
\nthat the learned Single Member who passed the impugned order
\nis a former Judge of the High Court and is thus aware of the
\nnorms  and  constraints\t of  the  writ\tjurisdiction.)\t The
\nAdministrative\tTribunal  is  not  an  Appellate   Authority
\nsitting in judgment over the orders of transfer.  It  cannot
\nsubstitute  its\t own  judgment for  that  of  the  authority
\ncompetent  to  transfer.   In this  case  the  Tribunal\t has
\nclearly\t exceeded its jurisdiction in interfering  with\t the
\norder of transfer.  The order of the Tribunal reads as if it
\nwere  sitting in appeal over the order of transfer  made  by
\nthe Senior Administrative Officer (competent authority).
\nShri Goswami, learned counsel for the respondent relies upon
\nthe decision of this Court in Bank of India v. Jagjit  Singh
\nMehta<\/a> [1992] 1 S.C.C.306 rendered by a Bench of which one of
\nus  (J.S.  VermaJ.)  was  a member.  On\t a  perusal  of\t the
\njudgment, we do not think it supports the respondent in\t any
\nmanner.\t It is observed therein:\n<\/p>\n
“There\tcan  be\t no  doubt that ordinarily  and\t as  far  as
\npracticable  the  husband  and wife who\t are  both  employed
\nshould be posted at the same station even if their employers
\nbe different.  The desirability of such a course is obvious.
\nHowever,  this\tdoes not mean that their  place\t of  posting
\nshould invariably be one of their choice, even though  their
\npreference  may\t be  taken into\t account  while\t making\t the
\ndecision  in accordance with the administrative\t needs.\t  In
\nthe case of all-India services, the hardship resulting\tfrom
\nthe   two  being  posted  at  different\t stations   may\t  be
\nunavoidable  at\t times\tparticularly  when  they  belong  to
\ndifferent services and one of them cannot be transferred  to
\nthe place of the other’s posting.  While choosing the career
\nand  a particular service, the couple have to bear  in\tmind
\nthis  factor and be prepared to face such a hardship if\t the
\nadministrative\tneeds and transfer policy do not permit\t the
\nposting\t of  both  at one place\t without  sacrifice  of\t the
\nrequirements  of  the  administration  and  needs  of  other
\nemployees.   In\t such a case the couple have to\t make  their
\nchoice at the threshold between career prospects and  family
\nlife.\tAfter giving preference to the career  prospects  by
\naccepting  such\t a promotion or any appointment in  an\tall-
\nIndia service with the incident of transfer to any place  in
\nIndia, subordinating the need of the couple living  together
\nat one station,’they cannot as-of right claim to be relieved
\nof  the\t ordinary incidents of all-India service  and  avoid
\ntransfer to a different place on the ground that-the spouses
\n\t      thereby\t would-be   posted   at\t   different
\n\t      places……………………………………..
\n\t      No doubt
\n432<\/span>
\nthe guidelines requires the two spouses to he posted at\t one
\npi”  as\t far  as  practicable, but that does not enable\t any
\n\t      spouse to claim such a posting as of right  if
\n\t      the  departmental authorities do not  consider
\n\t      it feasible.  The only thing required is\tthat
\n\t      the  departmental authorities should  consider
\n\t\t\t    this  aspect  along\t with  the  exigencies\tof
\n\t      administration  and enable the two spouses  to
\n\t      live together at one station if it is possible
\n\t      without  any detriment to\t the  administrative
\n\t      needs and the claim of other employees.”\n<\/p>\n
(emphasis added)
\nThe   said  observations  in  fact  tend  to  negative\t the
\nrespondent’s  contentions instead of supporting\t them.\t The
\njudgment  also does not support the Respondents’  contention
\nthat  if  such\tan order is questioned in  a  Court  or\t the
\nTribunal,  the authority is obliged to justify the  transfer
\nby adducing the reasons therefor.  It does not also say that
\nthe  Court or the Tribunal can quash the order of  transfer,
\nif any of the administrative instructions\/guidelines are not
\nfollowed,  much less can it be charactrised as malafide\t for
\nthat  reason.\tTo reiterate, the order of transfer  can  be
\nquestioned  in a court or Tribunal only where it  is  passed
\nmalafide  or where it is made in violation of the  statutory
\nprovisions.\n<\/p>\n
For the above reasons, the appeal is allowed.  The  judgment
\nunder  appeal is set aside.  There shall be no order  as  to
\ncosts.\n<\/p>\n
N.P.V.\t\t\t\t\t    Appeal Allowed.\n433<\/span>\n\n\n\n<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Supreme Court of India Union Of India And Ors vs S.L. Abbas on 27 April, 1993 Equivalent citations: 1993 AIR 2444, 1993 SCR (3) 427 Author: B Jeevan Reddy Bench: Jeevan Reddy, B.P. (J) PETITIONER: UNION OF INDIA AND ORS. Vs. RESPONDENT: S.L. ABBAS DATE OF JUDGMENT27\/04\/1993 BENCH: JEEVAN REDDY, B.P. (J) BENCH: JEEVAN REDDY, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-163474","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"\nUnion Of India And Ors vs S.L. 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