{"id":206178,"date":"1990-10-31T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1990-10-30T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/brathi-alias-sukhdev-singh-vs-state-of-punjab-on-31-october-1990-2"},"modified":"2018-09-02T07:03:39","modified_gmt":"2018-09-02T01:33:39","slug":"brathi-alias-sukhdev-singh-vs-state-of-punjab-on-31-october-1990-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/brathi-alias-sukhdev-singh-vs-state-of-punjab-on-31-october-1990-2","title":{"rendered":"Brathi Alias Sukhdev Singh vs State Of Punjab on 31 October, 1990"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Brathi Alias Sukhdev Singh vs State Of Punjab on 31 October, 1990<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_citations\">Equivalent citations: 1991 AIR  318, \t\t  1990 SCR  Supl. (2) 503<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: K Singh<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: Kuldip Singh (J)<\/div>\n<pre>           PETITIONER:\nBRATHI ALIAS SUKHDEV SINGH\n\n\tVs.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nSTATE OF PUNJAB\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT31\/10\/1990\n\nBENCH:\nKULDIP SINGH (J)\nBENCH:\nKULDIP SINGH (J)\nFATHIMA BEEVI, M. (J)\n\nCITATION:\n 1991 AIR  318\t\t  1990 SCR  Supl. (2) 503\n 1991 SCC  (1) 519\t  JT 1991 (5)\t217\n 1990 SCALE  (2)918\n CITATOR INFO :\n F\t    1991 SC1853\t (16)\n\n\nACT:\n    Indian Penal Code--Sections 34 and 302--Criminal liabil-\nity-Primarily  attaches to person who actually\tcommits\t the\noffence--Several  persons alleged to have committed  offence\nin  furtherance of common intention--All except one  acquit-\nted--Open to appellate court to reappraise evidence.\n\n\n\nHEADNOTE:\n    The appellant and his uncle Teja Singh were tried for an\noffence\t under\tSection\t 302\/34 I.P.C.\tfor  committing\t the\nmurder\tof one Sucha Singh. The case of the prosecution\t was\nthat  the appellant and Teja Singh in furtherance  of  their\ncommon\tintention attacked the deceased Sucha Singh  on\t 1st\nJanuary\t 1975  when  he was returning home  from  his  field\naccompanied  by his daughter and son (PWs 8 and 9).  It\t was\nalleged\t that the appellant attacked the deceased with\tKir-\npan, which blow was warded off by the deceased and then Teja\nSingh  delivered a blow with Kirpan on the  deceased's\thead\nwhereupon he fell down and both the appellant and Teja Singh\nthen  dealt one blow each causing injuries to the  deceased.\nSucha  Singh  died  at the hospital. The  fatal\t injury\t was\nattributed  to Teja Singh and he was charged  under  section\n302 I.P C., and the appellant who was alleged to have caused\nthe  minor injuries was charged under section 302\/34  I.P.C.\nThe  trial  court  acquitted Teja Singh\t and  convicted\t the\nappellant  for\tthe offence under section  302.\t I.P.C.\t and\nsentenced him to undergo imprisonment for life and to pay  a\nfine  of  Rs. 1,000. The State did not\tappeal\tagainst\t the\norder of acquittal passed in respect of Teja Singh, with the\nresult\tthat order became final. The appellant\tappealed  to\nthe  High Court contending that when the Sessions Judge\t had\nrejected  the prosecution evidence against Teja\t Singh,\t his\nconviction on the same evidence was not sustainable. It\t was\nfurther contended on behalf of the appellant that in view of\nthe acquittal of Teja Singh, who was alleged to have  deliv-\nered  the  fatal blow the appellant could not  be  convicted\nunder  S.302  IPC or with the aid of section 34\t I.P.C.\t and\nthat  at best the offence fell under section 326 I.P.C.\t The\nHigh Court while maintaining the sentence of life  imprison-\nment imposed on the appellant, altered his conviction to one\nunder  sec. 302 read with section 34, I.P.C. The High  Court\nwhile assessing the credibility of the prosecution  evidence\nincidentally considered the\n504\ncase  against  Teja Singh and after reviewing  the  evidence\nrecorded a finding that the order acquitting Teja Singh\t was\nerroneous.  The appellant has filed this appeal against\t the\norder of the High Court after obtaining special leave.\n    Before this Court it has been inter alia contended\tthat\nthe High Court erred in recording the conviction under\tsec.\n302\/34\tIPC, as with the acquittal of Teja Singh element  of\nsharing common intention has disappeared, (ii) that the High\nCourt  misdirected itself in appreciating the  evidence\t and\n(iii)  that  the individual acts of the appellant  could  at\nbest constitute only a minor offence, and in the absence  of\nany  independent evidence, the appellant could not  be\tcon-\nvicted.\nDismissing the appeal, this Court,\n    HELD: The powers of the appellate Court in dealing\twith\nan  appeal against an order of conviction are defined  under\nSec. 386(1)(b) of the Code of Criminal Procedure 1973 corre-\nsponding  to Section 423(i)(b) of the Code of 1898.  In\t the\nmatter\tof  appreciation of the evidence the powers  of\t the\nappellate  Court are as wide as that of the trial court.  It\nhas full power to review the whole evidence. It is  entitled\nto  go\tinto the entire evidence and  all  relevant  circum-\nstances\t to arrive at its own conclusion about the guilt  or\ninnocence of the accused. [509C-E]\n    The\t general principle of criminal liability is that  it\nprimarily  attached  to the person who actually\t commits  an\noffence\t and it is only such person that can be held  guilty\nand punished for the offence. [509H]\n    When  several persons are alleged to have  committed  an\noffence\t in  furtherance  of the common\t intention  and\t all\nexcept one are acquitted, it is open to the appellate  court\nto  find on appraisal of the evidence that some of  the\t ac-\ncused persons have been wrongly acquitted, although it could\nnot  interfere\twith  such acquittal in the  absence  of  an\nappeal by the State Government. [509F-G]\n    The effect of such a finding is not to reverse the order\nof  acquittal into one of conviction or visit the  acquitted\nperson with criminal liability. The finding is relevant only\nin  invoking against the convicted person  his\tconstructive\ncriminality. [509G]\n    Where  the\tevidence  examined by  the  appellate  court\nunmistakably  proves  that the appellant  was  guilty  under\nsection\t 34 having shared a common intention with the  other\naccused who were acquitted and that\n505\nthe  acquittal\twas  bad, there is nothing  to\tprevent\t the\nappellate  court  from expressing that view and\t giving\t the\nfinding and determining the guilt of the appellant before it\non the basis of that finding. [515H; 516A]\n    The appeal before the High Court against the  conviction\nis not a subsequent proceeding against the acquitted person,\n[516E]\n    Sunder  Singh and Ors. v. State of Punjab, AIR  1962  SC\n1211; Harshad Singh v. State of Gujarat, AIR 1977 SC 710; 1.\nG. Singhleton v. King Emperor, AIR 1925 Cal. 501;  <a href=\"\/doc\/1614979\/\">Bimbadhar\nPradhan\t v.  The State of Orissa,<\/a> [1956] SCR  206;  <a href=\"\/doc\/1878796\/\">Kapildeo\nSingh  v. The King, AIR<\/a> 1950 FC 80; <a href=\"\/doc\/770422\/\">Dalip Singh and Ors.  v.\nState  of Punjab,<\/a> [1954] SCR 145; <a href=\"\/doc\/1422525\/\">Marachalil Pakku v.  State\nof  Madras,  AIR<\/a>  1954 SC 648; <a href=\"\/doc\/443204\/\">Sukh Ram v.  State  Of  U.P.,<\/a>\n[1974]\t2 SCR 518; <a href=\"\/doc\/1241722\/\">Karan Singh v. State of  Madhya  Pradesh,<\/a>\n[1965] 2 SCR 1, referred to\n    <a href=\"\/doc\/326478\/\">Prabhu Babaji Navle v. State of Bombay, AIR<\/a> 1956 SC\t 51;\n<a href=\"\/doc\/939953\/\">Krishna\t Govind Patii v. State of Madras,<\/a> [1964] 1 SCR\t678;\n<a href=\"\/doc\/1816837\/\">Baul  v.  State of U.P.,<\/a> [1968] 2 SCR 454;  <a href=\"\/doc\/449061\/\">Maina  Singh  v.\nState of Rajasthan,<\/a> [1976] 3 SCR 651; <a href=\"\/doc\/596272\/\">Karnail Singh v. State\nof  Punjab,  AIR<\/a>  1977 SC 893 and <a href=\"\/doc\/1005201\/\">Piara Singh  v.  State  of\nPunjab,<\/a> [1980] 2 SCC 401, distinguished.\n\n\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India Brathi Alias Sukhdev Singh vs State Of Punjab on 31 October, 1990 Equivalent citations: 1991 AIR 318, 1990 SCR Supl. (2) 503 Author: K Singh Bench: Kuldip Singh (J) PETITIONER: BRATHI ALIAS SUKHDEV SINGH Vs. RESPONDENT: STATE OF PUNJAB DATE OF JUDGMENT31\/10\/1990 BENCH: KULDIP SINGH (J) BENCH: KULDIP SINGH (J) FATHIMA [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-206178","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Brathi Alias Sukhdev Singh vs State Of Punjab on 31 October, 1990 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/brathi-alias-sukhdev-singh-vs-state-of-punjab-on-31-october-1990-2\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Brathi Alias Sukhdev Singh vs State Of Punjab on 31 October, 1990 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; 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