{"id":203483,"date":"1939-07-10T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1939-07-09T18:06:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/niharendu-dutt-majumdar-and-ors-vs-emperor-on-10-july-1939"},"modified":"2016-10-07T18:30:01","modified_gmt":"2016-10-07T13:00:01","slug":"niharendu-dutt-majumdar-and-ors-vs-emperor-on-10-july-1939","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/niharendu-dutt-majumdar-and-ors-vs-emperor-on-10-july-1939","title":{"rendered":"Niharendu Dutt Majumdar And Ors. vs Emperor on 10 July, 1939"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Calcutta High Court<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Niharendu Dutt Majumdar And Ors. vs Emperor on 10 July, 1939<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_citations\">Equivalent citations: AIR 1939 Cal 703<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: Henderson<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<pre><\/pre>\n<p>JUDGMENT<\/p>\n<p>Henderson, J.<\/p>\n<p>1. The petitioners have been convicted of an offence punishable under Section 188, Penal Code, for disobeying an order made by the Sub-divisional Magistrate of Barrackpore under Section 144, Criminal P.C. The facts which give rise to the prosecution are briefly as follows: It is said that communal tension had been aroused in the locality in connexion with a strike. After setting out the matters which gave him jurisdiction, the Sub-divisional Magistrate passed an order under Section 144. Altogether that order contained three directions and the petitioners are alleged to have dis. obeyed the third which was in these terms:\n<\/p>\n<p> That no public meeting shall be held in any area in the sub-division so long as this order is in force except on special permission from me which must be applied for at least 24 hours before the. said meetings are held.\n<\/p>\n<p>2. On 9th December last, the officer-in-charge of the thana at Titagarh was informed that petitioner 1 and others had come to Titagarh and were holding a meeting in front of a certain dispensary. He went to the spot with some police and found petitioner 1 addressing a crowd. He ordered the crowd to disperse as in his opinion they were violating the order made by the Magistrate. The contention of the prosecution is that in taking this action the petitioners were guilty of an offence punishable under Section 188, Penal Code. They were convicted by the Magistrate of Barrackpore. As their appeal to the Sessions Judge was dismissed they obtained this rule. The rule was pressed on two grounds: (1) The order itself is illegal. (2) That there is no evidence to show that the petitioners had any knowledge of it. The first ground is based upon Clause (3) of Section 144, Criminal P.C., which is in these terms:\n<\/p>\n<p>  An order under this Section may be directed to a particular individual, or to the public generally when frequenting or visiting a particular place.\n<\/p>\n<p>3. This particular order was addressed to the public when visiting any part of the Barrackpore sub-division. In support of this ground, Mr. Basu contended that the scope of the order was far too wide and drew a distinction between a particular place and an area. In support of his contention, he relied upon the cases in In re D.V. Belvi (1931) 18 A.I.R. Bom. 325 and Emperor v. Motilal Gangadhar (1931) 18 A.I.R Bom. 513. On the other hand, the learned Deputy Legal Remembrancer relied upon the case in Vasant B. khale v. Emperor (1934) 21 A.I.R. Bom. 375. In my opinion, it is necessary to distinguish carefully between the jurisdiction of the Magistrate to make an order and a possible practical difficulty in showing that it has been disobeyed. It does not follow that because it is difficult for the Crown to secure a conviction that the order itself was made without jurisdiction. If we apply the test laid down by the learned Judges in those two Bombay cases, it would be very difficult to say where a place ends and an area begins. It is obvious that a line would have to be drawn somewhere and for my part I shall find it very difficult to draw such a line. Nor is the matter of much practical importance: for example, if an area may be said to contain 150 places, She Magistrate could pass 150 orders in identical terms and the result would be exactly the same. In our opinion, the order is a definite order and it does not contravene the provisions of Section 144.\n<\/p>\n<p>4. On the second point, the learned Deputy Legal Remembrancer conceded that he had no evidence apart from the evidence relating to what took place at the actual meeting. It is said that the petitioners knew of the order because they were told of it by the Sub-Inspector while the meeting was actually going on. The evidence on the point is extremely scanty and is to be found in the deposition of P.W. 1, P.W. 3 and P.W. 4., P.W. 1, the Sub-Inspector, says that he ordered the crowd to disperse as they had assembled in violation of the order. The order was given in an audible voice and part of the crowd actually dispersed. It is, of course, difficult for him to say whether the order was audible to other persons or not. P.W. 3, the Town Inspector, corroborates this account of the action taken by the officer-in-charge of the thana and adds that petitioner 1 and five other persons were addressing the meeting at the time. P.W. 4 merely says that the police arrived and began to move people telling them that there was a Section 144 Order. It appears therefore that his version is not quite the same. From this evidence it is abundantly clear that no personal communication was made to any of the petitioners. There is no distinct evidence as to the relative positions of the petitioners and the thana officer in the crowd. The learned Judge did not consider whether it necessarily follows that petitioner 1 heard what was said by the Sub-Inspector at a time when he himself was actually delivering a speech. The prosecution really did not take sufficient trouble to see that the evidence on this very essential point was sufficient and clear.\n<\/p>\n<p>5. Then in the second place the order itself is not very happily worded. It does not clearly forbid attendance at a meeting or making speeches at a meeting. The use of the words &#8216;no public meeting shall be held&#8217; seems to suggest something in connexion with the organization of a meeting. From the evidence it appears that the petitioner, Majumdar did nothing more than behave like a Hyde Park orator. The actual order is capable of more interpretation than one. Before it can be said that the petitioners had knowledge of the order, it must be shown that its terms were communicated to them. Instead of doing that, the Sub-Inspector merely gave his own interpretation of it, which is quite a different thing. We must accordingly accept the contention raised in the second ground that there is no evidence upon which it can be held that the petitioners had any knowledge of the order. The rule is accordingly made absolute, the convictions and sentences are set aside and the petitioners are discharged from their bail.\n<\/p>\n<p>Khundkar, J.\n<\/p>\n<p>6. I agree.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Calcutta High Court Niharendu Dutt Majumdar And Ors. vs Emperor on 10 July, 1939 Equivalent citations: AIR 1939 Cal 703 Author: Henderson JUDGMENT Henderson, J. 1. The petitioners have been convicted of an offence punishable under Section 188, Penal Code, for disobeying an order made by the Sub-divisional Magistrate of Barrackpore under Section 144, Criminal [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-203483","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-calcutta-high-court","category-high-court"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Niharendu Dutt Majumdar And Ors. vs Emperor on 10 July, 1939 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/niharendu-dutt-majumdar-and-ors-vs-emperor-on-10-july-1939\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Niharendu Dutt Majumdar And Ors. vs Emperor on 10 July, 1939 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; 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