{"id":182152,"date":"2006-08-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2006-08-17T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/manalal-prabhudayal-vs-oriental-insurance-co-ltd-on-18-august-2006"},"modified":"2017-05-29T04:40:15","modified_gmt":"2017-05-28T23:10:15","slug":"manalal-prabhudayal-vs-oriental-insurance-co-ltd-on-18-august-2006","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/manalal-prabhudayal-vs-oriental-insurance-co-ltd-on-18-august-2006","title":{"rendered":"Manalal Prabhudayal vs Oriental Insurance Co. Ltd on 18 August, 2006"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Manalal Prabhudayal vs Oriental Insurance Co. Ltd on 18 August, 2006<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: C Thakker<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: C.K. Thakker, Markandey Katju<\/div>\n<pre>           CASE NO.:\nAppeal (civil)  3537 of 2006\n\nPETITIONER:\nManalal Prabhudayal\n\nRESPONDENT:\nOriental Insurance Co. Ltd.\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT: 18\/08\/2006\n\nBENCH:\nC.K. Thakker &amp; Markandey Katju\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>JUDGMENT<\/p>\n<p>C.K. THAKKER, J.\n<\/p>\n<p>Delay condoned.\n<\/p>\n<p>Leave granted.\n<\/p>\n<p>The present appeals arise out of an order dated January 21, 2004 passed by<br \/>\nthe High Court of Orissa at Cuttack in ARBA No. 20 of 2003 and an order<br \/>\ndated August 3, 2004 passed in Review Petition No. 11 of 2004. By the said<br \/>\norders, the High Court partly allowed the appeal filed by the Oriental<br \/>\nInsurance Co. Ltd. &#8211; respondent herein and reduced the rate of interest<br \/>\nfrom 12 per cent per annum to 6 per cent per annum with effect from<br \/>\nSeptember 19, 1995, that is, from the date of the award passed by the<br \/>\narbitrator till the date of deposit of amount in the court. (A review<br \/>\npetition, being R.P. No. 11 of 2004 filed by the appellant was also<br \/>\ndismissed by the High Court on August 3, 2004).\n<\/p>\n<p>The facts relevant for the purpose are that the appellant herein is a<br \/>\npartnership firm and is having its shop in Bhubaneswar. It was insured with<br \/>\nrespondent-Insurance Company. Insurance policy was taken by the appellant<br \/>\nin the year 1991 which was continued from time to time. The insurance<br \/>\ncoverage was to the tune of Rs.1,50,000\/- (rupees one lakh fifty thousand<br \/>\nonly). It was the case of the appellant that due to communal riots in<br \/>\nBhubaneswar in March, 1991, the shop of the appellant-firm was ransacked,<br \/>\nlooted and was razed to the ground. The total pecuniary loss sustained by<br \/>\nthe appellant was to the extent of Rs. 4,00,000\/- (rupees four lakhs only).<br \/>\nSince, however, the liability of the Insurance Company was limited to Rs.<br \/>\n1,50,000\/- (rupees one lakh fifty thousand only), the appellant lodged a<br \/>\nclaim of Rs. 1,93,075.00 (rupees one lakh ninety three thousand and seventy<br \/>\nfive only) on the basis of the amount insured at the rate of 12 per cent<br \/>\nper annum. The Insurance Company instead of allowing the claim lodged by<br \/>\nthe appellant offered an amount of Rs. 50,425\/- (rupees fifty thousand four<br \/>\nhundred and twenty five only) since, according to the Insurance Company, as<br \/>\nper the survey-report received by the Company, the loss was to that extent.<br \/>\nAs the appellant was not satisfied and the claim could not be settled, it<br \/>\ninvoked arbitration clause by issuing a notice for appointment of an<br \/>\narbitrator. An arbitrator was appointed who passed an award in Arbitration<br \/>\nCase No. 1 of 1998 on June 13, 1999 allowing the claim of the appellant<br \/>\nwith interest at the rate of 12 per cent per annum. The Insurance Company<br \/>\nwas directed to pay to the appellant a sum of rupees one lakh fifty<br \/>\nthousand &#8220;with interest @ 12 per cent per annum from the date of claim till<br \/>\npayment&#8221;. In other words, the arbitrator granted interest to the appellant<br \/>\n@ 12 per cent per annum all throughout, that is, pre-reference period,<br \/>\npendente lite and after the award till the date of payment.\n<\/p>\n<p>Proceedings had been initiated for making award a rule of the court by<br \/>\nmoving the court of Civil Judge, Senior Division, Bhubaneswar. It was<br \/>\nregistered as O.S. No. 543 of 1999. The Insurance Company also filed Misc.<br \/>\nCase No. 279 of 2002 for setting aside the award. After hearing the<br \/>\nparties, the Civil Judge, (Senior Division), Bhubaneswar vide order dated<br \/>\nOctober 9, 2002 &#8216;decreed&#8217; the suit in favour of the appellant herein. The<br \/>\naward dated June 13, 1999 in Arbitration Case No. 1 of 1998 was made rule<br \/>\nof the court and the respondent-Insurance Company was directed to pay the<br \/>\nawarded amount to the appellant within three months from the date of the<br \/>\norder.\n<\/p>\n<p>Being aggrieved by the award passed by the arbitrator and the decree passed<br \/>\nby the trial court, the respondent Company approached the High Court.<br \/>\nAccording to the High Court, no case was made out by the Insurance Company<br \/>\ninsofar as award passed by the arbitrator regarding claim of the appellant-<br \/>\nfirm was concerned. The High Court was also of the view that the award<br \/>\ngranting interest @ 12 per cent per annum for pre-reference period, that<br \/>\nis, from March 21, 1991 to September 19, 1995 was in consonance with law<br \/>\nand upheld it. It, however, held that after the award, that is, with effect<br \/>\nfrom September 19, 1995, the Insurance Company would be liable to pay<br \/>\ninterest @ 6 per cent per annum till the amount is deposited in the court.\n<\/p>\n<p>Being aggrieved by the later part of the order reducing interest from the<br \/>\ndate of award till the date of payment\/deposit, the appellant has<br \/>\napproached this Court.\n<\/p>\n<p>On July 22, 2005, notice was issued by this Court on the application for<br \/>\ncondonation of delay as also on special leave petition &#8220;to show cause why<br \/>\nthe rate of interest for the period 19.9.1995 to 13.6.1999 and then till<br \/>\nrealization be not enhanced to 12% per annum&#8221;. The Insurance Company<br \/>\nappeared in pursuance of the notice issued by this Court and has also filed<br \/>\naffidavit-in-reply on March 30, 2005.\n<\/p>\n<p>We have heard the learned counsel for the parties.\n<\/p>\n<p>The learned counsel for the appellant-firm contended that so far as the<br \/>\nclaim of the appellant is concerned, it had been upheld by the arbitrator<br \/>\nand an award dated June 13, 1999 was passed which had been made rule of the<br \/>\ncourt by the Court of Civil Judge, (Senior Division), Bhubaneswar and has<br \/>\nalso been upheld by the High Court. To that extent, therefore, the<br \/>\nappellant has no grievance. The Insurance Company has also not challenged<br \/>\nthat part of the award and it has, thus, become final. The counsel,<br \/>\nhowever, strenuously urged that the High Court has committed an error of<br \/>\nlaw as well as of jurisdiction in reducing the rate of interest from the<br \/>\ndate of award till the date of realization from 12 per cent per annum to 6<br \/>\nper cent per annum without there being any legitimate cause, reason or<br \/>\nground. It was, therefore, submitted that that part of the order deserves<br \/>\nto be set aside by restoring the award made by the arbitrator and by<br \/>\nawarding interest @ 12 per cent all throughout.\n<\/p>\n<p>The learned counsel for the respondent-Company, on the other hand,<br \/>\nsubmitted that taking into consideration commercial rate of interest, it<br \/>\nwas reduced by the High Court from the date of award till the date of<br \/>\nrealization of amount though it was not expressly stated in the order. It<br \/>\nwas also submitted that the High Court has relied upon the judgment of this<br \/>\nCourt in <a href=\"\/doc\/1146355\/\">M\/s Channa Bros. &amp; Co. v. Union of India, JT<\/a> (2002) 2 SC 643 in<br \/>\nwhich reliance was placed by this Court on an earlier order, dated November<br \/>\n27, 2001 in <a href=\"\/doc\/190698\/\">Vidyawati Construction Company v. Union of India &amp; Ors., I.A.<br \/>\nNo.<\/a> 1 in Civil Appeal No. 2337 of 1999. It was, therefore, submitted that<br \/>\nno case has been made out by the appellant to interfere with the said part<br \/>\nof the order.\n<\/p>\n<p>Having considered the rival contentions of the parties, in our opinion, the<br \/>\nappeal deserves to be allowed by granting relief to the appellant-firm. It<br \/>\nis well settled that award of interest is in the discretion of court.<br \/>\nNormally, when interest is granted, appellate, revisional or writ court<br \/>\nwould not interfere with exercise of discretion unless the discretion has<br \/>\nbeen exercised arbitrarily or capriciously. It is equally well settled that<br \/>\nlike grant of interest, rate of interest is also in the discretion of the<br \/>\ncourt and in the absence of any agreement between the parties, usually, the<br \/>\ncourt would not interfere with rate of interest unless it is convinced that<br \/>\nthe direction of the lower court was ex facie bad in law.\n<\/p>\n<p>As far as arbitration proceedings are concerned, it is well established<br \/>\nthat an arbitrator, in absence of any prohibition in an arbitration<br \/>\nagreement, has power to award interest. Though it is not a &#8220;court&#8221; within<br \/>\nthe meaning of Section 34 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, an<br \/>\narbitrator has power to grant reasonable rate of interest at all the three<br \/>\nstages; i.e. pre-reference period, pendente lite and post award period.\n<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/doc\/158187\/\">In Bhagwati Oxygen Ltd. v. Hindustan Copper Ltd.,<\/a> [2005] 6 SCC 462, one of<br \/>\nus (C.K. Thakker, J.), after considering the relevant case law on the<br \/>\npoint, held-\n<\/p>\n<p>\tNow Section 34 of the Code of Civil Procedure has no application to<br \/>\n\tarbitration proceedings since the arbitrator cannot be said to be a<br \/>\n\t&#8220;court&#8221; within the meaning of the Code. But an arbitrator has power<br \/>\n\tand jurisdiction to grant interest for all the three stages<br \/>\n\tprovided the rate of interest is reasonable.\n<\/p>\n<p>(emphasis supplied)<\/p>\n<p>It is, thus, clear that arbitrator has power to award interest at all the<br \/>\nthree stages, namely, pre-reference period, pendente lite and post award<br \/>\nperiod provided there is no provision to the contrary in an arbitration<br \/>\nagreement and the rate of interest is not unreasonable.\n<\/p>\n<p>Once it is conceded that an arbitrator has power to grant interest and has<br \/>\nalso discretion in granting interest at a particular rate provided it is<br \/>\nreasonable, the award of the arbitrator cannot be held to be bad in law or<br \/>\ninterfered with on the ground that he could not have granted interest or<br \/>\ncould not have awarded it at a particular rate unless the court is<br \/>\nconvinced that the grant of interest was not at a &#8216;reasonable rate&#8217;. From<br \/>\nthe record, it is clear that the arbitration proceedings started in 1995<br \/>\nand the award was passed in 1999. The arbitrator had granted uniform<br \/>\ninterest @ 12 per cent per annum all throughout. The award was made rule of<br \/>\nthe court and the Court of Civil Judge, (Senior Division), Bhubaneswar did<br \/>\nnot find illegality therein. The High Court, in our opinion, therefore,<br \/>\nshould not have interfered with the said order and reduced the rate of<br \/>\ninterest from the date of award till the date of realization of the amount.\n<\/p>\n<p>The High Court, no doubt, referred to M\/s Channa Bros. In our opinion,<br \/>\nhowever, the facts in that case were totally different. In that case, the<br \/>\narbitrator passed an award in favour of both the parties and granted<br \/>\ninterest in favour of one party and refused to award interest to the other<br \/>\nparty. This court in the light of facts before it, decided the matter. As<br \/>\nwe have already noted, this Court, in Bhagwati Oxygen Ltd. has held that an<br \/>\narbitrator has power to award interest at reasonable rate. In our<br \/>\nconsidered opinion, the direction of the arbitrator cannot be termed as<br \/>\narbitrary or unreasonable and when it was affirmed by the trial court, it<br \/>\nought not to have been interfered with by the High Court.\n<\/p>\n<p>For the foregoing reasons, the appeals filed by the appellant-firm deserve<br \/>\nto be allowed and are accordingly allowed. The order passed by the High<br \/>\nCourt reducing the rate of interest from September 19, 1995 till the award<br \/>\nand till the amount is paid\/deposited in the court from 12 per cent to 6<br \/>\nper cent per annum is set aside and the order passed by the arbitrator in<br \/>\nthe award granting interest at the rate of 12 per cent per annum all<br \/>\nthroughout, that is, for pre-reference period, pendente lite and post award<br \/>\nperiod is upheld. In the facts and circumstances of the case, no costs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India Manalal Prabhudayal vs Oriental Insurance Co. Ltd on 18 August, 2006 Author: C Thakker Bench: C.K. Thakker, Markandey Katju CASE NO.: Appeal (civil) 3537 of 2006 PETITIONER: Manalal Prabhudayal RESPONDENT: Oriental Insurance Co. Ltd. DATE OF JUDGMENT: 18\/08\/2006 BENCH: C.K. Thakker &amp; Markandey Katju JUDGMENT: JUDGMENT C.K. THAKKER, J. Delay condoned. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-182152","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Manalal Prabhudayal vs Oriental Insurance Co. 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