{"id":163741,"date":"1994-12-02T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1994-12-01T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/l-chandra-kumar-vs-union-of-india-and-others-on-2-december-1994"},"modified":"2016-07-14T15:10:45","modified_gmt":"2016-07-14T09:40:45","slug":"l-chandra-kumar-vs-union-of-india-and-others-on-2-december-1994","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/l-chandra-kumar-vs-union-of-india-and-others-on-2-december-1994","title":{"rendered":"L. Chandra Kumar vs Union Of India And Others on 2 December, 1994"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">L. Chandra Kumar vs Union Of India And Others on 2 December, 1994<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_citations\">Equivalent citations: 1995 AIR 1151, \t\t  1995 SCC  (1) 400<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: K Singh<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: Kuldip Singh (J)<\/div>\n<pre>           PETITIONER:\nL. CHANDRA KUMAR\n\n\tVs.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nUNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT02\/12\/1994\n\nBENCH:\nKULDIP SINGH (J)\nBENCH:\nKULDIP SINGH (J)\nHANSARIA B.L. (J)\nMAJMUDAR S.B. (J)\n\nCITATION:\n 1995 AIR 1151\t\t  1995 SCC  (1) 400\n JT 1995 (1)   454\t  1994 SCALE  (5)72\n\n\nACT:\n\n\n\nHEADNOTE:\n\n\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>ORDER\n<\/p>\n<p>1.   The  challenge to the validity of Section 5(6)  of\t the<br \/>\nAdministrative Tribunals Act, 1985 (the &#8216;Act&#8217;) has  unmasked<br \/>\ngreater\t issues,  to  examine which, we\t have  come  to\t the<br \/>\nconclusion  that the judgment of this Court in\t<a href=\"\/doc\/1085310\/\">S.P  Sampath<br \/>\nKumar v. Union of India1<\/a> which is by a Constitution Bench of<br \/>\nfive  learned Judges, needs to be reconsidered by  a  larger<br \/>\nBench.\tOur reasons follow.\n<\/p>\n<p>2.   The  Constitution\t(Forty-second Amendment)  Act,\t1976<br \/>\ninserted  Part\tXIV-A  in the  Constitution  which  contains<br \/>\nArticles  323-A\t and  323-B.   These  articles\tconceive  of<br \/>\nsetting\t up  of various tribunals  as  adjudicatory  bodies.<br \/>\nThey,  inter alia, contain provisions which enable not\tonly<br \/>\nParliament  but\t even  State  Legislatures  to\texclude\t the<br \/>\njurisdiction  of all courts except that of this Court  under<br \/>\nArticle\t 136  with  respect to matters\tfalling\t within\t the<br \/>\njurisdiction of the tribunals concerned.  The Act came to be<br \/>\nenacted by Parliament in exercise of the powers conferred on<br \/>\nit  by Article 323-A of the Constitution.  The vires of\t the<br \/>\nAct  was  challenged before this Court which was  upheld  in<br \/>\nSampath Kumar case1.\n<\/p>\n<p>3.   While  upholding the validity of Section 28 of the\t Act<br \/>\nin  Sampath  Kumar case&#8217; this Court took the view  that\t the<br \/>\npower  of  judicial review need not always be  exercised  by<br \/>\nregular\t courts and the same can be exercised by an  equally<br \/>\nefficacious   alternative  mechanism.\tApart  from   making<br \/>\nsuggestions relating to the eligibility etc. of the  persons<br \/>\nwho could be appointed as Chairman, Vice-Chairman or Members<br \/>\nof  the Tribunal this Court stated that every Bench  of\t the<br \/>\nTribunal  should  consist  of one Judicial  Member  and\t one<br \/>\nAdministrative Member.\n<\/p>\n<p>4.   The primary reason, according to us, for having a fresh<br \/>\nlook  at the issues involved in Sampath Kumar case1  is\t the<br \/>\nobservations  of  the Bench therein by which  the  tribunals<br \/>\nhave  been equated with the High Courts.  A two-Judge  Bench<br \/>\nof this Court in <a href=\"\/doc\/917853\/\">J.B. Chopra v. Union of India2<\/a> relying upon<br \/>\nSampath\t Kumar1\t has  held  that  the  Tribunals  have\t the<br \/>\njurisdiction,  power and authority even to  adjudicate\tupon<br \/>\nquestions  pertaining  to  the\tconstitutional\tvalidity  or<br \/>\notherwise  of a rule framed by the President of India  under<br \/>\nthe  proviso to Article 309 of the Constitution.   They\t can<br \/>\neven  adjudicate on the vires of the Acts of Parliament\t and<br \/>\nState  Legislatures.   Section 5(6) of the  Act\t gives\tthis<br \/>\npower, if the Chairman of the Tribunal so desires, even to a<br \/>\nsingle Administrative Member.  It is a different matter that<br \/>\nno  Chairman would like to do so; but that has no  relevance<br \/>\nwhile examining the validity of the sub-section which  reads<br \/>\nas below:\n<\/p>\n<pre>1    (1987) 1 SCC 124\n2    (1987) 1 SCC 422 : AIR 1987 SC 357\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">402<\/span>\n<\/pre>\n<p>\t      &#8220;Notwithstanding\tanything  contained  in\t the<br \/>\n\t      foregoing provisions of this section, it shall<br \/>\n\t      be  competent  for the Chairman or  any  other<br \/>\n\t      Member  authorised  by the  Chairman  in\tthis<br \/>\n\t      behalf to function as a Bench consisting of  a<br \/>\n\t      Single  Member and exercise the  jurisdiction,<br \/>\n\t      powers  and  authority  of  the  Tribunal\t  in<br \/>\n\t      respect  of  such\t classes of  cases  or\tsuch<br \/>\n\t      matters pertaining to such classes of cases as<br \/>\n\t      the  Chairman may by general or special  order<br \/>\n\t      specify:\n<\/p>\n<p>\t      Provided\tthat if at any stage of the  hearing<br \/>\n\t      of  any such case or matter it appears to\t the<br \/>\n\t      Chairman\tor  such  Member that  the  case  or<br \/>\n\t      matter is of such a nature that it ought to be<br \/>\n\t      heard by a Bench consisting of two Members the<br \/>\n\t      case  or\tmatter\tmay be\ttransferred  by\t the<br \/>\n\t      Chairman\tor, as the case may be, referred  to<br \/>\n\t      him  for\ttransfer  to,  such  Bench  as\t the<br \/>\n\t      Chairman may deem fit.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p>5.   <a href=\"\/doc\/737037\/\">In Amulya Chandra Kalita v. Union of India3<\/a> a two-Judge<br \/>\nBench  of this Court held that the Administrative Member  of<br \/>\nTribunal  alone is not competent to hear and decide a  case.<br \/>\nThis view was taken after referring to what has been pointed<br \/>\nout  in Sampath Kumar case1 requiring Bench of the  Tribunal<br \/>\nto  consist  of one Judicial Member and\t one  Administrative<br \/>\nMember\tfollowing which observation, the Act was amended  to<br \/>\nsay  so, vide its Section 5(2) as substituted by Act  19  of<br \/>\n1986.\tThe attention of the Bench deciding  Amulya  Chandra<br \/>\nKalita case3, however, was not invited to Section 5(6).\n<\/p>\n<p>6.   The aforesaid point came to be examined again; and this<br \/>\ntime  by a three-Judge Bench in Mahabal Ram v.\tICAR4.\t(The<br \/>\njudgment  was,\thowever,  rendered on  3-5-1991.)  When\t the<br \/>\nattention  of  this Bench was drawn to Section 5(6)  of\t the<br \/>\nAct, it opined that any matter involving questions of law or<br \/>\ninterpretation\t of  constitutional  provision\t should\t  be<br \/>\nassigned  to a two Member Bench and parties can request\t the<br \/>\nSingle\tMember to refer the matter to a larger Bench of\t two<br \/>\nMembers\t and  such request should  ordinarily  be  accepted.<br \/>\nPursuant  to these observations an order was passed  by\t the<br \/>\nChairman  of the Central Administrative Tribunal  on  18-12-<br \/>\n1991  which  is in consonance with the\tsame.\tIt  deserves<br \/>\nnotice\tthat in Mahabal Ram case4 there was no challenge  to<br \/>\nthe  validity  of  sub-section (6), but the  same  has\tbeen<br \/>\nassailed here.\n<\/p>\n<p>7.   Shri  Rama\t Jois,\tin assailing the  validity  of\tsub-<br \/>\nsection (6), has raised larger issues before us one of which<br \/>\nrelate\tto  the\t view  taken in\t Sampath  Kumar\t case1\tthat<br \/>\njudicial  power\t need  not always be  exercised\t by  regular<br \/>\ncourts.\t According to the learned counsel, this is  contrary<br \/>\nto the dicta laid down even in Kesavananda Bharati v.  State<br \/>\nof  Kerala5.  Indeed, this is the view which has been  taken<br \/>\nrecently  by  a Full Bench of Andhra Pradesh High  Court  in<br \/>\nSakinala  Harinath  v.\tState  of  A.p6\t For  the  sake\t  of<br \/>\ncompleteness it<br \/>\n3 (1991) 1 SCC 181  1991 SCC (L&amp;S) 145: (1990) 14 ATC 911<br \/>\n4 (1994) 2 SCC 401<br \/>\n5 (1973) 4 SCC 225 AIR 1973 SC 1461<br \/>\n6 (1994) 1 APLJ 1<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">403<\/span><br \/>\nmay  be\t mentioned that the decision in Sakinala6  has\tbeen<br \/>\nassailed  before this Court in CA No. 169 of 1994 which\t has<br \/>\nbeen referred to a Constitution Bench.\n<\/p>\n<p>8.Another  facet  of  the case focussed by  Shri  Rama\tJois<br \/>\nrelates to the equality of status between the Tribunals\t and<br \/>\nthe  High  Courts.   A note discordant to  that\t of  Sampath<br \/>\nKumar1\twas struck in this regard by a three Judge Bench  of<br \/>\nthis Court in <a href=\"\/doc\/1738908\/\">M.B. Majumdar v. Union of India7<\/a> holding\tthat<br \/>\nAdministrative\tTribunals  cannot be equated with  the\tHigh<br \/>\nCourts\tin all respect and they are not deemed High  Courts,<br \/>\nbecause of which Members of Tribunals cannot claim  equality<br \/>\nwith   High  Court  Judges  as\tregards\t pay  and   age\t  of<br \/>\nsuperannuation.\t  Mention  may also be made about  the\tview<br \/>\ntaken by this Court in <a href=\"\/doc\/1047201\/\">State of Orissa v. Bhagaban  Sarangi8<\/a><br \/>\nthat  a tribunal established under the Act is nonetheless  a<br \/>\ntribunal  and  it cannot side-track a decision of  the\tHigh<br \/>\nCourt concerned.\n<\/p>\n<p>9.It  would  not be out of place to refer to  a\t three-Judge<br \/>\nBench decision of this Court in <a href=\"\/doc\/1707104\/\">R.K. Jain v. Union of India9<\/a><br \/>\nin  which  need for the Members of the Tribunal\t (which\t was<br \/>\nCEGAT in that case set up with the aid of Article 323-B\t but<br \/>\nwhat  was stated therein would apply proprio vigore  to\t the<br \/>\nTribunal at hand) having adequate legal expertise,  judicial<br \/>\nexperience  and legal training was emphasised to enable\t the<br \/>\nTribunal  to  become  effective\t alternative   institutional<br \/>\nmechanism  and\tto  dispense  with  High  Courts&#8217;  power  of<br \/>\njudicial  review.  Ramaswamy, J., however, opined that\tsuch<br \/>\ntribunals  being creature of statutes can in no\t case  claim<br \/>\nthe status of the High Court or parity or as substitutes.\n<\/p>\n<p>10.The aforesaid post-Sampath Kumar1 cases do require in our<br \/>\nconsidered view, a fresh look by a larger Bench over all the<br \/>\nissues\tadjudicated  by this Court in  Sampath\tKumar  case1<br \/>\nincluding the question whether the Tribunal can at all\thave<br \/>\nan  Administrative Member on its Bench, if it were  to\thave<br \/>\nthe  power  of even deciding constitutional  validity  of  a<br \/>\nstatute\t  or  309  Rule,  as  conceded\tin   Chopra   case2.<br \/>\nExamination  of\t this aspect would be necessary\t to  instill<br \/>\nconfidence  in the minds of people (and litigants) which  is<br \/>\nthe greatest prop of the judiciary.\n<\/p>\n<p>11.Let\tthe  records  be placed\t before\t Hon&#8217;ble  the  Chief<br \/>\nJustice of India for constitution of an appropriate Bench.<br \/>\n7 (1990) 4 SCC 501 : 1991 SCC (L&amp;S) 233 : AIR 1990 SC 2263<br \/>\n8 (1995) 1 SCC 399<br \/>\n9 (1993) 4 SCC 119: 1993 SCC (L&amp;S) 1128 :(1993) 25 ATC 464<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">404<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India L. Chandra Kumar vs Union Of India And Others on 2 December, 1994 Equivalent citations: 1995 AIR 1151, 1995 SCC (1) 400 Author: K Singh Bench: Kuldip Singh (J) PETITIONER: L. CHANDRA KUMAR Vs. RESPONDENT: UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS DATE OF JUDGMENT02\/12\/1994 BENCH: KULDIP SINGH (J) BENCH: KULDIP SINGH (J) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-163741","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>L. 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