{"id":17832,"date":"2008-04-29T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2008-04-28T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/mrs-padma-ramanathan-vs-national-insurance-co-ltd-on-29-april-2008"},"modified":"2015-10-14T09:41:36","modified_gmt":"2015-10-14T04:11:36","slug":"mrs-padma-ramanathan-vs-national-insurance-co-ltd-on-29-april-2008","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/mrs-padma-ramanathan-vs-national-insurance-co-ltd-on-29-april-2008","title":{"rendered":"Mrs.Padma Ramanathan vs National Insurance Co.Ltd. on 29 April, 2008"},"content":{"rendered":"
National Consumer Disputes Redressal<\/div>\n
Mrs.Padma Ramanathan vs National Insurance Co.Ltd. on 29 April, 2008<\/div>\n
  \n \n \n \n \n \n NATIONAL CONSUMER DISPUTES REDRESSAL COMMISSION\n  \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\nNATIONAL CONSUMER DISPUTES REDRESSAL\nCOMMISSION \n\n   NEW DELHI.\n\n \n\n \u00a0\n\n \n\n   \n\n \n\n  ORIGINAL PETITION NO. \n173 OF 2000 \n\n \n\n   \n\n \n\n \u00a0\n\n \n\nMrs Padma Ramanathan  Complainant  \n\n \n\n  Versus \n\n \n\nNational Insurance Co. Ltd.  Opposite Party \n\n \n\n \u00a0\n\n \n\n \u00a0\n\n \n\n BEFORE: \n\n \n\n \u00a0\n\n \n\n HONBLE MR. JUSTICE M.B. SHAH, PRESIDENT. \n\n \n\n HONBLE MRS. RAJYALAKSHMI RAO, MEMBER  \n\n \n\n \u00a0\n\n \n\n \u00a0\n\n \n\nFor the Complainant  Mr. Vikramjeet Banerjee, Adv. \n\n \n\n Mr.\nVishal Pandey, Adv. \n\n \n\n \u00a0\n\n \n\nFor the Opposite Party  Mr. Joy Basu,\nAdv. \n\n \n\n Mr.\nMaibam N. Singh, Adv.  \n\n \n\n \u00a0\n\n \n\n Dated:29.04.2008 \n\n \n\n  \u00a0\n\n \n\n ORDER \n<\/pre>\n
  \u00a0<\/p>\n
  \u00a0<\/p>\n
 JUSTICE M.B. SHAH, J., PRESIDENT <\/p>\n
  \u00a0<\/p>\n
 \u00a0<\/p>\n
  The
\nonly question involved in this complaint is – Whether death caused due to
\ndrowning in a swimming pool can be considered to be accidental death in terms
\nof the insurance policy, which provides that the Insurance Company will pay to
\nthe insured or his legal representative if at any time during the currency of
\nthis policy the insured shall sustain any bodily injury resulting solely and
\ndirectly from accident caused by external, violent and visible means.\n<\/p>\n
 \u00a0<\/p>\n
  In
\nour view, in
\nthe present case, the death caused to
\nthe insured is an accidental death as it was not natural and that the insured did not intend to die by
\ndrowning. Violent means includes any external, impersonal cause, such as
\ndrowning or inhalation of gas or even undue exertion
\non the part of the assured. In such cases, the death is not due to internal
\ncause and that any cause which is not internal must be external. But this does
\nnot mean that the injury must be external. This is the law settled in   England for the identical terms of insurance policy.\n<\/p>\n
  \u00a0<\/p>\n
  \u00a0<\/p>\n
 Facts;\n<\/p>\n
  \u00a0<\/p>\n
 Late Mr.N.Ramanathan was a partner of S.R.Batliboi & Co., a firm of
\nChartered Accountants. The firm had
\nobtained a partners personal accident insurance policy from National Insurance
\nCompany Limited (hereinafter referred to as the Insurance Co.) for the period
\nbetween 19.6.96 and 18.6.97 for a total sum of Rs. 25 lakhs. On  14th July, 1996, the insured went for swimming along with his children and wife at
\nMadras Gymkhana Club around  6.15 p.m. At about  7.25 p.m. the insured took his children out of the pool and instructed his wife
\nto attend their shower and change of clothes.
\nAfter 5 to 7 minutes when the wife of the insured came to the pool area she found commotion
\nat the pool as someone was found at the
\nbottom of the pool. When the body of the
\ndeceased was pulled out by a couple of co-swimmers she came to know the drowned
\nperson was her husband. The insured at
\nthat time was unconscious. Extensive
\nefforts were made by persons present at the pool site to revive the
\ninsured. As they could not succeed in
\ntheir efforts, the insured was rushed to the   Apollo  Hospital where he was declared dead at  2.15 A.M.\n<\/p>\n
 \u00a0<\/p>\n
2. The firm which took the
\npolicy informed the insurance company about the death of the insured on
\n19.7.1996. The Complainant (wife) also
\ninformed the Opposite Party about the death of her husband. The insurance company repudiated the claim by
\ntheir letter dated 10.09.1999 wherein it has been stated as under:-\n<\/p>\n
 With reference to
\nthe captioned claim we wish to inform you that it has not been established that
\nthe death of the insured, Late N. Ramanathan has been caused due to bodily
\ninjury solely and directly caused by the external violent and visible means and
\ntherefore the claim does not come within the perview of the policy and no
\nliability whatsoever attaches to us for the alleged death of late N.
\nRamanathan.\n<\/p>\n
We are, therefore, filling away the papers
\nas NO LIABILITY which please note.\n<\/p>\n
 \u00a0<\/p>\n
 Hence,
\nthe present complaint is filed before this Commission.\n<\/p>\n
 \u00a0<\/p>\n
3. During the course
\nof hearing, it was pointed out that a similar claim of insurance was settled by
\ntwo other insurance
\ncompanies. Thereafter, after hearing the Ld. Counsel for the
\nparties exhaustively, by Order dated
\n21.11.2007 the Insurance Company was given an opportunity to reconsider its stand, after taking into
\nconsideration the settlement made by the Life Insurance Corporation as well as
\nby the New India Assurance Co. Ltd. in similar matter. However, the Insurance Company had taken the
\nstand that it is not possible to settle the matter and that it requires to be
\ndecided on merits.\n<\/p>\n
 \u00a0<\/p>\n
 Law on the
\nissue:\n<\/p>\n
4. In this view of
\nthe matter, we have heard the Ld. Counsel for the parties.\n<\/p>\n
 \u00a0<\/p>\n
  Before deciding this matter we would refer to
\nthe law settled in   England because most of the Insurance Companies have borrowed their forms of
\nthe policy from their counterparts in   England and the law settled on the subject by the English Courts can be the
\nbasis for deciding the matter.\n<\/p>\n
 \u00a0<\/p>\n
(a) In The Law of
\nInsurance by Raoul Colinvaux, Fourth Edition it has been stated by way of
\nillustration as under:-\n<\/p>\n
 \u00a0<\/p>\n
17-13 Illustrations
\nof accidents <\/p>\n
But if a man walks and stumbles, thus spraining his
\nankle, the injury is accidental, for while he intends to walk he does not
\nintend to stumble. In Hamlyan v. Crown
\nAccidental Insurance the assureds injury was due to stooping forward to pick
\nup a marble dropped by a child as it rolled from him. He stood with his legs together, separated
\nhis knees, leaned forward and made a grab at the marble, and in doing so
\nwrenched his knee. The injury was held
\nby the Court of Appeal to be accidental, on the ground that the assured did not
\nintend to get into such a position that he might wrench his knee.\n<\/p>\n
 \u00a0<\/p>\n
Further illustrations of an accident  within the meaning
\nof an accident policy are provided in cases where the assured was drowned while
\nbathing, where he sprained the muscles of his back in lifting a heavy
\nweight, even though it was in the ordinary course of his employment, and where
\nhe took a poisonous mixture by mistake instead of medicine and died
\nimmediately.\n<\/p>\n
 \u00a0<\/p>\n
 This would mean that drowning
\nwhile bathing is covered within the meaning of an accident policy.\n<\/p>\n
 \u00a0<\/p>\n
 Thereafter while discussing
\nthe phrase which is used in the forms of the policy with regard to violent it has been observed as under:-\n<\/p>\n
 \u00a0<\/p>\n
 17-15 Violent <\/p>\n
 In
\nmost of the above cases the policies insured against bodily injury caused by
\nviolent, accidental, external and visible means only, but the decisions turned
\nmainly on the question whether or not the particular injury was caused by
\naccidental means. That was because such
\nwords as violent, external, and visible have been given wide meanings,
\npractically co-extensive with accidental.\n<\/p>\n
 \u00a0<\/p>\n
Thus violent does not necessarily imply actual violence,
\nas where the assured is bitten by a dog.\n<\/p>\n
 Violent means include any external, impersonal cause, such as
\ndrowning, or the inhalation of gas, or even undue exertion on the part of the
\nassured. The word violent is merely
\nused in antithesis to without any violence at all.\n<\/p>\n
  \u00a0<\/p>\n
(b)   Similarly, in Halsburys Laws of
\nEngland this aspect is considered in para 578 wherein it has been stated as
\nunder:-\n<\/p>\n
 \u00a0<\/p>\n
578. External and visible means. External means is used to point the
\ncontrast with something internal. Any
\ncause which is not internal must be external, but this does not mean
\nthat the injury must be external; there may be, and often is,  nothing
\nexternally visible to indicate the presence of internal injury at all. The effect of the term is therefore to
\nunderline that disorders arising within the human body,  without
\nascertainable reference at all to anything coming from outside, are not
\ncovered. Therefore, there are certain
\nclasses of injury such as hernia, or of disease such as pneumonia or erysipelas
\n(skin infection), where the insured may or may not be entitled to recover,
\naccording to whether he can show that some external, as opposed to some
\ninternal, cause has operated as the effective cause.  Similarly, if a man falls into a river and
\nis drowned or falls on to a railway line and is hit by a train it is immaterial
\nthat he only fell because he had an epileptic fit; it he is alive when the
\nwater get into his lungs and leads to suffocation, or when the train cuts off
\nhis head thus stopping the motivating power to the heart, the cause of death is
\ndrowning or decapitation and not the anterior fit.\n<\/p>\n
 \u00a0<\/p>\n
Visible means
\nis an attempted refinement which has not succeeded in achieving any strictly
\nrational meaning. It has been held that
\nan external cause is necessarily a visible one.\n<\/p>\n
 \u00a0<\/p>\n
(c) Similarly,
\nin the Insurance Law by MacGillivray & Parkington under the Chapter
\nPersonal Accidents Policy it has been stated in paragraph 1791 as under:-\n<\/p>\n
1791. Violent
\nmeans. Often the element
\nof violence in an accident will be as evident as the bodily injury; the insured
\nmay, for example, be bitten by a dog or knocked down by a train or merely slip
\nand fall. In other cases it will not be
\nso obvious and it has been held that the phrase violent means is the antithesis
\nof without any violence at all. Thus
\ninjury from any extra exertion such as stopping to pick up a marble may be
\ninjury by violent means and the phrase seems to include almost any external
\ncause of injury such as drowning or the inhalation of gas.\n<\/p>\n
 \u00a0<\/p>\n
5 In
\nthe present case Ld. Counsel Mr. Joy Basu for the Insurance Company relied upon
\nthe death certificate issued by the Apollo Hospital, Madras wherein cause of
\ndeath has been stated as under:-\n<\/p>\n
Cardio-Respiratory arrest; Hypoxic-ischaemic
\nencphawpathy; Disseminated intravascular coagulation
\naccidental fresh water near drowning.\n<\/p>\n
 \u00a0<\/p>\n
 Thereafter
\nthere is another certificate of the same date wherein it has been stated as
\nunder:-\n<\/p>\n
 \u00a0<\/p>\n
Accidental fresh water drowning;\n<\/p>\n
hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathx; Disseminated
\nintravascular coagulation; cardiorespiratory arrest.\n<\/p>\n
 \u00a0<\/p>\n
 He
\nfurther submitted that the cause of death is because of cardiorespiratory and
\nnot by drowning. In elaboration of the
\nsaid submissions he relied upon the opinion given by Professor and Head of the
\nDepartment of Forensic Medicine. That opinion is further explained by the
\nProfessor in the following manner:-\n<\/p>\n
 \u00a0<\/p>\n
Prolonged Swimming causes
\nexhaustion,  <\/p>\n
Exhaustion causes anoxia, <\/p>\n
Anoxia leads to myocardial anoxia, <\/p>\n
Myocardial anoxia causes acute
\ncardiac failure,  <\/p>\n
Acute Cardiac failure resulting in
\nsilent  <\/p>\n
 \u00a0<\/p>\n
drowning.\n<\/p>\n
 \u00a0<\/p>\n
 \u00a0<\/p>\n
6. In
\nour view this opinion would support the cause of the Complainant that the
\ninsured died accidentally because of prolonged swimming which finally resulted
\nin silent drowning.\n<\/p>\n
 \u00a0<\/p>\n
  Further, there is no question
\nof intention on the part of the insured to die in such a manner. On the contrary after taking the bath for
\nsome time he saw that his children were removed from the swimming pool and were sent for
\nshower bath along with his wife. Within
\nfive to seven minutes when the wife came back she saw the unfortunate
\nevent.\n<\/p>\n
 \u00a0<\/p>\n
 In
\nthis view of the matter the stand taken by the Insurance Company cannot be
\njustified and hence,
\nwe hold that repudiation of the claim is totally unjustified. It is to be reiterated that even the Life
\nInsurance Company and the New India Assurance Company Limited have accepted the
\nclaim of the Complainant, and the terms of the LIC policy and the policy in the
\npresent case are identical.\n<\/p>\n
  In view of the above discussion, this complaint is
\nallowed. The Insurance Company is
\ndirected to reimburse the Complainant (wife of the deceased) the sum assured,
\nnamely, the sum of Rs. 25 lakhs with interest at the rate of 12% per annum from
\n14.1.1997 till its payment. The
\nInsurance Company is also directed to pay the Complainant a sum of Rs. 50,000\/- as cost of
\nlitigation.\n<\/p>\n
 Sd\/-\n<\/p>\n
…J.\n<\/p>\n
(M.B.\n<\/p>\n
SHAH) <\/p>\n
   PRESIDENT<\/p>\n
 \u00a0<\/p>\n
  Sd\/-\n<\/p>\n
 …\n<\/p>\n
  (RAJYALAKSHMI RAO) <\/p>\n
  MEMBER   <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
National Consumer Disputes Redressal Mrs.Padma Ramanathan vs National Insurance Co.Ltd. on 29 April, 2008 NATIONAL CONSUMER DISPUTES REDRESSAL COMMISSION NATIONAL CONSUMER DISPUTES REDRESSAL COMMISSION NEW DELHI. \u00a0 ORIGINAL PETITION NO. 173 OF 2000 \u00a0 Mrs Padma Ramanathan Complainant Versus National Insurance Co. Ltd. Opposite Party \u00a0 \u00a0 BEFORE: \u00a0 HONBLE MR. JUSTICE M.B. SHAH, PRESIDENT. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17832","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-judgements"],"yoast_head":"\nMrs.Padma Ramanathan vs National Insurance Co.Ltd. on 29 April, 2008 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/mrs-padma-ramanathan-vs-national-insurance-co-ltd-on-29-april-2008\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mrs.Padma Ramanathan vs National Insurance Co.Ltd. on 29 April, 2008 - 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