{"id":176148,"date":"1987-01-20T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1987-01-19T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/union-of-india-ors-vs-smt-charanjit-kaur-on-20-january-1987"},"modified":"2016-05-25T12:42:15","modified_gmt":"2016-05-25T07:12:15","slug":"union-of-india-ors-vs-smt-charanjit-kaur-on-20-january-1987","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/union-of-india-ors-vs-smt-charanjit-kaur-on-20-january-1987","title":{"rendered":"Union Of India & Ors vs Smt. Charanjit Kaur on 20 January, 1987"},"content":{"rendered":"
Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n
Union Of India & Ors vs Smt. Charanjit Kaur on 20 January, 1987<\/div>\n
Equivalent citations: 1987 AIR 1057, \t\t 1987 SCR (1)1080<\/div>\n
Author: O C Reddy<\/div>\n
Bench: Reddy, O. Chinnappa (J)<\/div>\n
           PETITIONER:\nUNION OF INDIA & ORS.\n\n\tVs.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nSMT. CHARANJIT KAUR\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT20\/01\/1987\n\nBENCH:\nREDDY, O. CHINNAPPA (J)\nBENCH:\nREDDY, O. CHINNAPPA (J)\nKHALID, V. (J)\n\nCITATION:\n 1987 AIR 1057\t\t  1987 SCR  (1)1080\n 1987 SCC  (1) 671\t  JT 1987 (1)\t195\n 1987 SCALE  (1)86\n\n\nACT:\n    Passport\t  Act,\t   1967:     ss.     10(3)(c)\t   &\n10(5)--Passport--Impoundment  of for activities\t detrimental\nto  sovereignty, integrity and security of  India--Relevancy\nof material.\n\n\n\nHEADNOTE:\n    The\t respondent,  wife  of a  protagonist  of  Khalistan\nresiding abroad, during her visit to India was found meeting\nextremist  leaders in Punjab. Her passport was impounded  by\nthe  Regional  Passport\t Officer under s.  10(3)(c)  of\t the\nPassport Act, 1967 in view of the grave nature of her activ-\nities  and  serious implications in  terms  of\tsovereignty,\nintegrity  and security of the country. The reasons for\t the\norder  were  however, not furnished to her in  view  of\t the\nprovisions  of s. 10(5) of the Act. The order was  confirmed\non appeal by the Chief Passport Officer.\n    The High Court took the view that there was no danger in\npresenti from respondent's activities, and quashed the order\non the ground that there was no material for the  conclusion\nof the Passport Officer that impounding of the passport\t was\nnecessary.\n    In this appeal by Special Leave by the Union of India it\nwas contended that there was information before the Regional\nPassport Officer justifying the order and it was not open to\nthe  Court  to assess the sufficiency or otherwise  of\tsuch\ninformation.  On behalf of the respondent it was urged\tthat\nthere  was no material whatsoever to indicate that  the\t re-\nspondent  was involved in any sort of political or  prejudi-\ncial  activity\tand  that her passport\thad  been  impounded\nmerely because she was the wife of a protagonist of  Khalis-\ntan.\nAllowing the Appeal, the Court,\nHELD: 1.1 The order impounding the respondent's passport was\nbased  on relevant material. The fact that she-was the\twife\nof an extremist leader residing abroad was not an irrelevant\ncircumstance though singly, by itself it may appear  innocu-\nous. That circumstance has to be viewed in conjunction\twith\nother  circumstances.  The respondent had  chosen  to  visit\nPunjab in troubled days and to call on Sant\n1081\nBhindranwala,  the acknowledged leader of the militant\tSikh\nmovement, in the company of Balbir Singh Sandhu, self-styled\nSecretary-General of the National Council of Khalistan.\t She\nwas reported to have come to India in the month of  October,\n1983 to see her mother who was said to be seriously iII. She\ntried  to  leave India on August 18, 1984.  The\t authorities\nwere,  therefore, justified in suspecting the respondent  of\nbeing an emissary or a contact person between the  extremist\nleader\tstationed  abroad and the sikh militants  in  India.\n[1084C-G]\n    1.2 If in the circumstances then existing and the  mate-\nrial available with him the Regional Passport Officer though\nthat the respondent was likely to indulge in a manner detri-\nmental\tto  the sovereignty, integrity and the\tsecurity  of\nIndia, it could not be said that he was acting on no materi-\nal. [1084G]\n    2.\tThe High Court was wrong in assuming that the  Bhin-\ndranwala  factor was extinguished with his death.  Movements\ndon't  die with individuals. It could not also be said\tthat\nthere was no present danger on the date of the impounding of\nthe  passport because that was two months after\t Bhimiranwa-\nla's  death. There was no justification for treating such  a\nrecent\tevent as an incident of the ancient past.  [1084G-H;\n1085A-B]\nManeka Gandhi v. Union of India,<\/a> [1978] 2 SCR, 621, referred\nto\n\n\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n
    CIVIL  APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal\t No.2793  of
\n1985.\n<\/p>\n
    From  the  Judgment and Order dated 13.5.  1985  of\t the
\nPunjab and Haryana High Court in C.W.P. No.236 of 1985
\n    B.\tDatta, Additional Solicitor General, C.V. Subba\t Rao
\nand P. Parmeshwaran for Appellants.\n<\/p>\n
Hardev Singh and R.S. Sodhi for the Respondent.
\nThe Judgment of the Court was delivered by
\n    CHINNAPPA REDDY, J. The passport of Smt. Charanjit\tKaur
\nwife  of Dr. Jagjit Singh Chauhan was impounded by  the\t Re-
\ngional Passport Officer, Delhi by an order dated August\t 18,
\n1984.  The reasons for the order were not furnished  to\t her
\n“in  view of the grave nature of her activities and  serious
\nimplications in terms of sovereignty
\n1082<\/span>
\nand  integrity of India and the security of India” in  terms
\nof Section 10(5) of the Passport Act, 1967. The reasons\t are
\nhowever, to be found in the note made by the Regional  Pass-
\nport Officer on the same day. Paragraphs 1 to 3 of the\tnote
\nare as follows:\n<\/p>\n
\t      “Ref. Ministry of External Affairs, New  Delhi
\n\t      letter  No. V.I\/405\/1\/102\/84 dated 18.8.\t1984
\n\t      relating\tto the activities of Smt.  Charanjit
\n\t      Kaur  wife of Shri Jagjit Singh Chauhan.\tSmt.
\n\t      Chauhan  is reported to have links  with\tSikh
\n\t      extremists and may engage in activities detri-
\n\t      mental  to the security of India. She is\talso
\n\t      planning to leave India shortly.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
\t      2.  Reported  activities\tdetrimental  to\t the
\n\t      security\tof India, attract the  provision  of
\n\t      Section 10(3)(c) of the Passport Act, 1967.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
\t      3. Due to the seriousness of the case and\t the
\n\t      likelihood of the subject trying to leave\t the
\n\t      country, in public interest, it is not consid-
\n\t      ered necessary to issue a separate show  cause
\n\t      notice. The same may, however, be incorporated
\n\t      in  the  impounding order. The  right  of\t the
\n\t      subject  for appeal and the procedure in\tthis
\n\t      regard  may  please also be explained  in\t the
\n\t      impounding order, as per the Rules.”\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
The basis of the communication from the Ministry of External
\nAffair to the Regional Passport Officer was the\t information
\nfurnished  by the Intelligence Bureau in two letters to\t the
\nfollowing effect:\n<\/p>\n
\t      “According to a report Charanjit Kaur wife  of
\n\t      Dr. Jagjit Singh-Chauhan self-styled President
\n\t      of the so-called National Council of Khalistan
\n\t      who  is  now resident in U.K. is\tplanning  to
\n\t      leave  India in the next few days. We are\t not
\n\t      aware  of her passport particulars. There\t are
\n\t      reasons  to  believe that she has\t links\twith
\n\t      Sikh  extremists and may engage in  activities
\n\t      detrimental to the security of the country and
\n\t      therefore\t she should not be allowed to  leave
\n\t      India.  It is requested that the MHA may\tcon-
\n\t      sider  the  advisability\tof  impounding\t her
\n\t      passport.” and,\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
\t      2.  Our enquiries reveal that  Smt.  Charanjit
\n\t      Kaur is presently residing at Tanda and  Nagal
\n\t      Khunga both in Hoshiarpur District.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
\t      1083<\/span><\/p>\n
\t      3. Smt. Charanjit Kaur has not come to  notice
\n\t      participating openly in political\t activities.
\n\t      She  is however the wife of Dr.  Jagjit  Singh
\n\t      Chauhan  President of the\t so-called  National
\n\t      Council  of  Khalistan based in U.K.  who\t has
\n\t      also been engaged in sustained anti-India\t and
\n\t      secessionist  activities.\t According  to\t the
\n\t      disclosures  made\t by  …..   Smt.  Charanjit
\n\t      Kaur  and\t Balbir\t Singh\tSandhu\t self-styled
\n\t      Secretary\t General of the National Council  of
\n\t      Khalistan\t used to hold frequent\tmeetings  in
\n\t      camera with Bhindrawala and his P.A. and\tthey
\n\t      served  as an important channel between  Bhin-
\n\t      drawala and his foreign links.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
\t      4. Smt. Chanranjit Kaur has also been  person-
\n\t      ally  pursuing the court cases of her  husband
\n\t      and one Ram Singh Tihara a Khalistan  Protago-
\n\t      nist in the Punjab and Haryana High Court.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
    The\t order\tof the Regional Passport Officer  which\t was
\nlater confirmed on appeal by the Chief Passport Officer\t was
\nquashed\t by  the  High Court of Punjab and  Haryana  on\t the
\nground that there was no material for the conclusion of\t the
\nRegional  Passport Officer that impounding of  the  passport
\nwas necessary in the interests of the security and integrity
\nof India and the security of India. The High Court expressed
\nthe view that the “Bhindrawala factor” stood eliminated long
\nbefore\tthe  making of the order since Bhindrawala  died  on
\n6.6.84 whereas the order impounding the passport was made on
\n18.8.84. According to the High Court it could not  therefore
\nbe  said  that\tthere was any danger in\t presenti  from\t the
\nactivities  of Smt. Charanjit Kaur. The High Court  appeared
\nto  think that the order was made for the sole\treason\tthat
\nSmt.  Charanjit Kaur happened to be the wife of\t Dr.  Jagjit
\nSingh Chauhan. The Union of India has preferred this  appeal
\nby special leave to this Court under Art. 136 of the Consti-
\ntution.\t The learned Additional Solicitor General  submitted
\nthat  there  was information before  the  Regional  Passport
\nOfficer\t about\tthe activities of the respondent  which\t was
\nprejudicial to the interests of the sovereignty and integri-
\nty  of India and the security of India and that it  was\t not
\nopen to the Court to assess the sufficiency or otherwise  of
\nthe such information. He relied on the observations of\tthis
\nCourt  in Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India,<\/a> [1978]  2  S.C.R.
\n621 where it was observed:\n<\/p>\n
\t      “In  matters such as, grant,  suspension,\t im-
\n\t      pounding\tor  cancellation of  passports,\t the
\n\t      possible dealing of an individual with nation-
\n\t      als and authorities of other States have to
\n\t      1084<\/span>
\n\t      be  considered. The contemplated\tor  possible
\n\t      activities  abroad of the individual may\thave
\n\t      to  be taken into account. There may be  ques-
\n\t      tions  of\t national safety and  welfare  which
\n\t      transcend\t the importance of the\tindividual’s
\n\t      inherent\tright to go where he or she  pleases
\n\t      to go  ….  There can be no doubt  whatsoever
\n\t      that  the orders under Section 10(3)  must  be
\n\t      based upon some material even if that material
\n\t      consists, in some cases, of reasonable  suspi-
\n\t      cion arising from certain credible  assertions
\n\t      made by reliable individuals …”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
    The\t learned  counsel for the respondent, on  the  other
\nhand,  urged that there was no material whatsoever to  indi-
\ncate that the respondent was involved in any sort of politi-
\ncal or prejudicial activity and the High Court was right  in
\nholding that her passport had been impounded merely  because
\nshe was the wife of Dr. Jagjit Singh Chauhan.
\n    We\tthink that the appeal has to be accepted.  The\tfact
\nthat the respondent is the wife of Dr. Jagjit Singh Chauhan,
\n‘Self-styled President of the so-called National Council  of
\nKhalistan’ is not an irrelevant circumstance though  singly,
\nby itself, it may appear innocuous. The circumstance has  to
\nbe viewed in conjunction with other circumstances. Here,  we
\nhave  the  circumstance\t that the wife\tof  the\t ‘Selfstyled
\nPresident  of the so-called Khalistan’ who is  stationed  in
\nEngland\t has chosen to pay a visit to Punjab in these  trou-
\nbled days and to call on Bhindrawala the acknowledged leader
\nof the militant Sikh movement in the company of Balbir Singh
\nSandhu,\t ‘Self-styled  Secretary  General  of  the  National
\nCouncil of Khalistan. She was reported to have come to India
\nin  the\t month of October, 1983, to see her mother  who\t was
\nsaid  to  be  seriously ill. She tried\tto  leave  India  on
\n18.8.1984.  Her mother died in the month of November,  1985.
\nIn  the\t context of the circumstance then existing  and\t the
\nmaterials  available with the authorities, it can surely  be
\nsaid  that the authorities were justified in suspecting\t her
\nof being an emissary or a contact person between Dr. Chauhan
\nand  the Sikh militants in India. If the  Regional  Passport
\nOfficer\t though that she was likely to indulge in  a  manner
\ndetrimental  to the sovereignty and integrity of  India\t and
\nthe security of India, it cannot be said that he was  acting
\non no material. We do not agree with the High Court that the
\n‘Bhindranwala  factor’\twas extinguished with the  death  of
\nBhindranwala. We do not understand the High Court’s view  at
\nall.  The  movement which Bhindranwala represented  has\t not
\ndied. Movements don’t die with individuals. Nor do we under-
\nstand the
\n1085<\/span>
\nview  of the High Court that there was no present danger  on
\nthe date of impounding of the passport because that was\t two
\nmonths after Bhindranwala’s death. We do not see any  justi-
\nfication for treating such a recent event as an incident  of
\nthe ancient past. We are satisfied that the order impounding
\nthe respondent’s passport is based on relevant material\t and
\nnot merely on the sole circumstance that she is the wife  of
\nDr.  Jagjit Singh Chauhan. The appeal is allowed, the  judg-
\nment of the High Court is set aside and the Writ Petition is
\ndismissed.  We\twish to add that it is always  open  to\t the
\nauthorities concerned to review the impounding order if they
\nso  desire. We are adding this sentence because\t Sri  Harder
\nSingh argued that impounding the passport meant a  permanent
\ndeprivation of the passport.\n<\/p>\n
    Before we part with the case we must express our  strong
\ndisapproval  of\t the wholesale condemnation of\tthe  Medical
\nProfession  in\tIndia  by the High Court,  implicit  in\t the
\nfollowing  observation made by the High Court: “I may  quote
\nan actual case to highlight the ignorance of Indian  Doctors
\nabout the latest techniques practised abroad”. The  occasion
\nfor making the remark was the argument advanced on behalf of
\nthe  respondent\t that he wanted to go back  to\tEngland\t for
\nbetter\ttreatment  of  her ailments. We\t consider  that\t the
\nremark\twas  totally uncalled for. The High Court  also\t ap-
\npeared to suggest that the Government of India should permit
\nthe  respondent Charanjit Kaur to go back to England and  in
\nsupport of the suggestion relied on the appeal of Late Prime
\nMinister  Mrs. Indira Gandhi to General Zia to permit  Begum
\nBhutto\tto  go abroad for treatment. The  reference  to\t the
\nappeal of Mrs. Gandhi to General Zia, in the context of\t the
\nfacts of this case, appears to us to be entirely irrelevant.\n<\/p>\n
P.S.S.\t\t\t\t\t\t      Appeal\nallowed.\n1086<\/span>\n\n\n\n<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Supreme Court of India Union Of India & Ors vs Smt. Charanjit Kaur on 20 January, 1987 Equivalent citations: 1987 AIR 1057, 1987 SCR (1)1080 Author: O C Reddy Bench: Reddy, O. Chinnappa (J) PETITIONER: UNION OF INDIA & ORS. Vs. RESPONDENT: SMT. CHARANJIT KAUR DATE OF JUDGMENT20\/01\/1987 BENCH: REDDY, O. CHINNAPPA (J) BENCH: REDDY, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-176148","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"\nUnion Of India & Ors vs Smt. 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