{"id":187582,"date":"2004-04-07T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2004-04-06T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/vijay-kumar-prasad-vs-state-of-bihar-ors-on-7-april-2004"},"modified":"2019-04-13T17:09:07","modified_gmt":"2019-04-13T11:39:07","slug":"vijay-kumar-prasad-vs-state-of-bihar-ors-on-7-april-2004","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/vijay-kumar-prasad-vs-state-of-bihar-ors-on-7-april-2004","title":{"rendered":"Vijay Kumar Prasad vs State Of Bihar &amp; Ors on 7 April, 2004"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Vijay Kumar Prasad vs State Of Bihar &amp; Ors on 7 April, 2004<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: J Arijit Pasayat<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: Doraiswamy Raju, Arijit Pasayat.<\/div>\n<pre>           CASE NO.:\nAppeal (crl.)  431 of 2004\n\nPETITIONER:\nVijay Kumar Prasad\n\nRESPONDENT:\nState of Bihar &amp; Ors.\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT: 07\/04\/2004\n\nBENCH:\nDORAISWAMY RAJU &amp; ARIJIT PASAYAT.\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>J U D G M E N T  <\/p>\n<p>(Arising out of SLP (Crl.) No.3151\/2003)<\/p>\n<p>ARIJIT PASAYAT,J<\/p>\n<p>\tLeave granted.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tThe present case reflects a sad state of affairs,<br \/>\nas it involves a fight between the father and his sons.<br \/>\nWhile the appellant is son of respondent No. 2 [who is<br \/>\nthe petitioner claming maintenance in terms of Section<br \/>\n125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (in short<br \/>\n&#8216;the Code&#8217;), the other respondents are appellant&#8217;s step<br \/>\nbrothers.\n<\/p>\n<p>The factual background projected by the parties<br \/>\nneed not be noted in detail as the pristine question<br \/>\ninvolved is one of law relating to jurisdiction in terms<br \/>\nof Section 126 of the Code where an application can be<br \/>\nfiled. The application was filed by the respondent No. 2\n<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; father in the Court of Chief Judicial Magistrate,<br \/>\nSiwan. The appellant filed an application for transfer<br \/>\nof the case from Siwan to Patna alleging that an<br \/>\ninfluential politician was behind the litigation, and he<br \/>\nwould not get justice if the case is tried at Siwan as<br \/>\nhe could not even arrange a lawyer to represent him.<br \/>\nAccording to him, the Court at Siwan has no jurisdiction<br \/>\nto entertain the application because the appellant lives<br \/>\nin Patna and is practising as a lawyer.  The Patna High<br \/>\nCourt rejected the application for transfer primarily on<br \/>\nthe ground that the alleged apprehensions of the<br \/>\npetitioner were not established.  The question relating<br \/>\nto jurisdiction was not specifically adverted to.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tIn support of the appeal, learned counsel for the<br \/>\nappellant submitted that the question relating to<br \/>\njurisdiction was specifically urged before the High<br \/>\nCourt.  It was clearly stated that the appellant resides<br \/>\nat Patna and the Court at Siwan could not have<br \/>\nentertained the application. In addition to the other<br \/>\naspects like inability to get lawyer, the question of<br \/>\njurisdiction was specifically urged. With reference to<br \/>\nthe language of Section 126 it is submitted that the<br \/>\nrespondent no. 2 had filed the petition before the Siwan<br \/>\nCourt claiming that he resides within the jurisdiction<br \/>\nof the said court. It is not his residence which would<br \/>\ndetermine the jurisdiction, but the place where the<br \/>\nperson from whom he claims maintenance i.e. present<br \/>\nappellant resides.\n<\/p>\n<p>In response, learned counsel for the respondents<br \/>\nsubmitted that the allegations of political influence<br \/>\nhaving been discarded by the High Court in a transfer<br \/>\npetition, it was not open to the present appellant to<br \/>\nraise the question of jurisdiction.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tThough the impugned order relates to a transfer<br \/>\npetition, the question of jurisdiction appears to have<br \/>\nbeen specifically raised before the High Court.  In<br \/>\nnormal course we would have remitted the matter to the<br \/>\nHigh Court for a decision on that aspect; but<br \/>\nconsidering the relationship of the parties and as<br \/>\nrightly submitted by learned counsel for the respondents<br \/>\nthe importance of the question, we think it appropriate<br \/>\nto examine the question of jurisdiction.\n<\/p>\n<p>Section 126 of the Code is in essence a repetition<br \/>\nof Section 488 (6) to (8) of the Code of Criminal<br \/>\nProcedure, 1898 (in short the &#8216;old Code&#8217;). Section 488<br \/>\nof the old Code corresponding to Section 126 so far as<br \/>\nrelevant read as follows:-\n<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Proceedings under this section<br \/>\nmay be taken against any person in any<br \/>\ndistrict where  he resides or is, or<br \/>\nwhere he last resided with his wife, or,<br \/>\nas the case may be, the mother of the<br \/>\nillegitimate child.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p>Section 125 deals with various categories of<br \/>\npersons who can claim maintenance.  Sections 125 and 126<br \/>\nof the Code appear in Chapter IX which carries the<br \/>\nheading &#8220;Order for maintenance of wives, children and<br \/>\nparents&#8221;.\n<\/p>\n<p>Section 125(1)(d) relates to the father or the<br \/>\nmother, unable to maintain himself or herself.\n<\/p>\n<p>Section 126(1) which is relevant for the purpose of<br \/>\nthis case reads as follows:\n<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Proceedings under section 125 may<br \/>\nbe taken against any person in any<br \/>\ndistrict &#8211;\n<\/p>\n<p>(a)\twhere he is, or\n<\/p>\n<p>(b)\twhere he or his wife resides, or\n<\/p>\n<p>(c)\twhere he last resided with<br \/>\nhis wife, or as the case may<br \/>\nbe, with the mother of the<br \/>\nillegitimate child.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p>The position of law relating to proper jurisdiction<br \/>\nwas highlighted by this Court in <a href=\"\/doc\/1126923\/\">Mst. Jagir Kaur and<br \/>\nAnother v. Jaswant Singh (AIR<\/a> 1963 SC 1521) as follows:\n<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The words of the sub-section are,<br \/>\n&#8220;resides&#8221;,&#8221;is&#8221; and &#8220;where he last<br \/>\nresided with his wife&#8221;.  Under the Code<br \/>\nof 1882 the Magistrate of the District<br \/>\nwhere the husband or father, as the case<br \/>\nmay be, resided only had jurisdiction.<br \/>\nNow the jurisdiction is wider.  It gives<br \/>\nthree alternative forums.  This in our<br \/>\nview, has been designedly done by the<br \/>\nLegislature to enable a discarded wife<br \/>\nor a helpless child to get the much<br \/>\nneeded and urgent relief in one or other<br \/>\nof the three forums convenient to them.<br \/>\nThe proceedings under this section are<br \/>\nin the nature of civil proceedings, the<br \/>\nremedy is a summary one and the person<br \/>\nseeking that remedy, as we have pointed<br \/>\nout, is ordinarily a helpless person.<br \/>\nSo the words should be liberally<br \/>\nconstrued without doing any violence to<br \/>\nthe language.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p>As noted in the above said judgment the crucial<br \/>\nexpression for the purpose of jurisdiction in respect of<br \/>\na petition which is filed by a father is not where<br \/>\n&#8220;parties reside&#8221; and &#8220;is&#8221;.\n<\/p>\n<p>It is to be noted that Clauses (b) &amp; (c) of sub<br \/>\nsection (1) of Section 126 relate to the wife and the<br \/>\nchildren under Section 125 of the Code.  The benefit<br \/>\ngiven to the wife and the children to initiate<br \/>\nproceeding at the place where they reside is not given<br \/>\nto the parents.  A bare reading of the Section makes it<br \/>\nclear that the parents cannot be placed on the same<br \/>\npedestal as that of the wife or the children for the<br \/>\npurpose of Section 126 of the Code.\n<\/p>\n<p>The basic distinction between Section 488 of the<br \/>\nold Code and Section 126 of the Code is that Section 126<br \/>\nhas essentially enlarged the venue of proceedings for<br \/>\nmaintenance so as to move the place where the wife may<br \/>\nbe residing at the date of application.  The change was<br \/>\nthought necessary because of certain observations by the<br \/>\nLaw Commission, taking note of the fact that often<br \/>\ndeserted wives are compelled to live with their<br \/>\nrelatives far away from the place where the husband and<br \/>\nwife last resided together. As noted by this Court in<br \/>\nseveral cases, proceedings under Section 125 of the Code<br \/>\nare of civil nature.  Unlike clauses (b) and (c) of<br \/>\nSection 126(1) an application by the father or the<br \/>\nmother claiming maintenance has to be filed where the<br \/>\nperson from whom maintenance is claimed lives.\n<\/p>\n<p>As has been noted in Jagir Kaur&#8217;s case (supra) the<br \/>\nexpression &#8220;is&#8221; cannot be given the same meaning as the<br \/>\nword &#8220;reside&#8221; or the expression &#8220;the last resided&#8221;.<br \/>\nIt connotes in the context the presence or the existence<br \/>\nof the persons in the district where the proceedings are<br \/>\ntaken. It is wider in its concept than the word<br \/>\n&#8220;resides&#8221; and what matters is his physical presence at<br \/>\nthe particular point of time. No finding has been<br \/>\nrecorded by the High Court on this particular aspect<br \/>\nwhich needs a factual adjudication.  The stand of the<br \/>\nappellant is that he practises in Patna and was not<br \/>\npresent  in  Siman  physically  when  the    application<br \/>\nwas    filed    for   maintenance.   Respondent  No.  2-<br \/>\nfather has indicated about the son practising in the<br \/>\nPatna High Court. Obviously if his son was practising at<br \/>\nthe time of presentation of petition in the Patna High<br \/>\nCourt, he could not have been physically present at<br \/>\nSiwan, whatever extended meaning may be given to the<br \/>\nexpression &#8220;is&#8221;. In view of this the position is clear<br \/>\nthat the Court at Siman has no jurisdiction to deal with<br \/>\nthe petition. One thing may be noted, which can clear<br \/>\nlot of cobwebs of doubt.  The expression &#8220;is&#8221; cannot be<br \/>\nconstrued to be a fleeting presence, though it may not<br \/>\nnecessarily for considerable length of time as the<br \/>\nexpression &#8220;resides&#8221; may require. Although the<br \/>\nexpression normally refers to the present, often it has<br \/>\na future meaning. It may also have a past signification<br \/>\nas in the sense of &#8220;has been&#8221;. (See F.S. Gandhi (Dead)<br \/>\nby LRs. V. Commissioner of Wealth Tax, Allahabad (AIR<br \/>\n1991 SC 1866). The true intention has to be contextually<br \/>\nculled out.\n<\/p>\n<p>In the circumstances we direct the transfer of the<br \/>\ncase to the Sessions Division of Patna, with the<br \/>\ndirection that the learned Session Judge may pass<br \/>\nappropriate orders so that the matter can be placed<br \/>\nbefore the court of competent jurisdiction.  We make it<br \/>\nclear that we have not expressed any opinion on the<br \/>\nmerits of the case and\/or on the truth or otherwise of<br \/>\nthe allegations relating to political influence or<br \/>\npressure as alleged.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tWe allow the appeal to the extent indicated.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India Vijay Kumar Prasad vs State Of Bihar &amp; Ors on 7 April, 2004 Author: J Arijit Pasayat Bench: Doraiswamy Raju, Arijit Pasayat. CASE NO.: Appeal (crl.) 431 of 2004 PETITIONER: Vijay Kumar Prasad RESPONDENT: State of Bihar &amp; Ors. DATE OF JUDGMENT: 07\/04\/2004 BENCH: DORAISWAMY RAJU &amp; ARIJIT PASAYAT. JUDGMENT: J [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-187582","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Vijay Kumar Prasad vs State Of Bihar &amp; Ors on 7 April, 2004 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/vijay-kumar-prasad-vs-state-of-bihar-ors-on-7-april-2004\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vijay Kumar Prasad vs State Of Bihar &amp; 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