{"id":203678,"date":"1997-07-24T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1997-07-23T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/jibrial-diwan-vs-state-of-maharashtra-on-24-july-1997"},"modified":"2017-10-07T03:26:52","modified_gmt":"2017-10-06T21:56:52","slug":"jibrial-diwan-vs-state-of-maharashtra-on-24-july-1997","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/jibrial-diwan-vs-state-of-maharashtra-on-24-july-1997","title":{"rendered":"Jibrial Diwan vs State Of Maharashtra on 24 July, 1997"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Jibrial Diwan vs State Of Maharashtra on 24 July, 1997<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: M.M. Punchhi, K. Venkataswami<\/div>\n<pre>           PETITIONER:\nJIBRIAL DIWAN\n\n\tVs.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nSTATE OF MAHARASHTRA\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT:\t24\/07\/1997\n\nBENCH:\nM.M. PUNCHHI, K. VENKATASWAMI\n\n\n\n\nACT:\n\n\n\nHEADNOTE:\n\n\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>\t\t\t O R D E R<br \/>\n     Having heard  learned counsel  for\t the  appellant,  we<br \/>\ncalled upon  Mr. D.M.  Nargolkar, learned  counsel  for\t the<br \/>\nstate  of  maharashtra\trequiring  him\tmake  submission  to<br \/>\nsupport the judgment under appeal. He candidly admitted that<br \/>\nhe was\tunable to do so we appreciate the fair stance he has<br \/>\nadopted. In support of the same, we record our reasons.\n<\/p>\n<p>     Shri Azhar Hussain, PW 2 was a Minister at the relevant<br \/>\ntime in\t the state of Maharashtra. He had planned a cultural<br \/>\nshow whereat  some artists  were invited.  The case  of\t the<br \/>\nprosecution is\tthat two  letter Exh.  28 and  Exh. 29\twere<br \/>\nprepared on  the letter\t head  of  the\tMinister,  whereupon<br \/>\ninvitations were  written to  invite Raja  Murad, and  Javed<br \/>\nKhan PWs.  These letters were allegedly forged for these did<br \/>\nnot bear the signature of the Minister. The show was held on<br \/>\nthe day\t scheduled. The\t show was held on the day scheduled.<br \/>\nThe invites  came on  the basis\t of  those  forged  letters,<br \/>\nLater, a controversy was raised. the matter was investigated<br \/>\nby the\tCBI. Charges were laid against the appellant as also<br \/>\none  Patel,   accused  No.  2.\tThe  second  accused  stands<br \/>\nacquitted  by  the  trial  court.  His\tacquittal  has\tbeen<br \/>\nmaintained by  the high\t Court. The  allegation against\t the<br \/>\nacquitted accused was that he had forged those letters. That<br \/>\npart of\t the prosecution case on account of the acquittal of<br \/>\nthe second  accused has\t become\t sealed.  The  role  of\t the<br \/>\nappellant was that he had delivered those two forged letters<br \/>\nto  the\t recipients.  For  that\t act,  even  though  he\t was<br \/>\nacquitted by  the trial\t court, the High Court has convicted<br \/>\nhim for\t offence under\tSection 417,  Section 471  read with<br \/>\nSection 465  IPC and  awarded him  sentences as disclosed in<br \/>\nthe judgment under appeal.\n<\/p>\n<p>     It bears  repetition that\tthe appellant  was  not\t the<br \/>\nforgerer  of  those  documents.\t Section  471  enjoins\tthat<br \/>\nwhoever fraudulently  or dishonestly  uses  as\tgenuine\t any<br \/>\ndocument which\the knows  or has  reason to  believe to be a<br \/>\nforged document,  shall be punished in the same manner as if<br \/>\nhe had\tforged such  document.\tSection\t 465  provides\tthat<br \/>\nwhoever\t  commits   forgery;,\tshall\tbe   punished\twith<br \/>\nimprisonment of\t either description  for a  term  which\t may<br \/>\nextend to  two years,  or with\tfine, or  with both. Now the<br \/>\nwords &#8216;dishonestly&#8217;  has been  defined to  mean that whoever<br \/>\ndoes anything with the intention of causing wrongful gain to<br \/>\none person or wrongful loss to another person, is said to do<br \/>\nthat thing  &#8216;dishonestly&#8217;. The\tword &#8216;fraudulently&#8217; has been<br \/>\ndefined to  mean  that\ta  person  is  said  to\t d  a  thing<br \/>\nfraudulently if\t he does  that thing  with intent to defraud<br \/>\nbut not\t otherwise. This  court in  Dr. S. Dutt state of U.P<br \/>\nAIR 1966  SC 523  has explained the words intent to defraud&#8217;<br \/>\nas being  not synonymous  with words `intent to deceive&#8217;. It<br \/>\nrequires some  action resulting\t in a disadvantage which but<br \/>\nfor the\t deception the\tperson defrauded would have avoided.<br \/>\nhere by the delivery of forged letters, there is neither any<br \/>\nwrongful gain  to anyone  nor any  wrongful loss to another.<br \/>\nThe act\t of the\t appellant could  not thus be termed to have<br \/>\nbeen done dishonestly. Likewise the appellant cannot be said<br \/>\nto have any intention to defraud because his action resulted<br \/>\nin no  disadvantage to\tany one\t which but for the deception<br \/>\nthe person  defrauded would have acted\totherwise. The basic<br \/>\ningredients of\tthe act done `dishonestly&#8217; or `fraudulently&#8217;<br \/>\nbeing missing,\tthe charge  under Section  471 read with 465<br \/>\nIPC was\t totally misplaced  and the  High Court fell into an<br \/>\nerror in convicting the appellant on those charges.\n<\/p>\n<p>     So\t far   as  the\t conviction  under  Section  417  is<br \/>\nconcerned, the\tHigh Court  has ignored\t the  definition  of<br \/>\n`cheating&#8217; provided  in Section\t 415 IPC. The High Court has<br \/>\ngone to\t hold that  the accused\t cannot be  held guilty\t for<br \/>\noffence under  Section 420 IPC because there was no cheating<br \/>\nof any\tvaluable or property involved in the act or omission<br \/>\nof the\tappellant. It has just been concluded therefrom that<br \/>\nthe appellant  would, therefore, be guilty for offence under<br \/>\nSection 417  IPC. What\tis deducible  is that the High Court<br \/>\nperhaps thought\t that the  act or  omission of the appellant<br \/>\nwas not\t covered in  the first part of offence of `cheating&#8217;<br \/>\nas defined  in Section 415 IPC. If so the act or omission of<br \/>\nthe accused  could not\tin any\tevent fall in the later part<br \/>\nbecause we  fail to  see how  the act  or  omission  of\t the<br \/>\nappellant caused  or was  likely to cause harm to any person<br \/>\nin body\t mind or  repetition. Thus  the\t conviction  of\t the<br \/>\nappellant or  offence under Section 417 was also totally out<br \/>\nof place and the verdict on that score deserve reversal.\n<\/p>\n<p>     For the  foregoing reasons,  ewe  unhesitatingly  allow<br \/>\nthis appeal,  set aside the impugned order of the High Court<br \/>\nand acquit  the appellant  of all charges. Before concluding<br \/>\nthe matter,  we compliment Mr. Nargolkar for being candid in<br \/>\nconceding the  acquittal of  the appellant at the outset for<br \/>\nwhich we have added the above justification.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India Jibrial Diwan vs State Of Maharashtra on 24 July, 1997 Bench: M.M. Punchhi, K. Venkataswami PETITIONER: JIBRIAL DIWAN Vs. RESPONDENT: STATE OF MAHARASHTRA DATE OF JUDGMENT: 24\/07\/1997 BENCH: M.M. PUNCHHI, K. VENKATASWAMI ACT: HEADNOTE: JUDGMENT: O R D E R Having heard learned counsel for the appellant, we called upon Mr. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-203678","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Jibrial Diwan vs State Of Maharashtra on 24 July, 1997 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/jibrial-diwan-vs-state-of-maharashtra-on-24-july-1997\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jibrial Diwan vs State Of Maharashtra on 24 July, 1997 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; 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