{"id":204191,"date":"1997-02-20T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1997-02-19T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/satish-kumar-vs-zarif-ahmed-ors-on-20-february-1997"},"modified":"2018-09-16T16:29:12","modified_gmt":"2018-09-16T10:59:12","slug":"satish-kumar-vs-zarif-ahmed-ors-on-20-february-1997","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/satish-kumar-vs-zarif-ahmed-ors-on-20-february-1997","title":{"rendered":"Satish Kumar vs Zarif Ahmed &amp; Ors on 20 February, 1997"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Satish Kumar vs Zarif Ahmed &amp; Ors on 20 February, 1997<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: K. Ramaswamy, S. Saghir Ahmad<\/div>\n<pre>           PETITIONER:\nSATISH KUMAR\n\n\tVs.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nZARIF AHMED &amp; ORS.\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT:\t20\/02\/1997\n\nBENCH:\nK. RAMASWAMY, S. SAGHIR AHMAD\n\n\n\n\nACT:\n\n\n\nHEADNOTE:\n\n\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>\t\t\t O R D E R<br \/>\n     This appeal  by special  leave arises from the judgment<br \/>\nof the\tAllahabad High\tCourt, made  on October\t 2, 1982 and<br \/>\nAugust 9, 1983 in Civil Revision No.3613\/78.\n<\/p>\n<p>     The admitted  position is\tthat the  appellant-landlord<br \/>\nhad entered  into an agreement of lease with the respondent-<br \/>\ntenant on August 30, 1969 for a period of 11 months for rent<br \/>\n@ Rs.220\/- per mensem. Notice of demand for arrears and also<br \/>\nfor termination\t of tenancy for non-payment was delivered to<br \/>\nthe respondent\ton April  8, 1972. Thereafter, the appellant<br \/>\nfiled suit  on the  same cause\tside for  ejectment  of\t the<br \/>\nrespondent. The\t trial Court  decreed the  suit on  May\t 19,<br \/>\n1977. The tenants then filed the revision in the High Court.<br \/>\nThe  learned   single  Judge   referred\t the  following\t two<br \/>\nquestions for decision by a Division Bench:\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>     &#8220;1. Whether  any term  of\ta  lease<br \/>\n     deed required  under Section 107 of<br \/>\n     the Transfer  of property Act to be<br \/>\n     registered, could\tbe pressed  into<br \/>\n     service for  a  collateral\t purpose<br \/>\n     within the\t meaning of  the proviso<br \/>\n     to\t Section   49  of   the\t  Indian<br \/>\n     Registration Act ?\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>     2. Whether in the instant case, the<br \/>\n     relationship   of\t  landlord   and<br \/>\n     tenant, the  rate of  rent and  the<br \/>\n     period for which the original lease<br \/>\n     has been  granted could  be  looked<br \/>\n     into as  a collateral purpose under<br \/>\n     the proviso  to Section  49 of  the<br \/>\n     Indian Registration Act?&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>     The Division  Bench has answered the reference and held<br \/>\nthat the  lease deed  is inadmissible evidence and cannot be<br \/>\nlooked into  and oral  evidence in  proof of  the tenancy is<br \/>\nalso inadmissible.  After the  reference was  answered,\t the<br \/>\nlearned single Judge, following the reference order, allowed<br \/>\nthe revision  and set  aside the  decree of  eviction. Thus,<br \/>\nthis appeal by special leave.\n<\/p>\n<p>     The only  question that  arises for  consideration\t is:<br \/>\nwhether\t the   unregistered  lease  deed  is  admissible  in<br \/>\nevidence  ?   Section  17(1)(d)\t  of  the  Registration\t Act<br \/>\npostulates Thus:\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>     &#8220;(1) the  following document  shall<br \/>\n     be registered  if the  property  to<br \/>\n     which it  relates is  situate in  a<br \/>\n     district in  which and  if\t it  may<br \/>\n     have been\texecuted on or after the<br \/>\n     date on  which, Act No.XVI of 1864,<br \/>\n     or\t the  Indian  Registration  Act,<br \/>\n     1866, or  the  Indian  Registration<br \/>\n     Act,    1871    or\t   the\t  Indian<br \/>\n     Registration  Act,\t  1877,\t or  the<br \/>\n     Indian Registration  Act, 1908 came<br \/>\n     or comes into force, namely &#8212;\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>     (d) leases\t of  immovable\tproperty<br \/>\n     from year\tto year, or for any term<br \/>\n     exceeding one  year, or reserving a<br \/>\n     yearly rent.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>     &#8220;Instrument&#8221; has  been defined  in Section 2(14) of the<br \/>\nIndian\tStamp\tAct,  1899  postulating\t that  &#8220;[I]nstrument<br \/>\nincludes every\tdocument by which any right or liability is,<br \/>\nor purports  to be  created, transferred,  limited, extended<br \/>\nextinguished or record.\n<\/p>\n<p>     Section 3\tof the\tTransfer of  Property Act  1882 (for<br \/>\nshort the `TP Act&#8217;) also defines &#8220;instrument&#8221; to mean a non-<br \/>\ntestamentary instrument. Section 107 of the TP Act regulates<br \/>\nhow lease  is to  be made.  The first  part thereof provides<br \/>\nthat a lease of immovable property from year to year, or for<br \/>\nany term exceeding one year, or reserving a yearly rent, can<br \/>\nbe made\t only be  a registered\tinstrument. The\t second part<br \/>\nthereof gives  exception to the first part and provides that<br \/>\nall other  leases of  immoveable property may be made either<br \/>\nby a  registered instrument or by oral agreement accompanied<br \/>\nby delivery of possession.\n<\/p>\n<p>     The question,  therefore, that  arises is\t: whether  a<br \/>\nlease of  immoveable property  from month to month or for 11<br \/>\nmonths is  a compulsorily  registerable document, through it<br \/>\nwas reduced  to\t writing  as  an  instrument  defined  under<br \/>\nSection 2(14)  of the  Stamp Act?  A conjoint reading of the<br \/>\nfirst part  of section 107 rad with Section 17(1) (d) of the<br \/>\nRegistration Act,  as extracted\t hereinbefore, does indicate<br \/>\nthat a\tlease of  immoveable property  from year to year, or<br \/>\nfor any\t term exceeding\t one year or reserving a yearly rent<br \/>\nshould be made only by a registered instrument and all other<br \/>\ninstruments, though  reduced to\t writing and  possession  is<br \/>\ndelivered  thereunder,\tare  not  compulsorily\tregisterable<br \/>\ninstruments.\n<\/p>\n<p>     Section 49\t of the Registration Act prohibits receiving<br \/>\nin evidence certain types of documents. It reads as under :\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>     &#8220;No document required by Section 17<br \/>\n     by any provision of the Transfer of<br \/>\n     Property Act, 1882 to be registered<br \/>\n     shall&#8211;\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>     (a)  affect any  immovable property<br \/>\n     comprised therein, or\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>     (c)  be received as evidence of any<br \/>\n     transaction affecting such property<br \/>\n     or conferring such power;<br \/>\n     unless it has been registered:&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>     The proviso is not applicable to the facts in this case<br \/>\nand, therefore,\t it  is\t not  necessary\t to  look  into\t the<br \/>\nexceptions  engrafted\tvis-a-vis  receipt  of\ta  documents<br \/>\ncomprising of three circumstances mentioned therein, namely,<br \/>\nunregistered document used for therein, namely, unregistered<br \/>\ndocument used  for enforcement of specific performance under<br \/>\nthe Specific  Relief Act  or used  as an  evidence  of\tpart<br \/>\nperformance of the contract under Section 53-A of the TP Act<br \/>\nor using  evidence for collateral transactions. The combined<br \/>\neffect of  all the provisions is that an unregistered leases<br \/>\ndeed executed from month to month for a period not exceeding<br \/>\n11 months,  though reduced  to\twriting\t and  possession  is<br \/>\ndelivered thereunder  to a  tenant, is\tnot  a\tcompulsorily<br \/>\nregisterable  instrument  and,\ttherefore,  the\t prohibition<br \/>\ncontained  in\tSection\t 49   of  the  Registration  Act  is<br \/>\ninapplicable.  Therefore,  the\tdocument  is  admissible  in<br \/>\nevidence to  consider the  effect of  the immovable property<br \/>\ncontained therein  or to  receive  as  an  evidence  of\t any<br \/>\ntransaction vis-a-vis such property.\n<\/p>\n<p>     The High  Court, therefore,  was not  right in reaching<br \/>\nthe conclusion that an unregistered document is inadmissible<br \/>\nin evidence  and cannot\t be looked  into for  the purpose of<br \/>\neffecting the  rights as  landlord and\ttenant created under<br \/>\nthe document.\n<\/p>\n<p>     The appeal\t is accordingly allowed. The judgment of the<br \/>\nHigh Court  stands set\taside and  the decree  of the  trial<br \/>\nCourt stands  restored, but  in the  circumstances,  without<br \/>\ncosts.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India Satish Kumar vs Zarif Ahmed &amp; Ors on 20 February, 1997 Bench: K. Ramaswamy, S. Saghir Ahmad PETITIONER: SATISH KUMAR Vs. RESPONDENT: ZARIF AHMED &amp; ORS. DATE OF JUDGMENT: 20\/02\/1997 BENCH: K. RAMASWAMY, S. SAGHIR AHMAD ACT: HEADNOTE: JUDGMENT: O R D E R This appeal by special leave arises from [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-204191","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Satish Kumar vs Zarif Ahmed &amp; Ors on 20 February, 1997 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/satish-kumar-vs-zarif-ahmed-ors-on-20-february-1997\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Satish Kumar vs Zarif Ahmed &amp; 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