{"id":170152,"date":"2010-07-05T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2010-07-04T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/indira-manoharan-vs-johny-mathai-on-5-july-2010"},"modified":"2017-07-02T11:30:31","modified_gmt":"2017-07-02T06:00:31","slug":"indira-manoharan-vs-johny-mathai-on-5-july-2010","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/indira-manoharan-vs-johny-mathai-on-5-july-2010","title":{"rendered":"Indira Manoharan vs Johny Mathai on 5 July, 2010"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Kerala High Court<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Indira Manoharan vs Johny Mathai on 5 July, 2010<\/div>\n<pre>       \n\n  \n\n  \n\n \n \n  IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM\n\nMACA.No. 2858 of 2009()\n\n\n1. INDIRA MANOHARAN, W\/O. MANOHARAN,\n                      ...  Petitioner\n\n                        Vs\n\n\n\n1. JOHNY MATHAI, S\/O. MATHAI,\n                       ...       Respondent\n\n2. GRACY JOHN, W\/O. JOHNY MATHAI,\n\n3. JOICE JOHN, S\/O. JOHN MATHAI,\n\n4. JOSHY SEBASTIAN, S\/O. MATHEW DEVASIA,\n\n5. THE MANAGER,\n\n                For Petitioner  :SRI.PHILIP T.VARGHESE\n\n                For Respondent  :SRI.P.G.GANAPPAN\n\nThe Hon'ble MR. Justice A.K.BASHEER\nThe Hon'ble MR. Justice P.Q.BARKATH ALI\n\n Dated :05\/07\/2010\n\n O R D E R\n              A.K. BASHEER &amp; P.Q. BARKATH ALI, JJ.\n\n           ------------------------------------------------------\n\n                        M.A.C.A. 2858 of 2009\n\n           ------------------------------------------------------\n\n                          Dated: JULY 5, 2010\n\n                              JUDGMENT\n<\/pre>\n<p>Basheer, J.\n<\/p>\n<p>      Appellant is the owner of a stage carriage bearing registration<\/p>\n<p>No.KL-5\/T-5744. The said vehicle was involved in an accident that<\/p>\n<p>occurred on October 8, 2006 when it hit against an electric post. One<\/p>\n<p>Jobin John, who was working in the said vehicle as a Cleaner,<\/p>\n<p>sustained fatal injuries in the accident.        His legal representatives<\/p>\n<p>claimed compensation from the appellant, his driver and also the<\/p>\n<p>insurer.\n<\/p>\n<p>      2. The Tribunal after considering the contentions of the parties,<\/p>\n<p>passed an award in favour of the claimants for a sum of Rs.3,41,250\/-<\/p>\n<p>with 12% interest thereon.     The Insurance Company was directed to<\/p>\n<p>pay the compensation to the claimants with liberty to recover the<\/p>\n<p>same from the appellant\/owner and the driver. The said award is<\/p>\n<p>under challenge in this appeal.\n<\/p>\n<p>       3. It is vehemently contended by the learned counsel for the<\/p>\n<p>appellant that the Tribunal has proceeded as though the driving licence<\/p>\n<p>of the driver had expired long prior to the accident.      Learned counsel<\/p>\n<p>points out that from Ext.B1, photocopy of the driving licence produced<\/p>\n<p>M.A.C.A. 2858 of 2009<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">                                    2<\/span><\/p>\n<p>by the driver, it could not have been discerned that the driver did not<\/p>\n<p>possess a valid and effective licence on the date of the accident.<\/p>\n<p>    4. In this context it may be noticed that the accident occurred on<\/p>\n<p>October 8, 2006. A perusal of Ext.B1 will show that the driving licence<\/p>\n<p>was renewed by the driver with effect from October 19, 2006. It is<\/p>\n<p>true that Ext.B1 does not show the date on which the licence had<\/p>\n<p>expired.\n<\/p>\n<p>        5. But learned counsel for the Insurance Company invites our<\/p>\n<p>attention to the photocopy of the relevant page of the driving licence<\/p>\n<p>which was produced by the driver before the investigating officer in the<\/p>\n<p>course of    investigation of the crime registered against him.     The<\/p>\n<p>photocopy    shows that the licence had expired on July 15, 2006 i.e.<\/p>\n<p>about seven weeks prior to the accident.     It is contended by learned<\/p>\n<p>counsel    that the failure on the part of the owner and driver to<\/p>\n<p>discharge their primary burden cannot be taken as a circumstance to<\/p>\n<p>put a heavier burden on the Insurer. In fact, Ext.B1 was produced by<\/p>\n<p>the driver pursuant to a specific direction sought for by the Insurance<\/p>\n<p>Company in this regard.     It is thus contended by the learned counsel<\/p>\n<p>that the appellant cannot now turn around and say        that the entire<\/p>\n<p>burden to establish that the driver did not possess a valid licence at<\/p>\n<p>the time of the accident remained on the Insurance Company.           In<\/p>\n<p>M.A.C.A. 2858 of 2009<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">                                    3<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/doc\/1827019\/\">National Insurance Company Ltd. V. Swaran Singh<\/a> {2004 (1) KLT 781<\/p>\n<p>(SC)}, a three Judge Bench of the Apex Court had elaborately<\/p>\n<p>considered the provisions contained in Sec.149 of the Motor Vehicles<\/p>\n<p>Act and the ramifications of the expiry\/absence        of driving licence.<\/p>\n<p>Their Lordships had summed up the findings on various issues in the<\/p>\n<p>judgment and issued certain directions\/guidelines as to how the<\/p>\n<p>provisions contained in Chapter XI of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988<\/p>\n<p>have to be understood and interpreted.       Clauses (iii) to (viii) of the<\/p>\n<p>conclusions in the judgment which are relevant in this case, are<\/p>\n<p>extracted hereunder:\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>      &#8220;(iii) The breach of policy conditions, e.g., disqualification of<\/p>\n<p>            driver or invalid driving licence of the driver, as contained<\/p>\n<p>            in sub-s.(2)(a)(ii) of S.149, have to be proved to have<\/p>\n<p>            been committed by the insured for avoiding liability by the<\/p>\n<p>            insurer. Mere absence, fake or invalid driving licence or<\/p>\n<p>            disqualification of the driver for driving at the relevant<\/p>\n<p>            time, are not in themselves defences available to the<\/p>\n<p>            insurer against either the insured or the third parties.    To<\/p>\n<p>            avoid its liability towards insured, the insurer has to prove<\/p>\n<p>            that the insured was guilty of negligence and failed to<\/p>\n<p>            exercise reasonable care in the matter of fulfilling the<\/p>\n<p>M.A.C.A. 2858 of 2009<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">                                 4<\/span><\/p>\n<p>          condition of the policy regarding use of vehicles by duly<\/p>\n<p>          licensed driver or one who was not disqualified to drive at<\/p>\n<p>          the relevant time.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>     (iv)  The insurance companies are, however, with a view to<\/p>\n<p>          avoid their liability must not only establish the available<\/p>\n<p>          defence(s) raised in the said proceedings but must also<\/p>\n<p>          establish &#8216;breach&#8217; on the part of the owner of the vehicle,<\/p>\n<p>          the burden of proof wherefor would be on them.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>     (v)  The court cannot lay down any criteria as to how said<\/p>\n<p>          burden would be discharged, inasmuch as the same would<\/p>\n<p>          depend upon the facts and circumstances of each case.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>     (vi) Even where the insurer is able to prove breach on the part<\/p>\n<p>          of the insured concerning the policy condition regarding<\/p>\n<p>          holding of a valid licence by the driver or his qualification<\/p>\n<p>          to drive during the relevant period, the insurer would not<\/p>\n<p>          be allowed to avoid its liability towards insured unless the<\/p>\n<p>          said breach or breaches of the condition of driving licence<\/p>\n<p>          is\/are so fundamental as are found to have contributed to<\/p>\n<p>          the cause of the accident. The Tribunals in interpreting the<\/p>\n<p>          policy conditions would apply &#8216;the rule of main purpose&#8217;<\/p>\n<p>          and the concept of &#8216;fundamental breach&#8217; to allow defences<\/p>\n<p>M.A.C.A. 2858 of 2009<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">                                    5<\/span><\/p>\n<p>            available to the insurer under S.149(2) of the Act.<\/p>\n<p>      (vii) The question as to whether the owner has taken reasonable<\/p>\n<p>            care to find out as to whether the driving licence produced<\/p>\n<p>            by the driver, (a fake one or otherwise), does not fulfill the<\/p>\n<p>            requirements of law or not will have to be determined in<\/p>\n<p>            each case.\n<\/p>\n<p>      (viii) If a vehicle at the time of accident was driven by a person<\/p>\n<p>            having a learner&#8217;s licence, the insurance companies would<\/p>\n<p>            be liable to satisfy the decree.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>       6.     Learned counsel for the appellant, while placing heavy<\/p>\n<p>emphasis on clauses (iii) to (vii) above, submits that in the absence of<\/p>\n<p>any evidence adduced by the Insurance Company to establish that the<\/p>\n<p>appellant had been guilty of negligence and had failed to exercise<\/p>\n<p>reasonable care in the matter of fulfilling the conditions of policies<\/p>\n<p>regarding the use of vehicle by a duly licensed driver, the Tribunal was<\/p>\n<p>not justified in mulcting the appellant with liability to reimburse the<\/p>\n<p>compensation amount to the Insurance Company.                 It is also<\/p>\n<p>contended by the learned counsel that admittedly the driver employed<\/p>\n<p>by the appellant has been holding a licence to drive Heavy Passenger<\/p>\n<p>Vehicles since 1988. Even assuming without admitting that his licence<\/p>\n<p>M.A.C.A. 2858 of 2009<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">                                  6<\/span><\/p>\n<p>had expired on July 16, 2006 as contended by the Insurance<\/p>\n<p>Company, he had got it renewed within a short span of about seven<\/p>\n<p>weeks of its expiry. The oversight or failure of the driver to renew his<\/p>\n<p>licence at the appropriate time cannot be taken as a ground to fasten<\/p>\n<p>the entire burden on the owner\/appellant, especially in the absence of<\/p>\n<p>any evidence to show that the appellant had failed to get the licence<\/p>\n<p>renewed by his employee\/driver even after it had been brought to his<\/p>\n<p>notice or that the appellant had entrusted his vehicle to the driver<\/p>\n<p>even after knowing that the latter did not possess a valid and effective<\/p>\n<p>licence as on the date of the accident. Learned counsel contends that<\/p>\n<p>these are all matters which ought to have been specifically pleaded<\/p>\n<p>and proved by the Insurance Company, particularly in view of the<\/p>\n<p>dictum laid down by the Apex Court in Swaran Singh&#8217;s case (supra).<\/p>\n<p>It is further contended by the learned counsel that there is absolutely<\/p>\n<p>no pleading or proof that the accident occurred only because the driver<\/p>\n<p>was not experienced enough.\n<\/p>\n<p>        7.    We refrain from making any comment on the above<\/p>\n<p>contentions raised by the appellant or the Insurance Company at this<\/p>\n<p>stage.    In our view the entire issue relating to       liability to pay<\/p>\n<p>compensation has to be reconsidered by the Tribunal.           Therefore,<\/p>\n<p>without disturbing the finding entered by the Tribunal on the issue<\/p>\n<p>M.A.C.A. 2858 of 2009<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">                                    7<\/span><\/p>\n<p>relating to quantum, the case is remanded to the Tribunal.<\/p>\n<p>      8. The Tribunal shall afford sufficient opportunity to the appellant<\/p>\n<p>and the Insurance Company apart from the driver to adduce further<\/p>\n<p>evidence, if so advised, and take a decision in the matter as<\/p>\n<p>expeditiously as possible, at any rate, within three months from the<\/p>\n<p>date of receipt of a copy of this judgment.\n<\/p>\n<p>           The parties shall appear before the Tribunal on August 19,<\/p>\n<p>2010.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>                                           A.K. BASHEER, JUDGE<\/p>\n<p>                                           P.Q. BARKATH ALI, JUDGE<\/p>\n<p>mt\/-<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kerala High Court Indira Manoharan vs Johny Mathai on 5 July, 2010 IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM MACA.No. 2858 of 2009() 1. INDIRA MANOHARAN, W\/O. MANOHARAN, &#8230; Petitioner Vs 1. JOHNY MATHAI, S\/O. MATHAI, &#8230; Respondent 2. GRACY JOHN, W\/O. JOHNY MATHAI, 3. JOICE JOHN, S\/O. JOHN MATHAI, 4. JOSHY SEBASTIAN, S\/O. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-170152","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-high-court","category-kerala-high-court"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Indira Manoharan vs Johny Mathai on 5 July, 2010 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/indira-manoharan-vs-johny-mathai-on-5-july-2010\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Indira Manoharan vs Johny Mathai on 5 July, 2010 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; 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