{"id":171980,"date":"2007-12-12T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2007-12-11T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/mr-a-p-varghese-vs-the-kerala-state-co-operative-on-12-december-2007"},"modified":"2015-08-20T04:52:45","modified_gmt":"2015-08-19T23:22:45","slug":"mr-a-p-varghese-vs-the-kerala-state-co-operative-on-12-december-2007","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/mr-a-p-varghese-vs-the-kerala-state-co-operative-on-12-december-2007","title":{"rendered":"Mr. A.P.Varghese vs The Kerala State Co-Operative … on 12 December, 2007"},"content":{"rendered":"
Kerala High Court<\/div>\n
Mr. A.P.Varghese vs The Kerala State Co-Operative … on 12 December, 2007<\/div>\n
       \n\n  \n\n  \n\n \n \n  IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM\n\nWP(C) No. 22146 of 2007(J)\n\n\n1. MR. A.P.VARGHESE, AGED 50 YEARS,\n                      ...  Petitioner\n\n                        Vs\n\n\n\n1. THE KERALA STATE CO-OPERATIVE BANK\n                       ...       Respondent\n\n2. THE DEPUTY GENERAL MANAGER,\n\n3. THE UNION OF INDIA, REPRESENTED BY\n\n                For Petitioner  :SRI.SUNIL V.MOHAMMED\n\n                For Respondent  :SRI.NAGARAJ NARAYANAN,SC,K.S.CO-OP BANK\n\nThe Hon'ble MR. Justice THOTTATHIL B.RADHAKRISHNAN\n\n Dated :12\/12\/2007\n\n O R D E R\n         THOTTATHIL B. RADHAKRISHNAN, J.\n\n  = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =\n\n      WP(C).Nos.22146\/2007-J, 29401\/2007-A,\n\n    30189\/2007-R, 31500\/2007-Y, 31743\/2007-D,\n\n    31919\/2007-Y, 32228\/2007-J  & 32294\/2007-T\n\n  = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =\n\n     Dated this the 12th day of December, 2007.\n\n                     JUDGMENT\n<\/pre>\n
                                    “CR”\n<\/p>\n
1.Are  the Kerala   State  Co-operative  Bank,  the<\/p>\n
 District Co-operative Banks and the Urban Co-<\/p>\n
 operative Banks entitled to invoke the provisions<\/p>\n
 of the Central Act 54\/2002, hereinafter referred<\/p>\n
 to as the “SARFAESI Act”?      This is the issue<\/p>\n
 involved in these writ petitions.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.Section 13(1) of the SARFAESI Act authorizes a<\/p>\n
 secured creditor to enforce a security interest,<\/p>\n
 without   the  intervention   of   the  Court   or<\/p>\n
 Tribunal, in accordance with the provisions of<\/p>\n
 that Act.  The different clauses of Section 2(1),<\/p>\n
 forming the interpretation clause of that Act are<\/p>\n
WP(C)22146\/07 & con.cases    -: 2 :-<\/span><\/p>\n
 relevant in this context. Clause (zf) defines<\/p>\n
 “security       interest”.       Clause  (zd)  defines  a<\/p>\n
 “secured creditor” to mean any bank or financial<\/p>\n
 institution or any consortium or group of banks<\/p>\n
 or    financial         institutions    in  whose  favour<\/p>\n
 security interest is created for due repayment,<\/p>\n
 by any borrower, of any financial assistance and<\/p>\n
 includes the different entities enumerated in<\/p>\n
 sub-clauses (i) to (iii) thereof.              Clause (c)<\/p>\n
 defines a “bank” to mean, among other things,<\/p>\n
 going by sub-clause (v), such other bank which<\/p>\n
 the    Central       Government    may,  by  notification,<\/p>\n
 specify for the purpose of the SARFAESI Act.          The<\/p>\n
 Co-operative Banks, the rights of which are dealt<\/p>\n
 with in these writ petitions, can be banks for<\/p>\n
 the purpose of the SARFAESI Act, only if they<\/p>\n
 stand on the strength of notification in terms of<\/p>\n
 Clause (c)(v).\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3.The Central Government, through the Ministry of<\/p>\n
 Finance      and      Company     Affairs (Department  of<\/p>\n
 Economic Affairs) (Banking Division), have issued<\/p>\n
WP(C)22146\/07 & con.cases   -: 3 :-<\/span><\/p>\n
 notification        dated 28-1-2003,     in  exercise  of<\/p>\n
 powers conferred under item (v) of clause (c) of<\/p>\n
 sub-section (1) of Section 2 of the SARFAESI Act.<\/p>\n
 Thereby, the Central Government specified “Co-<\/p>\n
 operative Bank” as defined in Clause (cci) of<\/p>\n
 Section 5 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949,<\/p>\n
 hereinafter referred to as the “BR Act” as “bank”<\/p>\n
 for the purpose of the SARFAESI Act.<\/p>\n
4.Section      56     of  the      BR  Act   provides  the<\/p>\n
 modifications for the application of that Act to<\/p>\n
 co-operative societies.            Among other things, it<\/p>\n
 provides for the insertion of Clauses (cci),<\/p>\n
 (ccv) and (ccvii) in Section 5 of that Act.<\/p>\n
5.Clause (cci) in Section 5 of the BR Act defines a<\/p>\n
 “co-operative bank” to mean a State Co-operative<\/p>\n
 Bank, a Central Co-operative Bank and a Primary<\/p>\n
 Co-operative Bank.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
6.In Section 5 of the BR Act, Clause (ccvii)<\/p>\n
 states, among other things, that “Central Co-<\/p>\n
WP(C)22146\/07 & con.cases    -: 4 :-<\/span><\/p>\n
 operative Bank” and “State Co-operative Banks”<\/p>\n
 shall have the meanings respectively assigned to<\/p>\n
 them in the National Bank for Agriculture and<\/p>\n
 Rural     Development      Act,     1981,  for  short, the<\/p>\n
 “NABARD      Act”.      “State     Co-operative Bank”  and<\/p>\n
 “Central        Co-operative        Bank”    are   defined,<\/p>\n
 respectively, in Clauses (u)             and (d) in Section<\/p>\n
 2 of the NABARD Act.                By those definitions,<\/p>\n
 “State Co-operative Bank” means the Principal Co-<\/p>\n
 operative Society in a State, the primary object<\/p>\n
 of which is the financing of other Co-operative<\/p>\n
 Societies in the State and the “Central Co-<\/p>\n
 operative Bank” means the principal Co-operative<\/p>\n
 Society in a district in a State, the primary<\/p>\n
 object of which is the financing of other Co-<\/p>\n
 operative Societies in that district.<\/p>\n
7.The “State Co-operative Bank”, as defined in<\/p>\n
 Section       2(rb)      of    the    Kerala   Co-operative<\/p>\n
 Societies Act, 1969, hereinafter referred to as<\/p>\n
 the “KCS Act”, means an apex society having only<\/p>\n
 District       Co-operative       Banks  as   its  members.<\/p>\n
WP(C)22146\/07 & con.cases   -: 5 :-<\/span><\/p>\n
 “District       Co-operative      Bank”, as defined in<\/p>\n
 Clause (ia) of Section 2 of that Act, is a<\/p>\n
 Central Society, the principal object of which is<\/p>\n
 to raise funds to be lent to its members, with<\/p>\n
 jurisdiction over one revenue district and having<\/p>\n
 as its members any type of primary societies       and<\/p>\n
 Federal and Central Societies having headquarters<\/p>\n
 in such district.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
8.Therefore, the Kerala State Co-operative Bank is<\/p>\n
 a “State Co-operative Bank” as defined in the<\/p>\n
 NABARD Act and the District Co-operative Banks<\/p>\n
 are “Central Co-operative Banks” as defined in<\/p>\n
 that Act. Hence, they are “Co-operative Banks” as<\/p>\n
 defined in Section 5(cci) of the BR Act, falling<\/p>\n
 within the notification dated 28-1-2003, issued<\/p>\n
 under the SARFAESI Act.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
9.By Clause (ccv) in Section 5 of the BR Act,<\/p>\n
 “Primary Co-operative Bank” means a co-operative<\/p>\n
 society other than a primary agricultural credit<\/p>\n
 society; (1) the primary object or principal<\/p>\n
WP(C)22146\/07 & con.cases    -: 6 :-<\/span><\/p>\n
 business of which is the transaction of banking<\/p>\n
 business;       (2)     the paid-up    share  capital and<\/p>\n
 reserves of which are not less than one lakh of<\/p>\n
 rupees; and (3) the bye-laws of which do not<\/p>\n
 permit      admission      of     any  other  Co-operative<\/p>\n
 Society as a member.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
10.An “Urban Co-operative Bank”, going by Section 2<\/p>\n
 (ta) of the KCS Act, means a Society registered<\/p>\n
 under that Act and having its area of operation<\/p>\n
 in the urban areas and which undertakes banking<\/p>\n
 business.       It    is   not     the allegation of  the<\/p>\n
 petitioners that the bye-laws of the Urban Co-<\/p>\n
 operative Banks permit admission of any other co-<\/p>\n
 operative society as a member or that the paid-up<\/p>\n
 share capital and reserves of those banks are<\/p>\n
 less than one lakh of rupees.              Therefore, the<\/p>\n
 Urban Co-operative Banks are Primary Co-operative<\/p>\n
 Banks as defined in Clause (ccv) in Section 5 of<\/p>\n
 the BR Act and hence, Co-operative Banks as<\/p>\n
 defined in Section 5(cci) of that Act.           The Urban<\/p>\n
 Co-operative Banks also, therefore, fall within<\/p>\n
WP(C)22146\/07 & con.cases   -: 7 :-<\/span><\/p>\n
 the impugned notification.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
11.On the strength of Section 80(1) of the KCS Act<\/p>\n
 and Rule 182 of the Kerala Co-operative Societies<\/p>\n
 Rules, 1969, for short, the “KCS Rules”, the<\/p>\n
 societies in the State of Kerala are classified,<\/p>\n
 according to their type and financial position,<\/p>\n
 as shown in Appendix III to KCS Rules. “Co-<\/p>\n
 operative banks”, a type of societies, according<\/p>\n
 to that classification, is further classified<\/p>\n
 into, among other things, the Apex Banks, the<\/p>\n
 Central Co-operative Banks (District Co-operative<\/p>\n
 Banks) and other Banks. The State Co-operative<\/p>\n
 Bank is an Apex Bank; the District Co-operative<\/p>\n
 Banks are the Central Co-operative Banks and the<\/p>\n
 Urban     Banks      fall under    the category “Other<\/p>\n
 Banks”.      Such statutory classification, according<\/p>\n
 to the type of the society, is, by itself,<\/p>\n
 conclusive material to hold that primary object<\/p>\n
 or principal business of the State Co-operative<\/p>\n
 Bank, the District Co-operative Banks and the<\/p>\n
 Urban Banks in the co-operative sector is the<\/p>\n
WP(C)22146\/07 & con.cases    -: 8 :-<\/span><\/p>\n
 transaction of banking business.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
12.In view of the aforesaid statutory materials and<\/p>\n
 in the absence of any contention for the writ<\/p>\n
 petitioners that the Kerala State Co-operative<\/p>\n
 Bank Ltd., the District Co-operative Banks             and<\/p>\n
 the Urban Co-operative Banks involved in these<\/p>\n
 writ petitions are not carrying on activities in<\/p>\n
 terms of what is aforesaid, the irresistible<\/p>\n
 conclusion is that they are “co-operative banks”<\/p>\n
 for the purpose of Clause (cci) of Section 5 of<\/p>\n
 the BR Act, so modified by Clause (c) of Section<\/p>\n
 56 of that Act.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
13.As a consequence, in view of the notification<\/p>\n
 issued by the Central Government on 28-1-2003<\/p>\n
 (Ext.P6 in WP(C).31919\/2007), the provisions of<\/p>\n
 the     SARFAESI        Act   are     available to   those<\/p>\n
 institutions,          namely,     the  Kerala  State  Co-<\/p>\n
 operative Bank Ltd., the District Co-operative<\/p>\n
 Banks and the Urban Co-operative Banks, to be<\/p>\n
 invoked as enjoined by Section 13 of that Act.<\/p>\n
WP(C)22146\/07 & con.cases     -: 9 :-<\/span><\/p>\n
14.Facing the aforesaid situation emanating out of<\/p>\n
 the    interpretation       of      the  relevant statutory<\/p>\n
 provisions,        the   petitioners      contend that  the<\/p>\n
 provisions of the SARFAESI Act cannot apply to<\/p>\n
 the transactions of co-operative societies which<\/p>\n
 are governed by the provisions of the KCS Act.<\/p>\n
 They challenge the legislative competence of the<\/p>\n
 Union in that regard, by taking the stand that<\/p>\n
 “co-operative societies” is a subject included in<\/p>\n
 Entry 32 of List II, the State List, in the<\/p>\n
 Seventh Schedule to the Constitution.              On such<\/p>\n
 basis, it is argued that in the absence of a<\/p>\n
 power      with      the   Union      to  make   a  primary<\/p>\n
 legislation touching co-operative societies, the<\/p>\n
 power     of    the     Central     Government  to issue a<\/p>\n
 notification in terms of Section 2(1)(c)(v) of<\/p>\n
 the SARFAESI Act, does not include the power to<\/p>\n
 notify a co-operative bank as a bank for the<\/p>\n
 purpose of that Act. The Central Government’s<\/p>\n
 notification dated 28-1-2003 is also specifically<\/p>\n
 challenged in some of these writ petitions.<\/p>\n
WP(C)22146\/07 & con.cases   -: 10 :-<\/span><\/p>\n
15.In    support       of  the      challenge, considerable<\/p>\n
 reliance is placed on the decision of the Apex<\/p>\n
 Court in Greater Bombay Co-op. Bank Ltd. v.<\/p>\n
 United Yarn Tex (P) Ltd.<\/a> [2007 (3) KLT 302 (SC)],<\/p>\n
 hereinafter referred to as the “GBCB”. Reference<\/p>\n
 was also made on behalf of the petitioners to the<\/p>\n
 decision of the Apex Court in Virendra Pal Singh<\/p>\n
 v.     District Assistant Registrar [(1980) 4 SCC<\/p>\n
 109] and the decision of the Bombay High Court in<\/p>\n
 Nagpur District Central Cooperative Bank Ltd. v.<\/p>\n
 Divisional           Joint      Registrar,    Cooperative<\/p>\n
 Societies (AIR 1971 Bom. 365) laying down that<\/p>\n
 the provisions for banking activities by co-<\/p>\n
 operative societies, do not take the U.P.Co-<\/p>\n
 operative Societies Act, 1965 and Maharashtra Co-<\/p>\n
 operative Societies Act, 1960, respectively, out<\/p>\n
 of the purview of the Entry 32 in List II.<\/p>\n
16.To insist on the precedential value of the<\/p>\n
 verdict in GBCB, reference is made on behalf of<\/p>\n
 the petitioners, to the decisions of the Apex<\/p>\n
WP(C)22146\/07 & con.cases    -: 11 :-<\/span><\/p>\n
 Court in I.T.Commissioner v. Vazir Sultan & Sons<\/p>\n
 (AIR 1959 SC 814), State of U.P. v. Synthetics<\/p>\n
 and    Chemicals        Ltd.<\/a>   [(1991)    4  SCC  139]  and<\/p>\n
 Municipal Corpn. of Delhi v. Gurnam Kaur<\/a> [(1989)<\/p>\n
 1 SCC 101] explaining the doctrines of obiter<\/p>\n
 dicta, perincuriam and sub-silentio.<\/p>\n
17.On to the constitutional issues raised.<\/p>\n
18.Section 35 of the SARFAESI Act provides that the<\/p>\n
 provisions          thereof         shall   have    effect,<\/p>\n
 notwithstanding anything inconsistent therewith,<\/p>\n
 contained in any other law for the time being in<\/p>\n
 force, or any instrument having effect by virtue<\/p>\n
 of any such law. Chapter III of that Act relates<\/p>\n
 to Enforcement of Security Interest.             Section 13<\/p>\n
 (1) in that Chapter provides that notwithstanding<\/p>\n
 anything contained in Section 69 or Section 69-A<\/p>\n
 of     the     Transfer      of      Property  Act,   1882,<\/p>\n
 hereinafter referred to as the “TP Act”, any<\/p>\n
 security       interest    created      in  favour of   any<\/p>\n
 secured      creditor      may      be  enforced, by   such<\/p>\n
WP(C)22146\/07 & con.cases   -: 12 :-<\/span><\/p>\n
 creditor, in accordance with the provisions of<\/p>\n
 the SARFAESI Act, without the intervention of the<\/p>\n
 Court or Tribunal. The non-obstante clause               in<\/p>\n
 Section 13(1) of that Act overrides the provision<\/p>\n
 contained in Section 69 of the TP Act. Thereby,<\/p>\n
 the general law on the subject as contained in<\/p>\n
 Section 69 of the TP Act has been overridden by<\/p>\n
 the special enactment, namely, the SARFAESI Act.<\/p>\n
 This    is     a    fundamental     ground  on  which   the<\/p>\n
 distinctions        based  on      types  of  mortgages  as<\/p>\n
 available in the TP Act were held to be of no<\/p>\n
 consequence,         by  the      Apex  Court   in   Mardia<\/p>\n
 Chemicals v. Union of India<\/a> – see paragraph 42 of<\/p>\n
 that decision as reported as 2004 (2) KLT 273<\/p>\n
 (SC). “Security interest”,            going by Section 2(1)<\/p>\n
 (zf) of the SARFAESI Act, means right, title and<\/p>\n
 interest of any kind whatsoever upon property,<\/p>\n
 created in favour of any secured creditor and<\/p>\n
 includes      any     mortgage,     charge,  hypothecation,<\/p>\n
 assignment other than those specified in Section<\/p>\n
 31, in terms of which, the provisions of the<\/p>\n
 SARFAESI Act shall not apply to the different<\/p>\n
WP(C)22146\/07 & con.cases   -: 13 :-<\/span><\/p>\n
 matters enumerated in Clauses (a) to (j) therein,<\/p>\n
 including in Clause (i), any security interest<\/p>\n
 created in agricultural land. An examination of<\/p>\n
 the provisions of the SARFAESI Act, particularly<\/p>\n
 those contained in Chapter III thereof, in the<\/p>\n
 backdrop of the interpretation clause contained<\/p>\n
 in Section 2 of that Act, would show that the<\/p>\n
 said legislation is not a statute that merely<\/p>\n
 creates      an     alternate      mode of   recovery, or<\/p>\n
 provides for Courts, Tribunals or authorities<\/p>\n
 with exclusive jurisdiction and thereby changes<\/p>\n
 the forum of adjudication, unlike what has been<\/p>\n
 essentially        done   by    the   legislation  of the<\/p>\n
 Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and Financial<\/p>\n
 Institutions Act, 1993, hereinafter referred to<\/p>\n
 as the “RDB Act”.          Section 2(2) of the SARFAESI<\/p>\n
 Act provides that the words and expressions used<\/p>\n
 and not defined in that Act, but defined in the<\/p>\n
 Indian     Contract      Act   or    the TP   Act  or the<\/p>\n
 Companies Act or the Securities and Exchange<\/p>\n
 Board of India Act shall have the same meanings<\/p>\n
 respectively assigned to them in those Acts.          The<\/p>\n
WP(C)22146\/07 & con.cases    -: 14 :-<\/span><\/p>\n
 right of a secured creditor created by Section 13<\/p>\n
 of the Act with the support of the overriding<\/p>\n
 effect of the SARFAESI Act provided by Section 35<\/p>\n
 thereof,      is    the   creation     of  an  interest  in<\/p>\n
 property and not merely a modus for recovery.<\/p>\n
 The creation of that interest, which is called<\/p>\n
 “security interest”, is made by providing that<\/p>\n
 such interest shall have effect, over and above<\/p>\n
 Sections      69    and   69-A      of the  TP  Act,  which<\/p>\n
 provisions provide a right for the mortgagee to<\/p>\n
 sell      the      mortgaged       property,  without   the<\/p>\n
 intervention of the Court and for appointment of<\/p>\n
 receiver in terms of the law regulating exercise<\/p>\n
 of    such      power,     as    are   enjoined  by   those<\/p>\n
 provisions.        The creation of security interest in<\/p>\n
 terms of the SARFAESI Act, can be upon “property”<\/p>\n
 which term is defined in Section 2(t) of that<\/p>\n
 Act,    to    mean,     among     other  things,  immovable<\/p>\n
 property       and      movable     property.     Recalling<\/p>\n
 immediately that Section 31(i) of the SARFAESI<\/p>\n
 Act provides that the provisions of that Act<\/p>\n
 shall not apply to any security interest created<\/p>\n
WP(C)22146\/07 & con.cases    -: 15 :-<\/span><\/p>\n
 in agricultural land, it can be noticed that<\/p>\n
 transfer of property other than agricultural land<\/p>\n
 is a subject that falls in Entry 6 in List III –<\/p>\n
 Concurrent       List    and    contracts,  not  including<\/p>\n
 contracts        relating        to   agricultural   land,<\/p>\n
 including       the     different    types and   forms of<\/p>\n
 contracts, fall in Entry 7 of that List.              The<\/p>\n
 word “contracts” in Entry 7 uses an inclusive<\/p>\n
 mantle with an exclusionary provision relating to<\/p>\n
 agricultural        land.       Therefore,  all  contracts<\/p>\n
 including       a    charge,    hypothecation,  assignment<\/p>\n
 etc. created in favour of a secured creditor to<\/p>\n
 form a security interest in relation to property<\/p>\n
 other than those relating to agricultural land,<\/p>\n
 fall under Entry 7 in List III.             The exemption<\/p>\n
 provided by Section 31(i) of the SARFAESI Act<\/p>\n
 takes that legislation away from the pale of any<\/p>\n
 accusation that the “security interest” created<\/p>\n
 thereby       affects      agricultural    land,   thereby<\/p>\n
 exceeding the legislative competence of the Union<\/p>\n
 referable to the subject at Entry 6 in the<\/p>\n
 Concurrent List.          So much so, the matter dealt<\/p>\n
WP(C)22146\/07 & con.cases   -: 16 :-<\/span><\/p>\n
 with in Section 13(1) of the SARFAESI Act read<\/p>\n
 with relevant provisions in the interpretation<\/p>\n
 clause of that statute clearly shows that those<\/p>\n
 matters fall well within the subjects at Entries<\/p>\n
 6 and 7 of the Concurrent List.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
19.It is not the contention of the petitioners that<\/p>\n
 Entry 32 in List II takes within its sweep and<\/p>\n
 ambit, right to property.           If that were so, the<\/p>\n
 States alone will have the exclusive competence<\/p>\n
 to legislate on matters relating to immovable and<\/p>\n
 movable properties belonging to and being dealt<\/p>\n
 with by the co-operative societies.           If such a<\/p>\n
 view is possible, the TP Act cannot govern the<\/p>\n
 immovable        properties      belonging to  the   co-<\/p>\n
 operative societies.          Nor would the Contract Act<\/p>\n
 apply to the co-operative societies.<\/p>\n
20.Entries 43 and 45 in List I to the Seventh<\/p>\n
 Schedule were appreciated, qua Entry 32, in List<\/p>\n
 II, in GBCB (supra), to notice that the statutes<\/p>\n
 relating to the field of co-operative societies<\/p>\n
WP(C)22146\/07 & con.cases    -: 17 :-<\/span><\/p>\n
 that fell for consideration provided a mechanism<\/p>\n
 under      those      legislations    for   resolution of<\/p>\n
 disputes and that therefore, any exclusion of the<\/p>\n
 jurisdiction          of   those     authorities  by  the<\/p>\n
 operation of the RDB Act is constitutionally<\/p>\n
 impermissible in view of the exclusiveness given<\/p>\n
 to the fora provided by those State legislations.<\/p>\n
 In    rendering        that    verdict,   Their  Lordships<\/p>\n
 appreciated         a   classic     and  nice  distinction<\/p>\n
 between the provisions of the SARFAESI Act and<\/p>\n
 the RDB Act.            This can be noticed on a clear<\/p>\n
 reading of the assimilation of those statutes in<\/p>\n
 paragraphs 26 to 28 of that judgment.              Dealing<\/p>\n
 with the SARFAESI Act, the Apex Court noticed,<\/p>\n
 among other things, as follows:\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
           “The          Central      Government    is
\n     authorised by S.2(c)(v) of the Act to
\n     specify any other bank for the purpose of
\n     the Act. In exercise of this power, the
\n     Central Government by Notification dated
\n     28-1-2003,        has   specified   “co-operative
\n     bank” as defined in S.5(cci) of the BR
\n     Act as a “bank” by lifting the definition<\/p>\n
WP(C)22146\/07 & con.cases    -: 18 :-<\/span><\/p>\n
     of ‘co-operative bank’ and ‘primary co-
\n     operative bank’ respectively from S.56
\n     Clauses 5(cci) and (ccv) of Part V. The
\n     Parliament has thus consistently made the
\n     meaning of ‘banking company’ clear beyond
\n     doubt     to    mean   ‘a     company  engaged in
\n     banking, and not a co-operative society
\n     engaged in banking’ and in Act No.23 of
\n     1965, while amending the BR Act, it did
\n     not change the definition in S.5(c) or
\n     even     in    5(d)   to    include   co-operative
\n     banks; on the other hand, it added a
\n     separate        definition       of  ‘co-operative
\n     bank’      in     S.5(cci)      and  ‘primary co-\n<\/p>\n
     operative bank’ in S.5(ccv) of S.56 of
\n     Part V of the BR Act.             Parliament while
\n     enacting the Securitisation Act created a
\n     residuary power in S.2(c)(v) to specify
\n     any other bank as a bank for the purpose
\n     of that Act and in fact did specify ‘co-
\n     operative banks’ by Notification dated
\n     28-1-2003.”\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
21.Bearing       in      mind,      one   of   the   crucial<\/p>\n
 distinctions,         to  wit,      that the  SARFAESI Act<\/p>\n
 provides       a    residuary       power to   the  Central<\/p>\n
 Government to notify any other bank as a “bank”<\/p>\n
WP(C)22146\/07 & con.cases   -: 19 :-<\/span><\/p>\n
 for the purpose of that Act, the absence of such<\/p>\n
 a provision in the RDB Act would go a long way in<\/p>\n
 coming to the conclusion that the decision in<\/p>\n
 GBCB is not of much avail in favour of the<\/p>\n
 petitioners to accept their contention that the<\/p>\n
 said judgment is applicable to hold that the<\/p>\n
 provisions of the SARFAESI Act do not apply to<\/p>\n
 the co-operative societies. In support, I may<\/p>\n
 also refer to the decision of this Court in WP<\/p>\n
 (C).No.26110 of 2007, distinguishing GBCB.<\/p>\n
22.In dealing with Question No.1 therein, Their<\/p>\n
 Lordships noticed in GBCB, that there exists a<\/p>\n
 legal framework that specifically dealt with the<\/p>\n
 issues pertaining to co-operatives and there was<\/p>\n
 no reason or justification for covering the co-<\/p>\n
 operative banks under the provisions of the RDB<\/p>\n
 Act.       The     provisions      under the co-operative<\/p>\n
 societies law, including the KCS Act, in so far<\/p>\n
 as they relate to resolution of disputes and<\/p>\n
 recovery of amounts, are provisions which provide<\/p>\n
 forum for adjudication and are not provisions<\/p>\n
WP(C)22146\/07 & con.cases   -: 20 :-<\/span><\/p>\n
 which create, by themselves, any statutory right<\/p>\n
 relating to property.           The provisions of the RDB<\/p>\n
 Act are also those which create an alternate<\/p>\n
 forum, intended to provide a quicker mode of<\/p>\n
 recovery,         by     substituting    the    Tribunals<\/p>\n
 constituted under that Act for the civil Courts.<\/p>\n
 That necessary fall out, was in tune with the<\/p>\n
 needs of the changing times.            The RDB Act does<\/p>\n
 not provide the creation of any interest like<\/p>\n
 security interest as is created by the SARFAESI<\/p>\n
 Act.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
23.The legislative competence as regards SARFAESI<\/p>\n
 Act falls easily within Entries 6 and 7 of List<\/p>\n
 III and thereby within the competence of the<\/p>\n
 Union, even as regards the co-operative banks.<\/p>\n
 The impugned notification, issued by the Central<\/p>\n
 Government, therefore, stands.\n<\/p>\n
 For the aforesaid reasons, the issues regarding<\/p>\n
 the applicability of SARFAESI Act to the Kerala<\/p>\n
 State      Co-operative       Bank,   the  District  Co-<\/p>\n
WP(C)22146\/07 & con.cases   -: 21 :-<\/span><\/p>\n
 operative Banks and the Urban Co-operative Banks<\/p>\n
 and the validity of notification dated 28-1-2003<\/p>\n
 issued by the Central Government, in exercise of<\/p>\n
 power under Section 2(1)(c)(v) of the SARFAESI<\/p>\n
 Act, are answered against the petitioners and<\/p>\n
 these writ petitions are dismissed, preserving<\/p>\n
 the right of the petitioners for appropriate<\/p>\n
 statutory remedies in terms of the provisions in<\/p>\n
 the SARFAESI Act. No costs.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                          THOTTATHIL B. RADHAKRISHNAN,
\n                                      JUDGE.\n<\/p>\n
Sha\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kerala High Court Mr. A.P.Varghese vs The Kerala State Co-Operative … on 12 December, 2007 IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM WP(C) No. 22146 of 2007(J) 1. MR. A.P.VARGHESE, AGED 50 YEARS, … Petitioner Vs 1. THE KERALA STATE CO-OPERATIVE BANK … Respondent 2. THE DEPUTY GENERAL MANAGER, 3. THE UNION OF INDIA, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-171980","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-high-court","category-kerala-high-court"],"yoast_head":"\nMr. A.P.Varghese vs The Kerala State Co-Operative ... on 12 December, 2007 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/mr-a-p-varghese-vs-the-kerala-state-co-operative-on-12-december-2007\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mr. A.P.Varghese vs The Kerala State Co-Operative ... on 12 December, 2007 - 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