{"id":167391,"date":"1976-04-30T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1976-04-29T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/s-narayan-iyer-vs-union-of-india-anr-on-30-april-1976"},"modified":"2016-12-17T05:22:13","modified_gmt":"2016-12-16T23:52:13","slug":"s-narayan-iyer-vs-union-of-india-anr-on-30-april-1976","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/s-narayan-iyer-vs-union-of-india-anr-on-30-april-1976","title":{"rendered":"S.Narayan Iyer vs Union Of India &amp; Anr on 30 April, 1976"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">S.Narayan Iyer vs Union Of India &amp; Anr on 30 April, 1976<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_citations\">Equivalent citations: 1976 AIR 1986, \t\t  1976 SCR  486<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: A Ray<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: Ray, A.N. (Cj), Beg, M. Hameedullah, Sarkaria, Ranjit Singh, Shingal, P.N., Singh, Jaswant<\/div>\n<pre>           PETITIONER:\nS.NARAYAN IYER\n\n\tVs.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nUNION OF INDIA &amp; ANR.\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT30\/04\/1976\n\nBENCH:\nRAY, A.N. (CJ)\nBENCH:\nRAY, A.N. (CJ)\nBEG, M. HAMEEDULLAH\nSARKARIA, RANJIT SINGH\nSHINGAL, P.N.\nSINGH, JASWANT\n\nCITATION:\n 1976 AIR 1986\t\t  1976 SCR  486\n 1976 SCC  (3) 428\n\n\nACT:\n     Jurisdiction  of\tcourts\tunder\tArt.  226   of\t the\nConstitution  in   matters  of\tfiscal\tplanning-Legislative\njudgments are  outside the  scope of judicial determination-\nReasonableness\tof   telephone\trates\tis  a\tmatter\t for\nlegislative judgment.-lndian Telegraph Act-Section 7(2) read\nwith Indian Telegraph Amendment Rules,1966.\n\n\n\nHEADNOTE:\n     The   appellant   challenged   under   Art.   226\t the\nreasonableness of  the increase\t in the telephone rental and\ncall charges brought about by the Indian Telegraph Amendment\nRules. 1966 on the ground that (1) The telephone system is a\npublic utility\tservice and  the charges  can be only in the\nnature of  a fee which must be commensurate with the cost of\nrendering the  service; and  (2) The  loss incurred  by\t the\nGovernment  in\t another  establishment\t service  is  not  a\nlegitimate ground for raising the rates.\n     The writ  petition\t was  accepted\tand  on\t appeal\t the\njudgment was  reversed holding that (1) the High Court could\nnot interfere  with the\t tariff. and (2 ) the principle upon\nwhich the  public utility  rates regulation  as developed in\nthe United States is not applicable in our country.\n     Dismissing the appeal by certificate, the Court,\n^\n     HELD: (I) The courts have no jurisdiction under Article\n226 to\tgo into the reasonableness of rates. These rates are\ndecided as  policy matters  in\tfiscal\tplanning.  There  is\nlegislative prescription  of rates.  Rates are\ta matter for\nlegislative judgment  and not  for  judicial  determination.\n[488A]\n\n\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>     CIVIL APPELLATE  JURISDICTION: Civil  Appeal No. 325 of<br \/>\n1970.\n<\/p>\n<p>     From the  Judgment and  order dated  28th March 1969 of<br \/>\nthe Madras High Court in Writ Appeal No. 490\/68.\n<\/p>\n<p>     K. S.  Ramamurthy, K. Jayaram and R. Chandrashekhar for<br \/>\nthe Appellant.\n<\/p>\n<p>     L. N.  Sinha, Solicitor  General of India, S. N. Prasad<br \/>\nand Girish Chandra for the Respondents.\n<\/p>\n<p>     The Judgment of the Court was delivered by<br \/>\n     RAY J.  This appeal is by certificate from the judgment<br \/>\ndated 28  March 1469  of  the  High  Court  of\tMadras.\t The<br \/>\nquestion in  this appeal  is whether the appellant in a writ<br \/>\npetition can  challenge the  telephone rates and charges and<br \/>\nobtain any relief in that behalf.\n<\/p>\n<p>     The   appellant   is   a\tretired\t  District   Manager<br \/>\n(Telephones), Madras.  He filed\t a writ petition in the High<br \/>\nCourt for  a writ  of  prohibition,  directing\tthe  General<br \/>\nManager (Telephones), Madras to forbear from<br \/>\npreferred to  the Appellate  Tribunal but  that\t too  proved<br \/>\nabortive. The  Tribunal,  however,  referred  the  following<br \/>\nquestion of law for the opinion of the High Court:-\n<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;\n<\/p>\n<p>(1).[1966] 60 I.T.R. 293.\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">487<\/span><\/p>\n<p>enforcing the  revised Telephone  Tariff as  per the  Indian<br \/>\nTelegraph Amendment Rules, 1966. Under the rules, the rental<br \/>\nand call  charges were\tincreased by  50 per  cent and Trunk<br \/>\ncall charges  by about\t30 to  35 per  cent. The  petitioner<br \/>\nalleged that  the  telephone  system  is  a  public  utility<br \/>\nservice and  not a  Revenue earning  establishment  and\t the<br \/>\ncharges can  be only  in the  nature of\t a fee which must be<br \/>\ncommensurate with  the cost  of rendering  the service.\t The<br \/>\npetitioner further  alleged that  the loss  incurred by\t the<br \/>\nGovernment  in\t another  establishment\t service  is  not  a<br \/>\nlegitimate ground for raising telephone rates.\n<\/p>\n<p>     The Trial\tCourt held  that Telephone Tariff was unjust<br \/>\nand unreasonable. The Trial Court allowed the writ petition.\n<\/p>\n<p>     The High Court on appeal held that the High Court could<br \/>\nnot interfere  with the Tariff. The High Court said that the<br \/>\nprincipal upon\twhich public utility rates regulation as has<br \/>\ndeveloped in the United States is not applicable here in our<br \/>\ncountry.\n<\/p>\n<p>     It should\tbe said\t at the\t outset that  there was some<br \/>\ndiscussion in the judgment on Article 19 but counsel for the<br \/>\nappellant properly  abandoned any  reference to\t Article 19.<br \/>\nThe  appellant&#8217;s   contentions\t are   three.\tFirst,\t the<br \/>\nexpression. &#8220;rates&#8221;  in section 7(2) of the Indian Telegraph<br \/>\nAct means  rates which\tare to be determined should be fair,<br \/>\njust and  reasonable from  the point  of view  of  both\t the<br \/>\nconsumer  and\tthe  producer.\t Second,   the\t Court\t has<br \/>\njurisdiction to\t determine whether  the rates  filed by\t the<br \/>\nGovernment are\treasonable. Third,  the rates  are increased<br \/>\nexpressly for the purpose of off-setting the E losses in the<br \/>\nPost and Telegraph Services. If a proper allocation. is made<br \/>\naccording to  proper commercial\t accounting it will be found<br \/>\nthat there  is a  wrongful deduction  of crores of rupees as<br \/>\nrevenue expense\t and unlawful  debit. These  errors  in\t the<br \/>\naccounting have\t resulted in  reducing the profits earned by<br \/>\nthe Telephones.\n<\/p>\n<p>     There are three principal reasons why the writ petition<br \/>\nis incompetent\tand not\t maintainable and  the appeal should<br \/>\nfail. First,  when any subscriber to a telephone enters into<br \/>\na contract  with the State, the subscriber has the option to<br \/>\nenter into  a contract\tor not. If he does so, he has to pay<br \/>\nthe rates which are charged by the State for installation. A<br \/>\nsubscriber cannot say that the rates are not fair. No one is<br \/>\ncompelling one\tto subscribe.  Second. Telephone  Tariff  is<br \/>\nsubordinate legislation\t and a\tlegislative  process.  Under<br \/>\nIndian\tTelegraph   Act,  section  7  empowers\tthe  Central<br \/>\nGovernment to  make rules  inter alia for rates. These rules<br \/>\nare laid  before each  House of\t Parliament. The  rules take<br \/>\neffect when  they are  passed by  the Parliament. Third, the<br \/>\nquestion of  rates is  first gone into by the Tariff Enquiry<br \/>\nCommittee. The\tCommittee is  headed by\t non officials.\t The<br \/>\nTariff rates  are placed  before the  House in\tthe shape of<br \/>\nBudget proposals.  The Parliament  goes into  all the Budget<br \/>\nproposals. The\trates are  sanctioned by the Parliament. The<br \/>\nrates. therefore,  become a  legislative policy as well as a<br \/>\nlegislative process.\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">488<\/span><\/p>\n<p>     The Courts have no jurisdiction under Article 226 to go<br \/>\ninto reasonableness  of rates.\tThese rates  are decided  as<br \/>\npolicy matter  in  fiscal  planning.  There  is\t legislative<br \/>\nprescription of\t rates. Rates  are a  matter for legislative<br \/>\njudgment and not for judicial determination.\n<\/p>\n<p>     The appeal\t is dismissed.\tThere will be no order as to<br \/>\ncosts.\n<\/p>\n<pre>S.R.\t\t\t\t\t   Appeal dismissed.\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">489<\/span>\n\n\n\n<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India S.Narayan Iyer vs Union Of India &amp; Anr on 30 April, 1976 Equivalent citations: 1976 AIR 1986, 1976 SCR 486 Author: A Ray Bench: Ray, A.N. (Cj), Beg, M. Hameedullah, Sarkaria, Ranjit Singh, Shingal, P.N., Singh, Jaswant PETITIONER: S.NARAYAN IYER Vs. RESPONDENT: UNION OF INDIA &amp; ANR. DATE OF JUDGMENT30\/04\/1976 BENCH: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-167391","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>S.Narayan Iyer vs Union Of India &amp; Anr on 30 April, 1976 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/s-narayan-iyer-vs-union-of-india-anr-on-30-april-1976\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"S.Narayan Iyer vs Union Of India &amp; Anr on 30 April, 1976 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/s-narayan-iyer-vs-union-of-india-anr-on-30-april-1976\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/LegalindiaCom\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"1976-04-29T18:30:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2016-12-16T23:52:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/09\/legal-india-icon.jpg?fit=512%2C512&ssl=1\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"512\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"512\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Legal India Admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@legaliadmin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@Legal_india\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Legal India Admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/s-narayan-iyer-vs-union-of-india-anr-on-30-april-1976#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/s-narayan-iyer-vs-union-of-india-anr-on-30-april-1976\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Legal India Admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0bfdffe9059fb8bb24a86d094609c5ea\"},\"headline\":\"S.Narayan Iyer vs Union Of India &amp; Anr on 30 April, 1976\",\"datePublished\":\"1976-04-29T18:30:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2016-12-16T23:52:13+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/s-narayan-iyer-vs-union-of-india-anr-on-30-april-1976\"},\"wordCount\":770,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Supreme Court of India\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/s-narayan-iyer-vs-union-of-india-anr-on-30-april-1976#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/s-narayan-iyer-vs-union-of-india-anr-on-30-april-1976\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/s-narayan-iyer-vs-union-of-india-anr-on-30-april-1976\",\"name\":\"S.Narayan Iyer vs Union Of India &amp; Anr on 30 April, 1976 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"1976-04-29T18:30:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2016-12-16T23:52:13+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/s-narayan-iyer-vs-union-of-india-anr-on-30-april-1976#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/s-narayan-iyer-vs-union-of-india-anr-on-30-april-1976\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/s-narayan-iyer-vs-union-of-india-anr-on-30-april-1976#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"S.Narayan Iyer vs Union Of India &amp; Anr on 30 April, 1976\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/\",\"name\":\"Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India\",\"description\":\"Search and read the latest judgements, orders, and rulings from the Supreme Court of India and all High Courts. A comprehensive database for lawyers, advocates, and law students.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"Free judgements of Supreme Court & High Court of India | Legal India\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India\",\"alternateName\":\"Legal India\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/5\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/legal-india-icon.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/5\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/legal-india-icon.jpg\",\"width\":512,\"height\":512,\"caption\":\"Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/LegalindiaCom\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/Legal_india\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0bfdffe9059fb8bb24a86d094609c5ea\",\"name\":\"Legal India Admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Legal India Admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/legaliadmin\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/author\\\/legal-india-admin\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"S.Narayan Iyer vs Union Of India &amp; Anr on 30 April, 1976 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/s-narayan-iyer-vs-union-of-india-anr-on-30-april-1976","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"S.Narayan Iyer vs Union Of India &amp; Anr on 30 April, 1976 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India","og_url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/s-narayan-iyer-vs-union-of-india-anr-on-30-april-1976","og_site_name":"Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/LegalindiaCom\/","article_published_time":"1976-04-29T18:30:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2016-12-16T23:52:13+00:00","og_image":[{"width":512,"height":512,"url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/09\/legal-india-icon.jpg?fit=512%2C512&ssl=1","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Legal India Admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@legaliadmin","twitter_site":"@Legal_india","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Legal India Admin","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/s-narayan-iyer-vs-union-of-india-anr-on-30-april-1976#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/s-narayan-iyer-vs-union-of-india-anr-on-30-april-1976"},"author":{"name":"Legal India Admin","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#\/schema\/person\/0bfdffe9059fb8bb24a86d094609c5ea"},"headline":"S.Narayan Iyer vs Union Of India &amp; Anr on 30 April, 1976","datePublished":"1976-04-29T18:30:00+00:00","dateModified":"2016-12-16T23:52:13+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/s-narayan-iyer-vs-union-of-india-anr-on-30-april-1976"},"wordCount":770,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#organization"},"articleSection":["Supreme Court of India"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/s-narayan-iyer-vs-union-of-india-anr-on-30-april-1976#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/s-narayan-iyer-vs-union-of-india-anr-on-30-april-1976","url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/s-narayan-iyer-vs-union-of-india-anr-on-30-april-1976","name":"S.Narayan Iyer vs Union Of India &amp; Anr on 30 April, 1976 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#website"},"datePublished":"1976-04-29T18:30:00+00:00","dateModified":"2016-12-16T23:52:13+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/s-narayan-iyer-vs-union-of-india-anr-on-30-april-1976#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/s-narayan-iyer-vs-union-of-india-anr-on-30-april-1976"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/s-narayan-iyer-vs-union-of-india-anr-on-30-april-1976#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"S.Narayan Iyer vs Union Of India &amp; Anr on 30 April, 1976"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/","name":"Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India","description":"Search and read the latest judgements, orders, and rulings from the Supreme Court of India and all High Courts. A comprehensive database for lawyers, advocates, and law students.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#organization"},"alternateName":"Free judgements of Supreme Court & High Court of India | Legal India","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#organization","name":"Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India","alternateName":"Legal India","url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/09\/legal-india-icon.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/09\/legal-india-icon.jpg","width":512,"height":512,"caption":"Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/LegalindiaCom\/","https:\/\/x.com\/Legal_india"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#\/schema\/person\/0bfdffe9059fb8bb24a86d094609c5ea","name":"Legal India Admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Legal India Admin"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.legalindia.com","https:\/\/x.com\/legaliadmin"],"url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/author\/legal-india-admin"}]}},"modified_by":null,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/167391","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=167391"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/167391\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=167391"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=167391"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=167391"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}