{"id":176744,"date":"1985-10-10T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1985-10-09T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/harbans-lal-vs-jagmohan-saran-on-10-october-1985"},"modified":"2015-03-04T05:42:45","modified_gmt":"2015-03-04T00:12:45","slug":"harbans-lal-vs-jagmohan-saran-on-10-october-1985","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/harbans-lal-vs-jagmohan-saran-on-10-october-1985","title":{"rendered":"Harbans Lal vs Jagmohan Saran on 10 October, 1985"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Harbans Lal vs Jagmohan Saran on 10 October, 1985<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_citations\">Equivalent citations: 1986 AIR  302, \t\t  1985 SCR  Supl. (3) 634<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: R Pathak<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: Pathak, R.S.<\/div>\n<pre>           PETITIONER:\nHARBANS LAL\n\n\tVs.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nJAGMOHAN SARAN\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT10\/10\/1985\n\nBENCH:\nPATHAK, R.S.\nBENCH:\nPATHAK, R.S.\nMISRA RANGNATH\n\nCITATION:\n 1986 AIR  302\t\t  1985 SCR  Supl. (3) 634\n 1985 SCC  (4) 333\t  1985 SCALE  (2)891\n CITATOR INFO :\n R\t    1987 SC 117\t (19,20)\n\n\nACT:\n     Constitution of India, Article 226 - Writ of certiorari\nWhen can  be issued  - Power of High Court to reappraise the\nevidence - When arises.\n     U.P. Urban\t Buildings (Regulation\tof Letting, Rent and\nEviction) Act,\t1972, s.  12 (1)  (b) -\t Agent\tcarrying  on\nbusiness in  the building on behalf of the original tenant -\nTenant Whether deemed to have ceased to occupy the building.\n\n\n\nHEADNOTE:\n     The respondent-landlord  filed a  petition under  8- 12\nread with  8- 16  of the U-P- Urban Buildings (Regulation of\nLetting, Rent and Eviction) Act, 1972 against the appellant-\ntenant in  respect of  a shop  situated in  the district  Of\nBulandshahr. He\t claimed a  declaration that  the  shop\t had\nfallen vacant  and that\t it should be released to him on the\nground that the appellant-tenant had sub-let the shop to one\nYadram and  had allowed\t it to be occupied by Yadram and his\nson  Madan  Lal,  neither  of  whom  was  a  member  of\t the\nappellant's family.  The prescribed  Authority dismissed the\nrespondent's petition,\tholding (i)  that the respondent had\nfailed to  prove that the appellant had sub-let the shop and\nthat it\t could be  deemed to  be vacant;  and (ii)  that the\nappellant  had\t established  that  he\twas  conducting\t his\nbusiness of  selling vegetables\t in the\t shop and that Madan\nLal sat\t in on\this behalf.  An appeal by the respondent was\nalso dismissed\tby the\tSecond\tAdditional  District  Judge,\nBulandshahr. However,  the High\t Court in  a  Writ  Petition\nfiled by the respondent, remanded the case to the prescribed\nAuthority for passing orders on the respondent's application\nfor release  of the  property from  allotment on  the ground\nthat the  appellant had\t been unable  to establish any legal\nrelationship of\t agency between\t himself and  Madan  Lal  or\nYadram and  therefore it must be taken that it was Madan Lal\nwho was\t occupying the\tshop within  the meaning  of  S.  12\n(l)(b) of the U.P. Act.\n     Allowing the appeal to this Court,\n635\n^\n     HELD: 1.  It is well known that a writ in the nature of\ncertiorari may\tbe issued  only if the order of the inferior\ntribunal or  subordinate court\tsuffers\t from  an  error  of\njurisdiction or\t from a\t breach of the principles of natural\njustice or  is vitiated\t by a  manifest or apparent error of\nlaw. There  is\tno  sanction  enabling\tthe  High  Court  to\nreappraise the evidence without sufficient reason in law and\nreach findings\tof fact\t contrary to  those rendered  by  an\ninferior court\tor subordinate\tcourt.\tWhen  a\t High  Court\nproceeds to  do so, it acts plainly in excess of its powers.\n[637 A-C]\n     In the  instant case, the finding is that Madan Lal sat\nin the\tshop conducting\t the vegetable\tselling business  on\nbehalf of  the appellant.  The\tfindings  of  fact  by\tboth\nauthorities rested-on evidence, and there was no warrant for\ndisturbing that\t finding of fact in a writ petition. [636 G-\nH]\n     2. Under  s. 12(1)(b)  of the  U.P. Act  a tenant\tof a\nbuilding is  deemed to have ceased to occupy the building if\nhe has\tallowed it to be occupied by any person who is not a\nmember of  his family.\tThe occupation of a person envisaged\nhere cannot possibly include the occupation by any person as\nthe agent  of the tenant. When a person sits in the premises\nand carries  on a business on behalf of and for the original\noccupant, it  cannot be\t said that the original occupant has\nthereby allowed\t the accommodation to be occupied within the\nmeaning of s. 12 (l)(b). [638 B-F]\n     Smt. Keshar  Bai v.  District Judge,  Mathura and Ors.,\n[1980]6 A.L.R. 165 referred to.\n\n\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>     CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 2866 of<br \/>\n1979.\n<\/p>\n<p>     From the  Judgment and  Order  dated  1.8.1979  of\t the<br \/>\nAllahabad High\tCourt in  Civil Writ  Petition No.  1942  of<br \/>\n1977.\n<\/p>\n<p>     Shankar Ghosh and B.P. Maheshwari for the Appellant.<br \/>\n     G.L. Sanghi,  Mr. Manoj Swarup and Ms. Lalita Kohli for<br \/>\nthe Respondent.\n<\/p>\n<p>     The Judgment of the Court was delivered by<br \/>\n     PATHAK, J.\t : This\t appeal by special leave is directed<br \/>\nagainst the  judgment of  the Allahabad\t High Court allowing<br \/>\nthe respondents\t writ  petition\t on  the  finding  that\t the<br \/>\naccommodation let  out to the appellant must be deemed to be<br \/>\nvacant.\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">636<\/span><\/p>\n<p>     The respondent is the landlord and the appellant is the<br \/>\ntenant of  a shop  in Mohalla  Nan  Panjan,  Khurja  in\t the<br \/>\ndistrict of  Bulandshahr. The  respondent filed\t a  petition<br \/>\nunder s.  12 read  with s.  16 of  the U.P.  Urban Buildings<br \/>\n(Regulation of Letting Rent and Eviction) Act, 1972 alleging<br \/>\nthat the  accommodation had been sub-let by the appellant to<br \/>\none Yadram, that the appellant had ceased to occupy the shop<br \/>\nand had\t allowed it  to be  occupied by\t Yadram and  his son<br \/>\nMadan Lal,  neither of\twhom was a member of the appellant&#8217;s<br \/>\nfamily. He  claimed a  declaration that\t the shop had fallen<br \/>\nvacant and that it should be released to him.\n<\/p>\n<p>     The Prescribed  Authority made  an order  dated October<br \/>\n30, 1976 rejecting the respondent&#8217;s petition, on the finding<br \/>\nthat he\t had failed  to prove that the appellant had sub-let<br \/>\nthe shop  and that it could be deemed to be vacant. He found<br \/>\nthat the  appellant had\t established that  he was conducting<br \/>\nhis business  of selling  vegetables in\t the shop  and\tthat<br \/>\nMadan Lal  sat in on his behalf. An appeal by the respondent<br \/>\nwas dismissed  by the  learned\tSecond\tAdditional  District<br \/>\nJudge, Bulandshahr by his order dated September 21, 1977. He<br \/>\naffirmed the findings of the Prescribed Authority.\n<\/p>\n<p>     The respondent  filed a  writ petition in the Allahabad<br \/>\nHigh Court,  and on August 1, 1979 a learned Single Judge of<br \/>\nthe High  Court held  that the\tappellant had been unable to<br \/>\nestablish any  legal relationship  of agency between himself<br \/>\nand Madan  Lal or Yadram and therefore it must be taken that<br \/>\nit was\tMadan Lal  who occupying the shop within the meaning<br \/>\nof s.  12 (l)(b)  of the  aforesaid U.P. Act. The High Court<br \/>\nalso declined  to  accept  the\tappellant&#8217;s  case  that\t the<br \/>\nappellant was carrying on the business of selling vegetables<br \/>\nwhen he\t was already  carrying on  a brick kiln business and<br \/>\nhad a cold storage. Holding that the property must be deemed<br \/>\nto be vacant it remanded the case to be Prescribed Authority<br \/>\nfor passing  orders  on\t the  respondent&#8217;s  application\t for<br \/>\nrelease of the property from allotment.\n<\/p>\n<p>     We are  satisfied that the High Court travelled outside<br \/>\nits jurisdiction  in embarking\tupon a\treappraisal  of\t the<br \/>\nevidence. The  Prescribed Authority  as well  as the learned<br \/>\nSecond Additional  District Judge  concurrently\t found\tthat<br \/>\nMadan Lal was sitting in the shop on behalf of the appellant<br \/>\nand deputising\tfor him in carrying on the vegetable selling<br \/>\nbusiness.  The\t findings  by  both  authorities  rested  on<br \/>\nevidence, and  there was  no  warrant  for  disturbing\tthat<br \/>\nfinding of  fact in  a writ petition. The limitations on the<br \/>\njurisdiction of the High Court under Article<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">637<\/span><br \/>\n226 of\tthe Constitution are well settled. The writ petition<br \/>\nbefore the  High Court\tprayed for  a writ  in the nature of<br \/>\ncertiorari, and\t it is\twell known that a writ in the nature<br \/>\nof certiorari  may be  issued  only  if\t the  order  of\t the<br \/>\ninferior tribunal or subordinate court suffers from an error<br \/>\nof jurisdiction,  or from  a breach  of\t the  principles  of<br \/>\nnatural Justice\t or is\tvitiated by  a manifest\t or apparent<br \/>\nerror of  law. There  is no sanction enabling the High Court<br \/>\nto reappraise  the evidence without sufficient reason in law<br \/>\nand reach  findings of fact contrary to those rendered by an<br \/>\ninferior court\tor subordinate\tcourt.\tWhen  a\t High  Court<br \/>\nproceeds to  do so, it acts plainly in excess of its powers.<br \/>\nWe are informed that a report of the Commissioner in another<br \/>\nsuit was  not considered  by the Prescribed Authority and by<br \/>\nthe learned Second Additional District Judge, and therefore,<br \/>\nit is  urged, the  High Court  was justified  in taking that<br \/>\nreport into  consideration and\tentering into an examination<br \/>\nof the\tmaterial on  the record. We have examined the report<br \/>\nof the\tCommissioner and  we find that an objection had been<br \/>\nfiled to  that report  and the\ttrial Court  had  failed  to<br \/>\ndispose\t it   of.  In\tother  words,\tthe  report  of\t the<br \/>\nCommissioner is\t not a\tfinal document\tand cannot  be taken<br \/>\ninto consideration  as it  stands. It  must,  therefore,  be<br \/>\nignored. That  being so, the finding of fact rendered by the<br \/>\nPrescribed Authority  and affirmed  by\tthe  learned  Second<br \/>\nAdditional District  Judge remains  undisturbed. The finding<br \/>\nis that\t Madan Lal  sat in the shop conducting the vegetable<br \/>\nselling business on behalf of the appellant.\n<\/p>\n<p>     The next  point to\t consider is whether the shop can be<br \/>\ndeemed to  be vacant  within the  meaning of s. 12 (l)(b) of<br \/>\nthe U.P. Act. Section 12 provides :-\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\t  &#8220;12. Deemed vacancy of building in certain cases &#8211;\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>\t  (l) A\t landlord or  tenant of\t a building shall be<br \/>\n\t  deemed to  have ceased to occupy the building or a<br \/>\n\t  part thereof if &#8211;\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>\t  (a) he has substantially removed his effects there<br \/>\n\t  from, or\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>\t  (b) he has allowed it to be occupied by any person<br \/>\n\t  who is not a member of his family, or\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>\t  (c) in  the case  of a residential building, he as<br \/>\n\t  well as  members  of\this  family  have  taken  up<br \/>\n\t  residence,   not    being   temporary\t  residence,<br \/>\n\t  elsewhere.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\t  x    x     x\t  x    x    x\t x    x\t   x&#8221;<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">638<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The deemed  vacancy  of\t a  building  is  relevant  for\t the<br \/>\nregulation of  letting such  a building.  A  building  which<br \/>\nfalls vacant  is available  for allotment  under s.16 of the<br \/>\nAct to\ta tenant.  Under s.  12 (1)(b),\t with which  we\t are<br \/>\nconcerned here,\t a tenant  of a\t building is  deemed to have<br \/>\nceased to  occupy the  building if  he has  allowed it to be<br \/>\noccupied by  any person\t who is\t not a member of his family.<br \/>\nThe occupation\tof a  person envisaged\there cannot possibly<br \/>\ninclude the  occupation by  any person\tas the\tagent of the<br \/>\ntenant. If  the contrary construction is accepted, and it is<br \/>\nheld that  a person  who is  a mere  agent or servant of the<br \/>\noriginal occupant  falls  within  the  contemplation  of  s.<br \/>\n12(1)(b), it  would be\timpossible for the original occupant<br \/>\nto engage  any person  to assist him in the discharge of his<br \/>\nresponsibilities in the place where he does so. It cannot be<br \/>\nconceived that\tthe  U.P.  Legislature\tintended  a  person,<br \/>\noccupying a building as a tenant, to live or operate in such<br \/>\na building  with members  of his  family and no one else. In<br \/>\nthe present  case, Madan  Lal sat in the shop conducting the<br \/>\nvegetable business  on behalf  of the appellant. When he did<br \/>\nso, it must be considered as an occupation by the appellant.<br \/>\nOur attention  has been drawn to Smt. Keshar Bal v. District<br \/>\nJudge, Mathura\tand Ors.,  [1980] 6 A.L.R. 165, where a Full<br \/>\nBench of  the Allahabad\t High  Court  held  that  a  &#8220;deemed<br \/>\nvacancy&#8221; would\tarise within  the meaning  of s.  12  (1)(b)<br \/>\nwhere a\t person other  than a family member was found in the<br \/>\noccupation of  a building.  It\tdoes  not  appear  that\t the<br \/>\nlearned Judges specifically considered the full significance<br \/>\nand scope  of the  expression &#8220;occupied&#8221;  in s. 12(1)(b). We<br \/>\nare of\topinion that  when a person sits in the premises and<br \/>\ncarries on  a business\ton behalf  of and  for the  original<br \/>\noccupant, it  cannot be\t said that the original occupant has<br \/>\nthereby allowed\t the accommodation to be occupied within the<br \/>\nmeaning of s. 12(1)(b).\n<\/p>\n<p>     In our  judgment, the  High Court\tis wrong  in holding<br \/>\nthat the  case attracts the provisions of s. 12(1)(b) of the<br \/>\nU.P. Act.\n<\/p>\n<p>     Upon the  aforesaid considerations,  we set  aside\t the<br \/>\njudgment and order of the High Court and restore that of the<br \/>\nPrescribed  Authority  and  the\t learned  Second  Additional<br \/>\nDistrict Judge. The appeal is allowed with costs.\n<\/p>\n<pre>M.L.A.\t\t\t\t\t     Appeal allowed.\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">639<\/span>\n\n\n\n<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India Harbans Lal vs Jagmohan Saran on 10 October, 1985 Equivalent citations: 1986 AIR 302, 1985 SCR Supl. (3) 634 Author: R Pathak Bench: Pathak, R.S. PETITIONER: HARBANS LAL Vs. RESPONDENT: JAGMOHAN SARAN DATE OF JUDGMENT10\/10\/1985 BENCH: PATHAK, R.S. BENCH: PATHAK, R.S. MISRA RANGNATH CITATION: 1986 AIR 302 1985 SCR Supl. (3) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-176744","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Harbans Lal vs Jagmohan Saran on 10 October, 1985 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/harbans-lal-vs-jagmohan-saran-on-10-october-1985\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Harbans Lal vs Jagmohan Saran on 10 October, 1985 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; 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