{"id":167573,"date":"1976-03-10T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1976-03-09T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/kishori-lal-vs-birdhi-lal-ors-on-10-march-1976"},"modified":"2018-12-26T12:57:38","modified_gmt":"2018-12-26T07:27:38","slug":"kishori-lal-vs-birdhi-lal-ors-on-10-march-1976","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/kishori-lal-vs-birdhi-lal-ors-on-10-march-1976","title":{"rendered":"Kishori Lal vs Birdhi Lal &amp; Ors on 10 March, 1976"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Kishori Lal vs Birdhi Lal &amp; Ors on 10 March, 1976<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_citations\">Equivalent citations: 1976 AIR 2011, \t\t  1976 SCR  (3) 588<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: J Singh<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: Singh, Jaswant<\/div>\n<pre>           PETITIONER:\nKISHORI LAL\n\n\tVs.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nBIRDHI LAL &amp; ORS.\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT10\/03\/1976\n\nBENCH:\nSINGH, JASWANT\nBENCH:\nSINGH, JASWANT\nRAY, A.N. (CJ)\nBEG, M. HAMEEDULLAH\n\nCITATION:\n 1976 AIR 2011\t\t  1976 SCR  (3) 588\n 1976 SCC  (2) 239\n\n\nACT:\n     Constitution of India. Art. 226-Concurrent decisions of\nRevenue\t authorities-Apparent\terror  of  law-Whether\tHigh\nCourt's interference justified.\n     Rajasthan Tenancy\tAct,  1955,  S.\t 5  (44),  essential\nconditions, if\tsatisfied-  Rejection  of  alternative\tcase\nunder s. 180.\n\n\n\nHEADNOTE:\n     The appellant  brought a  suit for\t possession of\tland\nagainst respondent  Birdhi Lal, under Ss. 180 and 183 of the\nRajasthan Tenancy Act, 1955. The Assistant Collector, Baran,\ndismissed the  suit, but  the  Revenue\tAppellate  Authority\nallowed\t his   appeal  and   held  that\t Birdhi\t Lal  was  a\ntrespasser. A  further appeal by Birdhi Lal was dismissed by\nthe Board of Revenue, Rajasthan. Thereafter, his application\nmade under  Art. 226 was allowed by the High Court. The High\nCourt held  Birdhi Lal\tto be a tenant within the meaning of\ns. 5(43),  and not a trespasser as conceived by s. 5(44). On\nappeal by  special leave,  the appellants  contended  before\nthis  Court  that  the\tHigh  Court  was  not  justified  in\nexercising appellate  jurisdiction and\tinterfering with the\nconcurrent opinions  of\t the  Revenue  authorities.  It\t was\nfurther contended  that even  if Birdhi Lal was held to be a\ntenant. he  was liable\tto be  ejected, as the original suit\nhad been framed alternatively under s. 180 of the Act.\n     Dismissing the appeal, the court\n^\n     HELD: (1)\tThe material  on record\t does not  establish\nthat Birdhi  Lal took  or retained  possession of  the\tland\nwithout authority.  The\t essential  conditions\tfor  holding\nBirdhi Lal to be a trespasser under s. 5(44) were manifestly\nnot satisfied.\tThe High  Court was  right in rectifying the\nerror of law apparent on the face of the record and quashing\nthe judgments  of the  Appellate Revenue  Authority and\t the\nBoard of Revenue. [589F-H &amp; 590A]\n     (2)  The\talternative  case   under  s.  180  required\nnecessary averments  and proof of facts which were absent in\nthe case. The plea therefore, cannot be entertained. [590 C-\nD]\n\n\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>     CIVIL APPELLATE  JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 1436 of<br \/>\n1975.\n<\/p>\n<p>     Appeal by\tspecial leave  from the\t Judgment and  order<br \/>\ndated 10-3-1975\t of the\t Rajasthan High Court in D. B. Civil<br \/>\nWrit Petition No. 384 of 1968.\n<\/p>\n<p>     Ahmed Bux, Beni Madhav Sharma, M\/s. V.J. Francis &amp; R.A.<br \/>\nGupta, Advocates for the appellants.\n<\/p>\n<p>     S.M. Jain &amp; Sushil Kumar Jain, Advocates for respondent<br \/>\nNo. 1.\n<\/p>\n<p>     The Judgment of the Court was delivered by-<br \/>\n     JASWANT  SINGH,J.-This   appeal  by  special  leave  is<br \/>\ndirected against  the judgment\tdated March  10, 1975 of the<br \/>\nHigh Court  of Rajasthan  at Jodhpur  passed in\t Civil\tWrit<br \/>\nPetition No. 384 of 1968.\n<\/p>\n<p>     The facts\tleading to this appeal are: On July 1, 1961,<br \/>\nKishori Lal,  the appellant  herein, brought  a suit  in the<br \/>\ncourt of the Assistant Collector, Baran, against Birdhi Lal,<br \/>\nrespondent No. 1, for possession of land comprised in khasra<br \/>\nNos. 513,  669 and  678 situate in village Balakhera of Anta<br \/>\nTehsil of  Kota District  under sections  180 and 183 of the<br \/>\nRajasthan Tenancy  Act, 1955 (hereinafter referred to as the<br \/>\nAct). By his judgment dated December 24, 1962, the<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">589<\/span><br \/>\nAssistant  Collector   dismissed  the  suit.  The  appellant<br \/>\nthereupon preferred  an\t appeal\t to  the  Revenue  Appellate<br \/>\nAuthority  who\tallowed\t the  same  by\this  judgment  dated<br \/>\nNovember  9,   1963,  and  reversing  the  judgment  of\t the<br \/>\nAssistant Collector decreed the suit holding that Birdhi Lal<br \/>\nwas a  trespasser. Aggrieved  by the  judgment and decree of<br \/>\nthe Revenue  Appellate Authority, Birdhi Lal took the matter<br \/>\nin further  appeal to  the Board  of Revenue, Rajasthan, but<br \/>\nremained unsuccessful  as the  members of the Board affirmed<br \/>\nthe  view   taken  by\tthe  Revenue   Appellate  Authority.<br \/>\nDissatisfied with  the decisions  of the  Revenue  Appellate<br \/>\nAuthority and  the Board  of Revenue,  Rajasthan, Birdhi Lal<br \/>\napproached the\tHigh  Court  of\t Rajasthan  by\tmeans  of  a<br \/>\npetition under\tArticle 226  of the  Constitution. The\tHigh<br \/>\nCourt by  its aforesaid\t judgment and  order dated March 10,<br \/>\n1975, allowed  the petition and held that Birdhi Lal being a<br \/>\ntenant within  the meaning  of section\t5(43) of the Act and<br \/>\nnot a  trespasser as  conceived by section 5(44) of the Act,<br \/>\nwas not\t liable to  be ejected\tfrom the  land. Dissatisfied<br \/>\nwith this judgment, Kishori Lal has come up this Court.\n<\/p>\n<p>     The  learned  counsel  for\t the  appellant\t has,  while<br \/>\nsupporting the\tappeal, vehemently  tried to  press upon  us<br \/>\nthat as\t the High Court has exercised appellate jurisdiction<br \/>\nand substituted\t its own  opinion for  the  opinion  of\t the<br \/>\nRevenue\t authorities   contrary\t to   the  well\t established<br \/>\nprinciples  of\t law,  the   impugned  judgment\t  cannot  be<br \/>\nsustained. Elaborating\this submission,\t the learned counsel<br \/>\nhas  submitted\t that  since   both  the  Revenue  Appellate<br \/>\nAuthority and  the Board  of Revenue  had concurrently\theld<br \/>\nthat Birdhi  Lal was  a trespasser  and there  was no  error<br \/>\napparent on  the face  of the record, the High Court was not<br \/>\njustified in interfering with the aforesaid decisions of the<br \/>\nRevenue Appellate  Authority and  the Board  of Revenue. The<br \/>\ncontention advanced  on behalf\tof the\tappellant is, in our<br \/>\nopinion, wholly\t untenable. The\t expression &#8216;trespasser&#8217;  is<br \/>\ndefined in section 5(44) of the Act as follows:-\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\t  &#8220;5(44). Trespasser  shall mean  a person who takes<br \/>\n     or retains\t possession of land without authority or who<br \/>\n     prevents another  person from  occupying land  duly let<br \/>\n     out to him&#8221;.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>     The above definition makes it clear that in order to be<br \/>\nable to\t succeed in  his suit,\tKishori Lal had to show that<br \/>\nBirdhi Lal  had taken  or retained  possession of  the\tland<br \/>\nwithout\t authority   or\t that  he  had\tprevented  him\tfrom<br \/>\noccupying the land duly let out to him. In the instant case,<br \/>\nthere was  no allegation by the appellant in his plaint that<br \/>\nhe was prevented by Birdhi Lal from occupying the land which<br \/>\nhad been  let out  to him.  The\t only  point  that  we\tare,<br \/>\ntherefore, left\t to determine  is whether  Birdhi  Lal\ttook<br \/>\npossession  or\tretained  possession  of  the  land  without<br \/>\nauthority. The\tmaterial on  the  record  does\tnot  at\t all<br \/>\nestablish any  of these\t elements. On  the  other  hand,  as<br \/>\nrightly pointed\t out by\t the High  Court, the  Parcha lagan,<br \/>\nExhibit A-3 and Pantinama, Exhibit A-4 clearly show that the<br \/>\nland in question had been let out by the appellant to Birdhi<br \/>\nLal on\tpayment of  rent. As  the essential  conditions\t for<br \/>\nholding Birdhi\tLal to\tbe a  trespasser were manifestly not<br \/>\nsatisfied in the present case, the High<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">590<\/span><br \/>\nCourt was  perfectly right  in rectifying  the error  of law<br \/>\napparent  on  the  face\t of  the  record  and  quashing\t the<br \/>\njudgments of  the Appellate  Revenue Authority and the Board<br \/>\nof Revenue.\n<\/p>\n<p>     It was  next urged\t that even  if the respondent Birdhi<br \/>\nLal is\theld to\t be a tenant by reason of the Pantinama (Ex.<br \/>\nA-4), he  was liable  to be ejected as the appellant Kishori<br \/>\nLal had\t framed his  suit alternatively under section 180 of<br \/>\nthe Act.  Reference to\tsection 180 of the Act shows that it<br \/>\napplies only  to suits for &#8220;ejectment of Khudkasht or Ghair-<br \/>\nKhatedar tenants  or sub-tenants&#8221;.  Khudkasht is  defined in<br \/>\nsection 5,  sub s.  23 as  land &#8220;cultivated personally by an<br \/>\nestate\tholder&#8221;.   It  also   includes\t&#8220;land\trecorded  as<br \/>\nKhudkasht, sir,\t havala, niji-jot,  gharkhed  in  settlement<br \/>\nrecords&#8221; at  the commencement  of the  Act as  well as &#8220;land<br \/>\nallotted after\tsuch commencement  as  Khudkasht  under\t any<br \/>\nlaw&#8221;. Similarly, the components of rights to sub-tenancy and<br \/>\ngair  khatedari\t  tenancies  are   also\t determined  by\t the<br \/>\nprovisions of  the Act.\t The High  Court  had  recorded\t the<br \/>\nfinding, on  this part\tof the case: &#8220;It may be mentioned at<br \/>\nthe outset  that although  the suit was raised by respondent<br \/>\nKishori Lal  under sections  180  and  183  of\tthe  Act  as<br \/>\naforesaid, his\tclaim was  not upheld  under section  180 so<br \/>\nthat the  suit was  decreed as\tone under  section 183&#8221;.  In<br \/>\nother words,  findings of  the Revenue Courts as well as the<br \/>\nHigh Court  repel the alternative case sought to be made out<br \/>\nbefore us.  It required\t necessary averments  and  proof  of<br \/>\nfacts which  were absent  in the  case. It was, therefore, a<br \/>\ncompletely hopeless  plea which\t we cannot entertain at this<br \/>\nstage.\n<\/p>\n<p>     For the  foregoing reasons, we do not find any merit in<br \/>\nthis appeal which is hereby dismissed with costs.\n<\/p>\n<pre>M.R.\t\t\t\t\t   Appeal dismissed.\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">591<\/span>\n\n\n\n<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India Kishori Lal vs Birdhi Lal &amp; Ors on 10 March, 1976 Equivalent citations: 1976 AIR 2011, 1976 SCR (3) 588 Author: J Singh Bench: Singh, Jaswant PETITIONER: KISHORI LAL Vs. RESPONDENT: BIRDHI LAL &amp; ORS. DATE OF JUDGMENT10\/03\/1976 BENCH: SINGH, JASWANT BENCH: SINGH, JASWANT RAY, A.N. (CJ) BEG, M. HAMEEDULLAH CITATION: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-167573","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Kishori Lal vs Birdhi Lal &amp; Ors on 10 March, 1976 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/kishori-lal-vs-birdhi-lal-ors-on-10-march-1976\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kishori Lal vs Birdhi Lal &amp; 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