{"id":170091,"date":"2001-10-11T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2001-10-10T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/m-krishnan-vs-vijay-singh-and-anr-on-11-october-2001"},"modified":"2018-07-30T18:23:50","modified_gmt":"2018-07-30T12:53:50","slug":"m-krishnan-vs-vijay-singh-and-anr-on-11-october-2001","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/m-krishnan-vs-vijay-singh-and-anr-on-11-october-2001","title":{"rendered":"M. Krishnan vs Vijay Singh And Anr on 11 October, 2001"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">M. Krishnan vs Vijay Singh And Anr on 11 October, 2001<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: M.B. Shah, R.P. Sethi<\/div>\n<pre>           CASE NO.:\nAppeal (crl.)  1028 of 2001\n\nPETITIONER:\nM. KRISHNAN\n\nRESPONDENT:\nVIJAY SINGH AND ANR.\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT: 11\/10\/2001\n\nBENCH:\nM.B. SHAH &amp; R.P. SETHI\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>JUDGMENT<\/p>\n<p>2001 Supp(4) SCR 45<\/p>\n<p>The Judgment of the Court was delivered by<\/p>\n<p>SETHI, J. Leave granted.\n<\/p>\n<p>The appellant filed a complaint against the respondent alleging commission<br \/>\nof offences punishable under Sections 193, 196, 197, 406, 465, 468 and 471<br \/>\nof the Indian Penal Code. The Magistrate took the cognizance and issued<br \/>\nprocess against the two out of the three accused, named in the complaint.<br \/>\nInstead of appearing before the Trial magistrate, the respondents<br \/>\napproached the High Court by way of a petition under Section 482 of the<br \/>\nCode of Criminal Procedure (hereinafter referred to as &#8220;the Code&#8221;) praying<br \/>\nfor quashing the proceedings initiated against them. The High Court<br \/>\naccepted the prayer of the accused and quashed the proceedings initiated<br \/>\nagainst the respondents mainly on the ground that in view of the pendency<br \/>\nof civil disputes between the parties where the genuineness of the<br \/>\ndocuments, relied upon by the complainant, was in dispute, no criminal<br \/>\naction could be initiated against the accused persons. Feeling aggrieved by<br \/>\nthe order of the High Court, the complainant has preferred this appeal<br \/>\ncontending that the High Court has committed a mistake of law by quashing<br \/>\nthe proceedings under Section 482 of the Code at the initial stage without<br \/>\naffording the complaint an opportunity to prove his case against the<br \/>\naccused as detailed in his complaint.\n<\/p>\n<p>In his complaint, the appellant had made serious allegations against the<br \/>\nrespondents and prima facie satisfied the Magistrate about the commission<br \/>\nof the offences under various sections of the Indian Penal Code. It was<br \/>\nalleged that to prevent legal action against them, the accused persons<br \/>\nfiled a suit on false and flimsy claim by creating and forging<br \/>\ndocuments\/bonds\/papers, etc. Those documents were alleged to have been got<br \/>\nfilled up by the first accused which he had obtained from the complainant<br \/>\non blank papers for production before the Bank as guarantor. The accused<br \/>\nwere alleged to have betrayed the good faith and confidence reposed in them<br \/>\nby the complainant and thus withdrew huge amounts on the basis of the<br \/>\nforged documents. Along with the complaint the appellant filed a number of<br \/>\ndocuments and got the statements recorded. After perusal of the complaint,<br \/>\nthe sworn statements of the complainant, his witness and inspecting the<br \/>\ndocuments produced along with the complaint, the Trial Magistrate, vide his<br \/>\ndetailed order dated 3.8.1998 (Annexure P-7) directed the registration of<br \/>\nthe case against the accused No. 1 and 2 for offences punishable under<br \/>\nSections 193, 209, 406, 468 and 471 IPC read with Section 120B IPC and<br \/>\nissued process against them.\n<\/p>\n<p>Despite referring to various judgments of this Court relating to the<br \/>\ninterpretation and scope of Section 482 of the Code and the indictment that<br \/>\nthe High Court should be slow in interfering with the proceedings at the<br \/>\ninitial stage, the learned Single Judge of the High Court passed the<br \/>\nimpugned order. The High Court appears to have been impressed by the fact<br \/>\nthat as the nature of the dispute was primarily of a civil nature, the<br \/>\nappellant was not justified in resorting to the criminal proceedings.\n<\/p>\n<p>Accepting such a general proposition would be against the provisions of law<br \/>\ninasmuch as in all cases of cheating and fraud, in the whole transaction,<br \/>\nthere is generally some element of civil nature. However, in this case, the<br \/>\nallegations were regarding the forging of the documents and acquiring gains<br \/>\non the basis of such forged documents. The proceedings could not be quashed<br \/>\nonly because the respondents had filed a civil suit with respect to the<br \/>\naforesaid documents. In a criminal court the allegations made in the<br \/>\ncomplaint have to be established independently, notwithstanding the<br \/>\nadjudication by a civil court. Had the complainant failed to prove the<br \/>\nallegations made by him in the complaint, the respondents were entitled to<br \/>\ndischarge or acquittal but not otherwise. If mere pendency of a suit is<br \/>\nmade a ground for quashing the criminal proceedings, the unscrupulous<br \/>\nlitigants, apprehending criminal action against them, would be encouraged<br \/>\nto frustrate the course of justice and law by filing suits with respect to<br \/>\nthe documents intended to be used against them after the initiation of<br \/>\ncriminal proceedings or in anticipation of such proceedings. Such a course<br \/>\ncannot be the mandate of law. Civil proceedings, as distinguished from the<br \/>\ncriminal action, have to be adjudicated and concluded by adopting separate<br \/>\nyardsticks. The onus of proving the allegations beyond reasonable doubt, in<br \/>\ncriminal case, is not applicable in the civil proceedings which can be<br \/>\ndecided merely on the basis of the probabilities with respect to the acts<br \/>\ncomplained of. The High Court was not, in any way, justified to observe :\n<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;In my view, unless and until the civil court decides the question whether<br \/>\nthe document are genuine or forged, no criminal action can be initiated<br \/>\nagainst the petitioners and in view of the same, the present criminal<br \/>\nproceedings and taking cognizance and issue of process are clearly<br \/>\nerroneous.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p>Where factual foundations for the offence have been laid down in the<br \/>\ncomplaint, the High Court should not hasten to quash criminal proceedings<br \/>\nmerely on the premise that one or two ingredients have not been stated with<br \/>\nthe details or that the facts narrated reveal the existence of commercial<br \/>\nor money transaction between the parties.\n<\/p>\n<p>This Court in <a href=\"\/doc\/1922701\/\">Rajesh Bajaj v. State NCT of Delhi &amp; Ors., JT<\/a> (1999) 2 SC 112<br \/>\nobserved :\n<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;It may be that the facts stated narrated in the present complaint would as<br \/>\nwell reveal a commercial transaction or money transaction. But that is<br \/>\nhardly a reason for holding that the offence of cheating would elude from<br \/>\nsuch a transaction. In fact, many a cheatings were committed in the course<br \/>\nof commercial and also money transactions. One of the illustrations set out<br \/>\nunder Section 415 of the Indian Penal Code (illustrations &#8220;f&#8221;) is worthy of<br \/>\nnotice now :\n<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;(0 A intentionally deceives z into a belief that A means to repay any<br \/>\nmoney that z may lend to him and thereby dishonestly induces z to lend him<br \/>\nmoney, A not intending to repay it. A cheats.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p>The crux of the postulated is the intention of the person who induces the<br \/>\nvictim of his representation and not the nature of the transaction which<br \/>\nwould become decisive in discerning whether there was commission of offence<br \/>\nor not. The complainant has stated in the body of the complaint that he was<br \/>\ninduced to believe that respondent would honour payment on receipt of<br \/>\ninvoices, and that the complainant realised later that the intentions of<br \/>\nthe respondent were not clear. He also mentioned that respondent after<br \/>\nreceiving the goods have sold them to other and still he did not pay the<br \/>\nmoney. Such averments would prima facie make out a case for investigation<br \/>\nby the authorities.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p>To the same effect is the judgment in Shantilal v. Vimalchand &amp; Ors., JT<br \/>\n(2000) 8 SC 109.\n<\/p>\n<p>Right from the case of <a href=\"\/doc\/173865\/\">R.P. Kapur v. State of Punjab, AIR<\/a> (1960) SC 866,<br \/>\nthis Court has held that revisional or inherent powers for quashing the<br \/>\nproceedings at the initial stage can be exercised only where the<br \/>\nallegations made in the complaint or the first information report, even if<br \/>\ntaken at their face value and accepted in their entirety, do not prima<br \/>\nfacie disclose the commission of an offence or where the uncontroverted<br \/>\nallegations made in the FIR or complaint and the evidence relied in support<br \/>\nof the same do not disclose the commission of any offence against the<br \/>\naccused, or the allegations are so absurd and inherently improper that on<br \/>\nthe basis of which no prudent person could have reached a just conclusion<br \/>\nthat there were sufficient grounds in proceeding against the accused or<br \/>\nwhere there is an express legal bar engrafted in any provisions of the Code<br \/>\nor any other statute to the institution and continuance of the criminal<br \/>\nproceedings or where a criminal proceeding is manifestly actuated with<br \/>\nmalafide and has been initiated maliciously with the ulterior motive for<br \/>\nwrecking vengeance on the accused and with a view to spite him due to<br \/>\nprivate and personal grudge.\n<\/p>\n<p>Applying the aforesaid test, it cannot be said that the complaint filed by<br \/>\nthe appellant did not disclose the commission of an offence or there<br \/>\nexisted any other circumstance which can be made the basis for quashing the<br \/>\nproceedings. In fact allegations made in the complaint required<br \/>\nadjudication and the complaint could not have been aborted in the manner it<br \/>\nhas been done by the High Court vide the impugned order.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p>The impugned judgment being contrary to the settled position of law is thus<br \/>\nnot sustainable. The appeal is allowed and the impugned judgment of the<br \/>\nHigh Court is set aside by upholding the order of the Trial Magistrate<br \/>\ndated 3.8.1998. The Trial Magistrate shall now proceed in the matter in<br \/>\naccordance with law.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India M. Krishnan vs Vijay Singh And Anr on 11 October, 2001 Bench: M.B. Shah, R.P. Sethi CASE NO.: Appeal (crl.) 1028 of 2001 PETITIONER: M. KRISHNAN RESPONDENT: VIJAY SINGH AND ANR. DATE OF JUDGMENT: 11\/10\/2001 BENCH: M.B. SHAH &amp; R.P. SETHI JUDGMENT: JUDGMENT 2001 Supp(4) SCR 45 The Judgment of the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-170091","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>M. 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