{"id":203455,"date":"2010-05-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2010-05-17T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/k-a-jelton-vs-the-superintending-engineer-on-18-may-2010"},"modified":"2018-04-18T13:27:17","modified_gmt":"2018-04-18T07:57:17","slug":"k-a-jelton-vs-the-superintending-engineer-on-18-may-2010","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/k-a-jelton-vs-the-superintending-engineer-on-18-may-2010","title":{"rendered":"K.A.Jelton vs The Superintending Engineer on 18 May, 2010"},"content":{"rendered":"
Kerala High Court<\/div>\n
K.A.Jelton vs The Superintending Engineer on 18 May, 2010<\/div>\n
       \n\n  \n\n  \n\n \n \n  IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM\n\nWP(C).No. 22606 of 2009(U)\n\n\n1. K.A.JELTON, GOVT.CONTRACTOR,\n                      ...  Petitioner\n\n                        Vs\n\n\n\n1. THE SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER,\n                       ...       Respondent\n\n2. THE EXECUTIVE ENGINEER,\n\n                For Petitioner  :SRI.BABU JOSEPH KURUVATHAZHA\n\n                For Respondent  :GOVERNMENT PLEADER\n\nThe Hon'ble MR. Justice THOTTATHIL B.RADHAKRISHNAN\nThe Hon'ble MR. Justice S.S.SATHEESACHANDRAN\n\n Dated :18\/05\/2010\n\n O R D E R\n<\/pre>\n
            Thottathil B.Radhakrishnan<\/p>\n
                         &<\/p>\n
            S.S.Satheesachandran, JJ.\n<\/p>\n
  = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =<\/p>\n
            W.P.(C).No.22606 of 2009-U<\/p>\n
  = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =<\/p>\n
        Dated this the 18th day of May, 2010.<\/p>\n
                     Judgment<\/p>\n
                                         “CR”\n<\/p>\n
Thottathil B.Radhakrishnan, J.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1.This matter comes to the Division Bench on a<\/p>\n
 reference by learned single Judge.<\/p>\n
2.Petitioner is a licensed Government contractor to<\/p>\n
 whom an amount of Rs.7,50,000\/- is stated to be<\/p>\n
 due from the Government for certain works done.<\/p>\n
 After   responding  to   Exts.P1   and  P3  tender<\/p>\n
 notifications inviting sealed tenders for certain<\/p>\n
 other   works,   the    petitioner   submitted   a<\/p>\n
 representation, inter alia, requesting that the<\/p>\n
WPC22606\/09            -: 2 :-<\/span><\/p>\n
 actual remittance of Earned Money Deposit be<\/p>\n
 dispensed with and that the amounts due to him<\/p>\n
 under different bills pending with the second<\/p>\n
 respondent be adjusted towards such E.M.D. He,<\/p>\n
 thereafter, filed this writ petition seeking the<\/p>\n
 issuance     of   a   direction    commanding  the<\/p>\n
 respondents to permit him to submit the tenders<\/p>\n
 for the works included in Exts.P1 and P3 tender<\/p>\n
 notices, without remitting EMD on condition of<\/p>\n
 adjustment as claimed by him. In support, the<\/p>\n
 petitioner projected Exts.P5 to P8 judgments of<\/p>\n
 this Court as having been rendered considering<\/p>\n
 similar     issue.  He     also  sought  that  the<\/p>\n
 respondents be directed to consider and dispose<\/p>\n
 of his Exts.P2 and P4 representations, in the<\/p>\n
 light of those judgments.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3.The learned single Judge, on hearing the writ<\/p>\n
 petition,    found  no   way   to  concede to  the<\/p>\n
 aforesaid request since there was no condition in<\/p>\n
 the tender document either to waive EMD or to<\/p>\n
 relax     the provision    that the  EMD  shall be<\/p>\n
WPC22606\/09            -: 3 :-<\/span><\/p>\n
 forfeited. It was also found that there is no<\/p>\n
 specific    provision   in    the  tender  document<\/p>\n
 authorising the Superintending Engineer to make<\/p>\n
 any relaxation. Therefore, disagreeing with the<\/p>\n
 views in Exts.P5 to P8 judgments, the matter has<\/p>\n
 been referred for consideration by the Division<\/p>\n
 Bench.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4.Before us, with the passage of time, it is<\/p>\n
 pointed out on the strength of the affidavit of<\/p>\n
 the Department that the amounts due to different<\/p>\n
 contractors till 31.3.2009 have been disbursed<\/p>\n
 and obviously, there is no question of inordinate<\/p>\n
 delay     in disbursing     the amounts  which are<\/p>\n
 admittedly due to the different contractors.<\/p>\n
5.Exts.P5 to P8 judgments were issued directing the<\/p>\n
 respondents to permit the petitioners therein, to<\/p>\n
 effect the Earnest Money Deposit by adjusting the<\/p>\n
 same against amounts which were claimed to be due<\/p>\n
 to    the   respective   petitioners  therein. The<\/p>\n
 petitioner,    according     to  his  counsel,  is<\/p>\n
WPC22606\/09           -: 4 :-<\/span><\/p>\n
 similarly situated to the beneficiaries of those<\/p>\n
 judgments.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
6.Going by the submissions of the learned counsel<\/p>\n
 for the petitioner as also the learned Government<\/p>\n
 Pleader, we notice that there was an exceptional<\/p>\n
 dearth of funds for the Government to support the<\/p>\n
 different works, including in the Public Works<\/p>\n
 Department. Large amounts remained due to the<\/p>\n
 contractors.  The   works    being done  by  those<\/p>\n
 contractors  are   essentially    for  governmental<\/p>\n
 purpose.   Obviously,   therefore,   to  strike  a<\/p>\n
 balance between the entitlement of the Government<\/p>\n
 to be provided more time to make payment and also<\/p>\n
 to have the contractors to do the work, different<\/p>\n
 orders could have been issued by the executive<\/p>\n
 Government. This Court would have also felt, as<\/p>\n
 is evident from Exts.P5 to P8, that there can be<\/p>\n
 some adjustments of the nature as ordered in<\/p>\n
 Exts.P5 to P8. But, we are clear in our mind that<\/p>\n
 Exts.P5 to P8 do not lay down any principle of<\/p>\n
 law which could bind as a precedent. This is<\/p>\n
WPC22606\/09            -: 5 :-<\/span><\/p>\n
 particularly    so   because    in   the  realm  of<\/p>\n
 contracts, each individual contract is a separate<\/p>\n
 transaction even if the identity of the parties<\/p>\n
 remains the same. This is so even in relation to<\/p>\n
 Government and other public works. Otherwise, the<\/p>\n
 determination    of  rights     and  liabilities of<\/p>\n
 parties who may have different agreements between<\/p>\n
 them     could  be  inter-twined       resulting in<\/p>\n
 administrative    chaos     rather  than  a   smooth<\/p>\n
 completion    of works    in  which   lot of  public<\/p>\n
 interest and public funds are involved.<\/p>\n
7.Not only that, one of the fundamental principles<\/p>\n
 of contracts, is that, as regards a contract,<\/p>\n
 there should be certainty as to; the identity of<\/p>\n
 the parties to the contract; its subject matter<\/p>\n
 and other attendant factors which would provide<\/p>\n
 the identity of each and every contract as a<\/p>\n
 separate      transaction.      Exts.P1    and   P3<\/p>\n
 notifications, admittedly, provide for Earnest<\/p>\n
 Money    Deposit. When    the   person  or authority<\/p>\n
 notifying the invitation of tenders explicitly<\/p>\n
WPC22606\/09           -: 6 :-<\/span><\/p>\n
 says that the offeror has to provide EMD, such a<\/p>\n
 condition cannot be taken away except by the<\/p>\n
 person or authority notifying the invitation of<\/p>\n
 tenders. This means that the tender document<\/p>\n
 itself should contain the explicit provision, if<\/p>\n
 it were the intention of the Government to waive<\/p>\n
 or, in any manner, relax the term requiring that<\/p>\n
 EMD be provided. Without that, the subordinate<\/p>\n
 officers, including the Superintending Engineer<\/p>\n
 and Executive Engineer, as the case in hand,<\/p>\n
 would     not be within     authority to make any<\/p>\n
 relaxation whatsoever. Also, it would definitely<\/p>\n
 be out of the judicial realm for the courts to<\/p>\n
 direct adjustment of funds which may be due to a<\/p>\n
 contractor from the Government under a particular<\/p>\n
 contract, towards EMD that an intending bidder<\/p>\n
 may have to provide in support of his offer on<\/p>\n
 the basis of a subsequent invitation of tenders.<\/p>\n
 The   courts  would not     re-write the terms of<\/p>\n
 contracts, as also of invitations of offers.<\/p>\n
8.For the aforesaid reasons, the reference made to<\/p>\n
WPC22606\/09           -: 7 :-<\/span><\/p>\n
 the    Division Bench   would stand  answered  by<\/p>\n
 stating that there is no legal right for a<\/p>\n
 tenderer to claim relaxation of     the mandatory<\/p>\n
 condition in the notification stipulating the<\/p>\n
 furnishing   of an  EMD,    by adjustment against<\/p>\n
 amounts which are claimed to be due to the<\/p>\n
 contractor. Any such claim would be in violation<\/p>\n
 of the conditions of the tender notification and<\/p>\n
 the courts would not issue any direction to the<\/p>\n
 Government officials to grant such relaxation. As<\/p>\n
 a corollary, no writ, direction or order would<\/p>\n
 issue directing consideration of any request in<\/p>\n
 that regard, since it is not founded on any legal<\/p>\n
 right.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
9.Having answered the reference as aforesaid and<\/p>\n
 having regard to an order passed in this case by<\/p>\n
 the Division Bench on 27.8.2009, we direct that<\/p>\n
 if any funds are retained by the respondents from<\/p>\n
 undisputed bill amounts due to the petitioner as<\/p>\n
 claimed by him in the writ petition, such amounts<\/p>\n
 would be released at the earliest, at any rate,<\/p>\n
WPC22606\/09          -: 8 :-<\/span><\/p>\n
 within one month from the date of receipt of a<\/p>\n
 copy of this judgment. The writ petition is<\/p>\n
 ordered accordingly.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                       Thottathil B.Radhakrishnan,
\n                                 Judge.\n<\/p>\n
                             S.S.Satheesachandran,
\n                                   Judge.\n<\/p>\n
Sha\/3105<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kerala High Court K.A.Jelton vs The Superintending Engineer on 18 May, 2010 IN THE HIGH COURT OF KERALA AT ERNAKULAM WP(C).No. 22606 of 2009(U) 1. K.A.JELTON, GOVT.CONTRACTOR, … Petitioner Vs 1. THE SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER, … Respondent 2. THE EXECUTIVE ENGINEER, For Petitioner :SRI.BABU JOSEPH KURUVATHAZHA For Respondent :GOVERNMENT PLEADER The Hon’ble MR. Justice THOTTATHIL B.RADHAKRISHNAN […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-203455","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-high-court","category-kerala-high-court"],"yoast_head":"\nK.A.Jelton vs The Superintending Engineer on 18 May, 2010 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/k-a-jelton-vs-the-superintending-engineer-on-18-may-2010\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"K.A.Jelton vs The Superintending Engineer on 18 May, 2010 - 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