{"id":191224,"date":"1954-07-07T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1954-07-06T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/des-raj-vs-ram-singh-and-ors-on-7-july-1954"},"modified":"2016-02-28T12:09:42","modified_gmt":"2016-02-28T06:39:42","slug":"des-raj-vs-ram-singh-and-ors-on-7-july-1954","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/des-raj-vs-ram-singh-and-ors-on-7-july-1954","title":{"rendered":"Des Raj vs Ram Singh And Ors. on 7 July, 1954"},"content":{"rendered":"
Punjab-Haryana High Court<\/div>\n
Des Raj vs Ram Singh And Ors. on 7 July, 1954<\/div>\n
Equivalent citations: AIR 1955 P H 92<\/div>\n
Bench: Kapur<\/div>\n<\/p>\n
<\/pre>\n
JUDGMENT<\/p>\n
 1. This   is    a    defendant’s   appeal against an appellate decree of Mr. Sehe Parshad,<\/p>\n
Senior Subordinate Judge, dated 4-3-1949, decreeing the plaintiffs’ suit for declaration and injunction.\n<\/p>\n
 2. Somewhere before 1882, but the Courts have taken   it   to  be    1882,   one  Basti   mortgaged   the land in dispute to the predecessors-in-interest  of Dalel Singh and others.    On the death of Basti without  any  issue or  a   widow    his   estate   was mutated  in  favour  of  the  shamilat  patti’  which includes Des Raj and others or their predecessors-in-interest. Des Raj  and  others applied for restitution of  the mortgage  under the Restitution of Mortgaged Lands Act which was granted by the Collector on payment of some compensation. The successors   of   the   mortgagees,   Dalel   Singh   and others, brought a suit for declaration and for injunction.    The trial Court held that the mortgage was more   than sixty   years old   when   the   suits was   brought   and   therefore   the   Collector   could not  make an  order  for   restitution,   and  this  on appeal was  confirmed  by  the  Senior  Subordinate Judge.\n<\/p>\n
 3. In this second appeal the defendant has raised two points. Firstly, he submits that if the mortgage was subsisting when the Act came into force, i.e., in 1938, then the Collector had jurisdiction, and secondly, that no civil suit can be brought because the Restitution of Mortgaged Lands Act is a complete Code by itself and it confers exclusive jurisdiction on the Collector to deride the question whether the mortgage still subsists or not.\n<\/p>\n
 4. As to the first point, I do not think it necessary  to say very  much  because  it  has   been  held in this Court that the  time  to  be  taken  is from. The  date  of  the  filing  of  the  suit and   not  from the   coming  into  force  of   the   Act,   and   I  would therefore   overrule   that   contention.\n<\/p>\n
 5. The next question which has been raised boils down to this that the civil Courts have no jurisdiction to interfere with the decision given by the Collector as to the subsisting nature of the mortgage. Section 2, Restitution of Mortgaged Lands Act hereinafter referred to as the Act provides that the Act applies to any subsisting mortgage which was effected prior to 8-6-1901, and according to Section 7 the applicability of the Act is dependent on a finding given by the Collector that the mortgage is one to which the Act applies, and then the Collector has to proceed in accordance with the procedure laid down in the Act. By Section 12 of the Act the jurisdiction of civil Courts to interfere with the orders of the Collector is excluded, and it was contended that this Act is a Code which supplier, the remedy, lays down the procedure to be followed and excludes the jurisdiction of civil Courts and is, therefore, a complete Code by itself within the rule laid down by the Supreme Court in — ‘Brij Raj Krishna v. S. K. Shaw & Bros.’, AIR<\/a> 1951 SC 115 (A) and in — ‘Ponnuswami v. Returning Officer, Namakkal Constituency’. AIR 1952 SC 64 (B).\n<\/p>\n
 6. The former case was under the Bihar Buildings (Lease, Rent and Eviction) Control Act, 1947, in which eviction had been ordered by the Controller on the around of non-payment of rent, and in a suit brought to set aside that order, it was held that even if the Controller had wrongly decided the question as to the non-payment of rent, his order for eviction cannot be questioned<\/p>\n
in a civil Court. Reliance was placed in that case on the statement of the law by Lord Esher M. R. in — ‘The Queen v. Commissioners for Special Purposes of the Income-tax’, (1888) 21 QBD 313 at p. 319 (C) and to — ‘The Colonial Bank of Australasia v. Willan’, (1874) 5 PC 417 at p. 443 (D) where the Privy Council dealing with the principles on which a writ of certiorari may be issued said:\n<\/p>\n
 “Accordingly, the authorities *              *            * <\/p>\n
 establish that an adjudication by a Judge having jurisdiction   over   the   subject-matter   is,   if   no defect, appears  on  the  face of it, to be taken as   conclusive   of  the   facts   stated   therein,   and that  the  Court  of  Queen’s  Bench  will   not   on certiorari   quash  such   an adjudication  on   the ground  that  any such   fact,  however   essential, has been erroneously found.”\n<\/p>\n
 Thus,   according  to  this,   if   there    is   a   defect apparent on  the face of the record a civil Court will  have   the   power   to   interfere.     Besides   the eviction of tenants on certain grounds has  been created by the Bihar Rent Control Act and the remedy has also been given under that Act, and therefore  under  the  rule  which   I  shall  refer   to presently the Controller has exclusive jurisdiction to try and decide question in regard to evictions.\n<\/p>\n
 7. The   second   case   relates   to   an   election matter and Fazl Ali J. was of the   opinion that it falls within the third class of cases given in the judgment of Willes J.  in — ‘Wolverhampton New Water Works Co.  v.  Hawkesford’,   (1859)   6 CBNS 336 at p. 356 (E), where the learned Judge said:\n<\/p>\n
  “But there is a third class, viz., where a liability not   existing   at   common   law   is   created   by   a statute which at the same  time gives a special and particular remedy for enforcing it……….The   remedy  provided   by  the  statute   must  be followed,  and  it  is  not  competent  to the  party to pursue the course applicable to cases of the second  class.    The  form  given  by the  statute must be adopted and adhered to.” Reference was also made in that case to a judgment of Lord Cairns in — ‘Theberge v. Laudry’. (1876) 2 AC 102 (F), where his Lordship had said:\n<\/p>\n
 “A jurisdiction of that kind is extremely special, and one of the obvious incidents or consequences of such a jurisdiction must be that the jurisdiction, by whomsoever it is to be exercised, should be exercised in a way that should as soon as possible   become   conclusive;     and    enable   the constitution of the  Legislative Assembly to  be distinctly and speedily known.” It was, therefore, held by the Supreme Court that because of the provisions of Article 329(b) of the Constitution  of   India and  Section 80  Representation of the People Act,  1951, the High Court had no jurisdiction   to   interfere   with   the   order  of   the Returning   Officer,   and   also   it   was   stated   that where a right or liability is created by a statute which gives a special remedy for enforcing it, the remedy  provided   by that   statute  only   must   be availed of.\n<\/p>\n
 8. Now, these were special cases dealing with special branches of law for which the Legislature has provided special remedies, but there is another class of cases which lays down that it is for the Courts of general Jurisdiction to examine whether the provisions of a special Act have been com-\n<\/p>\n
plied with or the statutory tribunal created by the special Act has acted within the powers conferred   on it:   see — ‘Lachhman   Singh v.   Natha Singh’, AIR 1940 Lah 401 at p. 407 (FB)   (G)  and — ‘K.L. Gauba v. Punjab Cotton Press Ltd.’, AIR 1941 Lah 234 at p. 236 (FB) (H) which are in accord with the rule laid down by the Privy Council in – ‘Secy. of State v. Mask & Co.’, AIR 1940 PC 105 at p. 110 (I) where Lord Thankerton said:\n<\/p>\n
  “It is settled law that the exclusion of the jurisdiction of the civil Courts is not to be readily inferred, but that such exclusion must either be explicitly expressed or clearly implied. It is also well-settled that   even if   jurisdiction   is so excluded,   the civil   Courts   have   jurisdiction   to examine into cases where the provisions of the Act have not been complied with, or the statutory tribunal has not acted in conformity with the   fundamental   principles   of   judicial   procedure.”\n<\/p>\n
 and  the statement in  (1874)  5 PC 417  at p. 443 (D) is to the same effect.\n<\/p>\n
 9. Indeed, it could not have been the intention of the Legislature to give to the statutory tribunal, that is, the Collector the power to decide in all cases the facts rightly or wrongly and thus arrogate to himself a jurisdiction which did not vest, in him, and it is one of the functions of the Courts to see that all administrative tribunals act within their jurisdiction. As a matter of fact, it is for the Courts to canalise the jurisdiction of the administrative tribunals and to see that they do not overflow the banks. In my opinion, therefore, it, cannot be said that the Collector had exclusive jurisdiction and the civil Court has no jurisdiction to see whether the impugned” mortgage was subsisting at the date when the Collector exercised jurisdiction. The Lahore High Court in – ‘Allah Bakhsh v. Tek Chand’, 48 Pun LR 498 (J) has taken this view and I am in respectful agreement with it.\n<\/p>\n
 10. As the matter is being decided at a time when the Constitution of India has come into force the special jurisdiction of the Collector may well be an infringement of Article 14 of the Constitution and therefore hit by Article 13 of the Constitution, but as the matter has not been argued I prefer not to express any final opinion on this point.\n<\/p>\n
 11. I would, therefore, dismiss this appeal with
\ncosts throughout.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Punjab-Haryana High Court Des Raj vs Ram Singh And Ors. on 7 July, 1954 Equivalent citations: AIR 1955 P H 92 Bench: Kapur JUDGMENT 1. This is a defendant’s appeal against an appellate decree of Mr. Sehe Parshad, Senior Subordinate Judge, dated 4-3-1949, decreeing the plaintiffs’ suit for declaration and injunction. 2. Somewhere before 1882, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-191224","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-high-court","category-punjab-haryana-high-court"],"yoast_head":"\nDes Raj vs Ram Singh And Ors. on 7 July, 1954 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/des-raj-vs-ram-singh-and-ors-on-7-july-1954\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Des Raj vs Ram Singh And Ors. on 7 July, 1954 - 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