{"id":165230,"date":"2006-09-06T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2006-09-05T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/jawala-singh-d-by-lrs-ors-vs-jagat-singh-d-by-lrs-ors-on-6-september-2006"},"modified":"2015-07-29T13:43:27","modified_gmt":"2015-07-29T08:13:27","slug":"jawala-singh-d-by-lrs-ors-vs-jagat-singh-d-by-lrs-ors-on-6-september-2006","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/jawala-singh-d-by-lrs-ors-vs-jagat-singh-d-by-lrs-ors-on-6-september-2006","title":{"rendered":"Jawala Singh (D) By Lrs.&amp; Ors vs Jagat Singh (D) By Lrs. &amp; Ors on 6 September, 2006"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Jawala Singh (D) By Lrs.&amp; Ors vs Jagat Singh (D) By Lrs. &amp; Ors on 6 September, 2006<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: A Pasayat<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: Arijit Pasayat, S.H. Kapadia<\/div>\n<pre>           CASE NO.:\nAppeal (civil)  1004 of 2003\n\nPETITIONER:\nJawala Singh (D) By Lrs.&amp; Ors.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nJagat Singh (D) By Lrs. &amp; Ors.\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT: 06\/09\/2006\n\nBENCH:\nARIJIT PASAYAT &amp; S.H. KAPADIA\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>J U D G M E N T<br \/>\nWith<br \/>\nCivil Appeal No. 3938  of 2006<\/p>\n<p>ARIJIT PASAYAT, J.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tIn these appeals challenge is to the judgment rendered by<br \/>\na learned Singh Judge of the Punjab and Haryana High Court<br \/>\nallowing the Second Appeal filed under Section 100 of the<br \/>\nCode of Civil Procedure, 1908 (in short the &#8216;CPC&#8217;). The Second<br \/>\nappeal was partially allowed by setting aside the judgment and<br \/>\ndecree of the First appellate Court in the plaintiff&#8217;s suit for<br \/>\npossession to the extent of land measuring 36 kanals<br \/>\ncomprised in Khasra Nos. 646,647 and 648.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tThough many points were urged basically it was urged<br \/>\nthat the Second appeal was allowed without formulating any<br \/>\nquestion of law for adjudication.  This according to appellants<br \/>\nrendered the judgment vulnerable.\n<\/p>\n<p>Learned counsel for the respondents submitted that<br \/>\nthough specific question of law was not formulated, the High<br \/>\nCourt analysed the evidence and kept to the correct<br \/>\nconclusion.\n<\/p>\n<p>Section100 of the Code deals with &#8220;second appeal&#8221;.  The<br \/>\nprovision reads as follows:\n<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;100(1) Save as otherwise expressly provided<br \/>\nin the body of this Code or by any other law<br \/>\nfor the time being in force, an appeal shall lie<br \/>\nto the High Court from every decree passed in<br \/>\nappeal by any court subordinate to the High<br \/>\nCourt, if the High Court is satisfied that the<br \/>\ncase involves a substantial question of law.\n<\/p>\n<p>(2) An appeal may lie under this section from<br \/>\nan appellate decree passed ex parte.\n<\/p>\n<p>(3) In an appeal under this section, the<br \/>\nmemorandum of appeal shall precisely state<br \/>\nthe substantial question of law involved in the<br \/>\nappeal.\n<\/p>\n<p>(4) Where the High Court is satisfied that a<br \/>\nsubstantial question of law is involved in any<br \/>\ncase, it shall formulate that question.\n<\/p>\n<p>(5) The appeal shall be heard on the question<br \/>\nso formulated and the respondent shall, at<br \/>\nthe hearing of the appeal, he allowed to argue<br \/>\nthat the case does not involve such question:\n<\/p>\n<p>Provided that nothing in this sub-section<br \/>\nshall be deemed to take away or abridge the<br \/>\npower of the court to hear, for reasons to be<br \/>\nrecorded, the appeal on any other substantial<br \/>\nquestion of law, not formulated by it, if it is<br \/>\nsatisfied that the case involves such<br \/>\nquestion.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p> A perusal of the impugned judgment passed by the High<br \/>\nCourt does show that any substantial question of law has<br \/>\nbeen formulated or that the second appeal was heard on a<br \/>\nquestion, if any, so formulated. That being so, the judgment<br \/>\ncannot be maintained.\n<\/p>\n<p> In Ishwar Dass Jain v. Sohan La1 this Court in para 10<br \/>\nhas stated<\/p>\n<p> &#8220;10. Now under Section 100 CPC, after the<br \/>\n1976 Amendment, it is essential for the High<br \/>\nCourt to formulate a substantial question of<br \/>\nlaw it is not permissible to reverse the<br \/>\njudgment of the first appellate court without<br \/>\ndoing so.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p>Yet again in Roop Singh v. Ram Singh this Court has<br \/>\nexpressed that jurisdiction of a High Court is confined to<br \/>\nappeals involving substantial question of law. Para 7 of the<br \/>\nsaid judgment reads: (SCC p. 713, para 7)<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;7. It is to be reiterated that under Section<br \/>\n100 CPC jurisdiction of the High Court to<br \/>\nentertain a second appeal is confined only to<br \/>\nsuch appeals which involve a substantial<br \/>\nquestion of law and it does not confer any<br \/>\njurisdiction on the High Court to interfere<br \/>\nwith pure questions of fact while exercising its<br \/>\njurisdiction under Section 100 CPC. That<br \/>\napart, at the time of disposing of the matter,<br \/>\nthe High Court did not even notice the<br \/>\nquestion of law formulated by it at the time of<br \/>\nadmission of the second appeal as there is no<br \/>\nreference of it in the impugned judgment.<br \/>\nFurther, the fact-finding courts after<br \/>\nappreciating the evidence held that the<br \/>\ndefendant entered into the possession of the<br \/>\npremises as a batai, that is to say, as a tenant<br \/>\nand his possession was permissive and there<br \/>\nwas no pleading or proof as to when it became<br \/>\nadverse and hostile. These findings recorded<br \/>\nby the two courts below were based on proper<br \/>\nappreciation of evidence and the material on<br \/>\nrecord and there was no perversity, illegality<br \/>\nor irregularity in those findings. If the<br \/>\ndefendant got the possession of suit land as a<br \/>\nlessee or under a batai agreement then from<br \/>\nthe permissive possession it is for him to<br \/>\nestablish by cogent and convincing evidence<br \/>\nto show hostile animus and possession<br \/>\nadverse to the knowledge of the real owner.<br \/>\nMere possession for a long time does not<br \/>\nresult in converting permissive possession<br \/>\ninto adverse possession. <a href=\"\/doc\/1924102\/\">(Thakur Kishan<br \/>\nSingh v. Arvind Kumar<\/a> [(1994) 6 SCC 591])<br \/>\nHence, the High Court ought not to have<br \/>\ninterfered with the findings of fact recorded by<br \/>\nboth the courts below.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p>The position has been reiterated in <a href=\"\/doc\/1320146\/\">Kanhaiyalal v.<br \/>\nAnupkumar<\/a> [(2003) 1 SCC 430].\n<\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"\/doc\/650341\/\">In Chadat Singh v. Bahadur Ram<\/a> [(2004) 6 SCC 359] it<br \/>\nwas observed thus: (SCC p. 360) <\/p>\n<p>&#8220;6. In view of Section 100 of the Code the<br \/>\nmemorandum of appeal shall precisely state<br \/>\nsubstantial question or questions involved in<br \/>\nthe appeal as required under sub-section (3)<br \/>\nof Section 100. Where the High Court is<br \/>\nsatisfied that in any case any substantial<br \/>\nquestion of law is involved, it shall formulate<br \/>\nthat question under sub-section (4) and the<br \/>\nsecond appeal has to he heard on the<br \/>\nquestion so formulated as stated in sub-<br \/>\nsection (5) of Section 100.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p>The Position was highlighted by this Court in <a href=\"\/doc\/1700240\/\">Joseph<br \/>\nSeverane and Others v. Benny Mathew and Others<\/a> [2005 (7)<br \/>\nSCC 667], <a href=\"\/doc\/1915593\/\">Sasikumar and Others v. Kunnath Chellappan Nair<br \/>\nand Others<\/a> [2005(12) SCC 588] and <a href=\"\/doc\/678582\/\">Gian Dass v. The Gram<br \/>\nPanchayat, Village Sunner Kalan &amp; Ors.<\/a> [2006 (5) Supreme<br \/>\n776 ].\n<\/p>\n<p> Under the circumstances, the impugned judgment is set<br \/>\naside. We remit the matter to the High Court so far as it<br \/>\nrelates to Second Appeal No. 1832 of 1979 for disposal in<br \/>\naccordance with law. The appeals are disposed of on the<br \/>\naforesaid terms with no order as to costs.\n<\/p>\n<p> Since the matter is pending since long, we request the<br \/>\nHigh Court to dispose of the appeal as early as practicable.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India Jawala Singh (D) By Lrs.&amp; Ors vs Jagat Singh (D) By Lrs. &amp; Ors on 6 September, 2006 Author: A Pasayat Bench: Arijit Pasayat, S.H. Kapadia CASE NO.: Appeal (civil) 1004 of 2003 PETITIONER: Jawala Singh (D) By Lrs.&amp; Ors. RESPONDENT: Jagat Singh (D) By Lrs. &amp; Ors. DATE OF JUDGMENT: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-165230","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Jawala Singh (D) By Lrs.&amp; Ors vs Jagat Singh (D) By Lrs. &amp; Ors on 6 September, 2006 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/jawala-singh-d-by-lrs-ors-vs-jagat-singh-d-by-lrs-ors-on-6-september-2006\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jawala Singh (D) By Lrs.&amp; 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