{"id":188494,"date":"2005-01-11T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2005-01-10T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/k-prabhakaran-vs-p-jayarajan-on-11-january-2005"},"modified":"2017-05-04T11:41:42","modified_gmt":"2017-05-04T06:11:42","slug":"k-prabhakaran-vs-p-jayarajan-on-11-january-2005","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/k-prabhakaran-vs-p-jayarajan-on-11-january-2005","title":{"rendered":"K. Prabhakaran vs P.Jayarajan on 11 January, 2005"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">K. Prabhakaran vs P.Jayarajan on 11 January, 2005<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: K Balakrishnan<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: K.G.Balakrishnan]<\/div>\n<pre>           CASE NO.:\nAppeal (civil)  8213 of 2001\n\nPETITIONER:\nK. Prabhakaran\n\nRESPONDENT:\nP. Jayarajan\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT: 11\/01\/2005\n\nBENCH:\nK.G.Balakrishnan]\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>J U D G M E N T<\/p>\n<p>WITH<\/p>\n<p>CIVIL APPEAL NO. 6691 OF 2002<\/p>\n<p>Ramesh Singh Dalal\t\t\t\t\t.\tAppellant<\/p>\n<p>Versus<\/p>\n<p>Nafe Singh &amp; Ors.\t\t\t\t\t\t.\tRespondents<\/p>\n<p>K.G. BALAKRISHNAN, J.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tI had the advantage of reading the Judgment in draft prepared by<br \/>\nnoble and learned Brother, Lahoti, CJ, and I regret that I am unable to agree<br \/>\nwith the interpretation placed on Section 8(3) of the Representation of<br \/>\nPeople&#8217;s Act, 1951.    On all other points, I respectfully agree with the<br \/>\ndecision.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tUnder Section 8(3) of the Representation of the People&#8217;s Act, 1951, a<br \/>\nperson convicted of any offence and sentenced to imprisonment for not less<br \/>\nthan two years [other than any offence referred to in sub-Section (1) or sub-<br \/>\nSection (2)] shall be disqualified from the date of such conviction and shall<br \/>\ncontinue to be disqualified for a further period of six years since his release.<br \/>\nIf at the time of the scrutiny of the nomination papers, a person concerned<br \/>\nwas found disqualified, his nomination paper will be rejected and he would be<br \/>\nunable to contest the election.  Under Section 100 of the Representation of<br \/>\nPeople&#8217;s Act, 1951, any improper acceptance of nomination is a valid ground<br \/>\nfor declaring the election void, if the result of the election, insofar as it<br \/>\nconcerns the returned candidate, has been materially affected.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tThe question for consideration is whether in a case where the accused<br \/>\nperson has been convicted on various counts  and the total period of the<br \/>\nsentence  of imprisonment is two years or more and the Magistrate orders<br \/>\nthe sentence of imprisonment for various periods  to run consecutively, and if<br \/>\nthe total period of such  imprisonment to which the person convicted will<br \/>\nhave to undergo is  two years or more, whether  he  could be disqualified<br \/>\nunder Section 8(3) of the Representation of People&#8217;s Act.  In other words,<br \/>\neven if the sentence of imprisonment does not exceed two years or more for<br \/>\nany one of the offences for which he is convicted, whether still he could be<br \/>\ndisqualified under Section 8(3) of the Representation of the People&#8217;s Act,<br \/>\n1951 based on the order of the Magistrate\/Judge to the effect that the<br \/>\nsentence on various counts shall run consecutively.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tThe argument of the learned counsel for the appellant in Civil Appeal<br \/>\nNo. 8213 of 2001 is that it is the total period of the sentence on various<br \/>\ncounts which is  material and in the instant case, the respondent was found<br \/>\nguilty of  offences  on  six counts.    For the offence under Section 143 read<br \/>\nwith Section 149 IPC, he was sentenced to undergo R.I. for a period of one<br \/>\nyear  while for the offence under Section 3(2)(e) of the Prevention of the<br \/>\nDamage of the Public Property Act, 1984, he was sentenced to undergo R.I.<br \/>\nfor a period of one year, and for various other offences he had been<br \/>\nsentenced to imprisonment for a period ranging from one month to six<br \/>\nmonths and as the Judicial Magistrate First Class directed  that the sentences<br \/>\non various counts shall run consecutively.  It is argued by the appellant&#8217;s<br \/>\nlearned Counsel that the respondent is convicted and sentenced to<br \/>\nimprisonment for a period of more than two years and therefore disqualified<br \/>\nunder Section 8(3) of the Representation of People&#8217;s Act, 1951.  The question<br \/>\nfor consideration is whether the respondent in Civil Appeal No. 8213 of 2001<br \/>\nhad been convicted for any offence and sentenced to imprisonment for not<br \/>\nless than two years.  I am unable to subscribe to the contention advanced by<br \/>\nthe appellant&#8217;s learned Counsel that  the word &#8220;any&#8221; used in Section 8(3) of<br \/>\nthe Representation of the People&#8217;s Act, 1951 should be construed  so as to<br \/>\nmean  &#8220;more than one&#8221; or &#8220;all&#8221; or in a sense of plurality.  It is also difficult to<br \/>\nconstrue the words &#8220;not less than two years&#8221; used in Section 8(3) of the<br \/>\nRepresentation of the People&#8217;s Act by giving emphasis to the total period of<br \/>\nimprisonment that a convict may undergo if all the periods of imprisonment<br \/>\nfor various offences are put together, when it is ordered to run consecutively.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tFrom the words used in the first part of Section 8(3), viz.  &#8220;a person<br \/>\nconvicted of any offence&#8221;, it is clear that in order to incur disqualification, the<br \/>\nperson must have been convicted of any offence and sentenced to<br \/>\nimprisonment for not less than two years.  Out of the offences on six counts,<br \/>\nfor which the respondent had been found guilty, if all of them are taken<br \/>\nindividually, the respondent is not a person convicted of any offence, for<br \/>\nwhich the sentence imposed on him is more than two years.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tIn the case of the respondent, the Magistrate ordered that the<br \/>\nsentence on various counts shall run consecutively.  That does not mean that<br \/>\nthe respondent had been convicted of any offence, for which the sentence of<br \/>\nimprisonment is two years or more.  The direction   for the sentence to run<br \/>\nconcurrently or consecutively is a direction as to the mode in which the<br \/>\nsentence is to be executed.  That does not affect the nature of the sentence.<br \/>\nIt is also important to note that in the Code of Criminal Procedure, there are<br \/>\nno guidelines or specific provisions to suggest under what circumstances the<br \/>\nvarious sentences of imprisonment shall be directed to  run concurrently or<br \/>\nconsecutively.   There are no judicial decisions, to my knowledge, by superior<br \/>\ncourts laying down the guidelines as to what should be the criteria for<br \/>\ndirecting the convict to undergo imprisonment on various counts concurrently<br \/>\nor consecutively.  In certain cases, if the person convicted is a habitual<br \/>\noffender and he had been found guilty  of offences on various counts and  it<br \/>\nis suspected that he would be a menace if he is let loose on  the society, then<br \/>\nthe Court would direct that such person shall undergo the imprisonment<br \/>\nconsecutively.   Merely because the Magistrate ordered that the  sentence<br \/>\nshall run consecutively, and the aggregate period exceeds two years or<br \/>\nmore, a person convicted would not incur the disqualification under Section<br \/>\n8(3) of the Representation of the People&#8217;s Act, 1951.    If that be so, a<br \/>\nMagistrate  may order the  sentence on various counts to run concurrently  in<br \/>\none case and for the same type of offences, if another Magistrate directs  the<br \/>\nsentence on various counts to run consecutively,  the person in the latter<br \/>\ncase  would incur the disqualification whereas the former will not have any<br \/>\nsuch disqualification under Section 8(3) of the Representation of the People&#8217;s<br \/>\nAct, 1951.  The disqualification under Section 8(3) of the Representation of<br \/>\nthe People&#8217;s Act, 1951 shall not be solely dependent on the direction as to<br \/>\nthe mode in which the sentence is to be executed, especially when there are<br \/>\nno statutory or judicial guidelines in this regard.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tMoreover, if the argument of the appellant&#8217;s learned Counsel is to be<br \/>\naccepted, the words used in Section 8(3) of the Representation of People&#8217;s<br \/>\nAct, 1951 are inadequate and the Legislature would have expressed its<br \/>\nintention by stating that the total period of the sentence on various counts<br \/>\nshall be taken into consideration to consider whether the imprisonment is for<br \/>\ntwo years or more.\n<\/p>\n<p>\tSection 8(3) of the Representation of People&#8217;s Act, 1951 is a provision<br \/>\nby which a person is disqualified from contesting the election.  These words<br \/>\nare to be strictly interpreted and if only the person squarely comes within the<br \/>\nfour corners of the ordinary meaning of the words used in the section, the<br \/>\ndisqualification could be used against him.  If he has not been convicted for<br \/>\nany offence, for not less than two years, he is not liable to be disqualified<br \/>\nfrom contesting the election.  Of course, the criminalization of politics has<br \/>\nbecome a serious problem to be tackled and nobody would dispute that it<br \/>\naffects the very foundation of our democratic institutions,  but that by itself is<br \/>\nnot sufficient to interpret the words in a very expansive manner so as to<br \/>\ninclude within its ambit the persons who are strictly not coming within its<br \/>\npurview, especially when the disqualification is not only from contesting the<br \/>\nelection and the disqualification would continue for a further period of six<br \/>\nyears since the release.\n<\/p>\n<p>It is the gravity of the offence that matters and not the conviction for<br \/>\nvarious minor offences and the total period of two years or more to be<br \/>\ncalculated by not putting together all sentences for various minor offences.<br \/>\n&#8220;Any offence&#8221; used in Section 8(3) of the Representation of People&#8217;s Act,<br \/>\n1951 is to be taken as &#8220;out of many offences&#8221; and the respondent in Civil<br \/>\nAppeal No. 8213 of 2001 has not been convicted for any offence, for which<br \/>\nthe imprisonment is for a period of not less than two years and he was not<br \/>\ndisqualified and, in my opinion, the High Court rightly decided the question in<br \/>\nhis favour.  The Election Petition filed by the appellant in Civil Appeal No.<br \/>\n8213 of 2001 was rightly rejected.  Civil Appeal No. 8213 of 2001 is liable to<br \/>\nbe dismissed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India K. Prabhakaran vs P.Jayarajan on 11 January, 2005 Author: K Balakrishnan Bench: K.G.Balakrishnan] CASE NO.: Appeal (civil) 8213 of 2001 PETITIONER: K. Prabhakaran RESPONDENT: P. Jayarajan DATE OF JUDGMENT: 11\/01\/2005 BENCH: K.G.Balakrishnan] JUDGMENT: J U D G M E N T WITH CIVIL APPEAL NO. 6691 OF 2002 Ramesh Singh Dalal [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-188494","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>K. 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