{"id":212081,"date":"1993-02-24T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1993-02-23T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/padmanabhan-vijaykumar-vs-state-of-kerala-on-24-february-1993"},"modified":"2016-03-04T10:08:31","modified_gmt":"2016-03-04T04:38:31","slug":"padmanabhan-vijaykumar-vs-state-of-kerala-on-24-february-1993","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/padmanabhan-vijaykumar-vs-state-of-kerala-on-24-february-1993","title":{"rendered":"Padmanabhan Vijaykumar vs State Of Kerala on 24 February, 1993"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Padmanabhan Vijaykumar vs State Of Kerala on 24 February, 1993<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_citations\">Equivalent citations: 1993 AIR 2641, \t\t  1994 SCC  Supl.  (2) 156<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: A Anand<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: Anand, A.S. (J)<\/div>\n<pre>           PETITIONER:\nPADMANABHAN VIJAYKUMAR\n\n\tVs.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nSTATE OF KERALA\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT24\/02\/1993\n\nBENCH:\nANAND, A.S. (J)\nBENCH:\nANAND, A.S. (J)\nSINGH N.P. (J)\n\nCITATION:\n 1993 AIR 2641\t\t  1994 SCC  Supl.  (2) 156\n JT 1993  Supl.\t   502\n\n\nACT:\n\n\n\nHEADNOTE:\n\n\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>ORDER\n<\/p>\n<p>1.   For  an occurrence which took place on May 4,  1981  at<br \/>\nabout 10.30 p.m., the appellants were arrayed by the  police<br \/>\nand  put  up for trial in Sessions Case No. 97 of  1981\t for<br \/>\noffences  under Sections 302, 452 and 34 Indian Penal  Code.<br \/>\nIn  that  occurrence,  the appellants were  alleged  by\t the<br \/>\nprosecution to have trespassed into the house of Chandran at<br \/>\nMuttada\t and while appellant 1 inflicted chop wounds on\t the<br \/>\nhands  and left leg of Chandran with a chopper, appellant  2<br \/>\nhad  flashed  a torchlight thus aiding the  first  appellant<br \/>\nwhile the third appellant stood guard at the entrance of the<br \/>\nhouse  with an iron rod.  The deceased Chandran,  after\t the<br \/>\nreceipt of injuries, was removed to the hospital by his<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">157<\/span><br \/>\nbrother\t PW  1\tin the taxi of PW  14  Gopakumar.   Chandran<br \/>\nsuccumbed to the injuries after being admitted in Ward No. 5<br \/>\nof  the\t hospital during the night.   The  learned  Sessions<br \/>\nJudge  after appraisal of the evidence and consideration  of<br \/>\nthe material on the record, acquitted the appellants of\t all<br \/>\nthe  charges  by its judgment dated June 25,  1982.   On  an<br \/>\nappeal\tby  the\t State to the High Court,  the\tjudgment  of<br \/>\nacquittal  was set aside and the appellants were  convicted.<br \/>\nThe  High Court convicted them for an offence under  Section<br \/>\n304  Part  1  and sentenced each one of\t the  appellants  to<br \/>\nrigorous  imprisonment for a term of ten years.\t  They\twere<br \/>\nalso  convicted\t for an offence under Section  450  IPC\t and<br \/>\nsentenced  to suffer rigorous imprisonment for a  period  of<br \/>\none year each.\tBoth these sentences were, however, directed<br \/>\nto  run concurrently.  The appellants are in  appeal  before<br \/>\nus.\n<\/p>\n<p>2.   The trial court found that the evidence with regard  to<br \/>\nthe lodging of the first information report both as  regards<br \/>\nthe time and place was shrouded in mystery.  After analysing<br \/>\nthe evidence, the trial court observed:\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\t      &#8220;PW  15  was the then Head  Constable  of\t the<br \/>\n\t      Peroorkada  Police  Station.  It\twas  he\t who<br \/>\n\t      recorded Ext.  P-1 F.I. Statement of PW 1\t and<br \/>\n\t      registered  the case.  He would swear that  on<br \/>\n\t      May  5, 1981 at 2.30 a.m. he received a  phone<br \/>\n\t      message  from the Sub-Inspector.\t Immediately<br \/>\n\t      he went to the Medical College Police Station.<br \/>\n\t      On  reaching  the Police Station, he  came  to<br \/>\n\t      understand that a person with cut injuries was<br \/>\n\t      brought  from  Muttada and that he died  at  3<br \/>\n\t      p.m.  in\tthe hospital and that his  body\t had<br \/>\n\t      been   removed  to  the  mortuary.   Then\t  he<br \/>\n\t      proceeded\t to the mortuary where he saw  PW  1<br \/>\n\t      and  recorded Ex.\t P-1 F.I. Statement.   After<br \/>\n\t      recording Ex.  P-1, he returned to the  Police<br \/>\n\t      Station\tand   registered  the\tcase   after<br \/>\n\t      preparing\t Ex.  P-9 FIR.\tIt is seen from\t Ex.<br \/>\n\t      P-9  that PW 15 has recorded the full  details<br \/>\n\t      about  the  incident  and\t the  names  of\t the<br \/>\n\t      accused  as  also\t the nature  of\t the  injury<br \/>\n\t      sustained\t by Chandran.  According to  PW\t 15,<br \/>\n\t      all  these details were furnished by the\tSub-<br \/>\n\t      Inspector of Police over the phone.  But\twhen<br \/>\n\t      the  Sub-Inspector  was examined as PW  16  he<br \/>\n\t      would  say  that\the did not  give  any  such.<br \/>\n\t      information  to  PW 15.  It  still  remains  a<br \/>\n\t      mystery  as to who furnished these details  to<br \/>\n\t      PW 15. These facts and circumstances show that<br \/>\n\t      the  prosecution is suppressing some  material<br \/>\n\t      facts  from  the court and the  only  possible<br \/>\n\t      inference is that the incident would not\thave<br \/>\n\t      happened\t in  the  manner  alleged   by\t the<br \/>\n\t      prosecution.   PW\t 17  is\t the   investigating<br \/>\n\t      officer.&#8221;\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>3.   After having doubted the manner in which and the  place<br \/>\nat which the first information statement was made, the trial<br \/>\ncourt  also  dealt with the evidence of PW 1  and  commented<br \/>\nupon the circumstances emerging from his evidence which give<br \/>\na  lie\tto  the\t prosecution  version  with  regard  to\t the<br \/>\nrecording  of  the  first  information\tstatement,  in\t the<br \/>\nhospital  at  the  instance  of PW 1,  the  brother  of\t the<br \/>\ndeceased.  The trial court noticed :\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\t      &#8220;PW1  would also say that by about 3  o&#8217;clock,<br \/>\n\t      immediately  before the death of\tChandran,  a<br \/>\n\t      head  constable  came  there.   At  that\ttime<br \/>\n\t      Chandran\twas lying in Ward No. 5. PW  1\ttold<br \/>\n\t      the head constable about the incident and\t the<br \/>\n\t      latter  reduced  the same to  writing.   PW  1<br \/>\n\t      proved Ex.  P-1 as the statement so  recorded.<br \/>\n\t      To a leading question put by the Addl.  Public<br \/>\n\t      Prosecutor, PW 1 answered that he gave Ex.  P-<br \/>\n\t      1\t F.I.  Statement while Chandran&#8217;s  body\t was<br \/>\n\t      lying   in  the  mortuary.   In\this   cross-<br \/>\n\t      examination he would say that when the  police<br \/>\n\t      came  to the hospital, a mahazar was  prepared<br \/>\n\t      on  the body of Chandran.\t When he  was  asked<br \/>\n\t      whether his statement was recorded after the<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">\t      158<\/span><br \/>\n\t      preparation of the said mahazar, he would\t say<br \/>\n\t      that  his statement was recorded only  on\t the<br \/>\n\t      next day after the dead body was brought\thome<br \/>\n\t      and  that\t the said statement  is\t Ext.\tP-1.<br \/>\n\t      This  version  of\t PW 1  is  contrary  to\t the<br \/>\n\t      prosecution  case and against his own  earlier<br \/>\n\t      version.\tAgain PW 1 would say that he saw the<br \/>\n\t      police for the first time only on the next day<br \/>\n\t      at 10.30 a.m. near the mortuary.\tThis also is<br \/>\n\t      against\this   own  version  given   in\t his<br \/>\n\t      examination-in-chief.  In the next sentence PW<br \/>\n\t      1\t would\tsay  that at 3 a.m. he\tsaw  a\thead<br \/>\n\t      constable\t attached to the  Peroorkada  Police<br \/>\n\t      Station  in  Ward\t No.  5\t near  the  bed\t  of<br \/>\n\t      Chandran.\t  He is definite that he did not  do<br \/>\n\t      anything\texcept helping them while they\twere<br \/>\n\t      in the mortuary.\tHe would categorically state<br \/>\n\t      that  even  though he mentioned  to  the\thead<br \/>\n\t      constable\t about the incident, he did  not  do<br \/>\n\t      anything except listening to it.\tAccording to<br \/>\n\t      him, his house as well as Chandran&#8217;s house are<br \/>\n\t      facing towards east which is also against\t the<br \/>\n\t      prosecution  case.   From\t a  reading  of\t his<br \/>\n\t      testimony it is not possible to find that Ext.<br \/>\n\t      P-  1 F.I. Statement was recorded by PW 15  at<br \/>\n\t      the  Medical College Hospital on the night  of<br \/>\n\t      May  4, 1981 itself or that PW 1 was  able  to<br \/>\n\t      see  and identify the accused at the scene  of<br \/>\n\t      occurrence.&#8221;\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The  indictments by the trial court were severe on the\tbona<br \/>\nfides of the investigation and the trial court was justified<br \/>\nin  coming  to\tthe  conclusion\t that  the  prosecution\t had<br \/>\nsuppressed  the\t manner\t in  which  the\t first\t information<br \/>\nstatement was recorded and therefore the possibility that it<br \/>\nhad been recorded after due deliberation could not be  ruled<br \/>\nout.  The circumstances emerging from the discussion of\t the<br \/>\ntrial  court  would  show that\tthe  discrepancies  and\t the<br \/>\ncontradictions\tamongst the evidence of the witness  in\t the<br \/>\nmatter of recording of the first information report were  of<br \/>\na  serious nature and discredited the prosecution  case\t and<br \/>\ncast  serious  doubts on the conduct of\t the  investigation.<br \/>\nThe  learned Judges of the High Court, however,\t dealt\twith<br \/>\nthis aspect of the matter in the following manner:\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\t      &#8220;The fact that there is some minor discrepancy<br \/>\n\t      as regards the time and place at which the FIR<br \/>\n\t      was  lodged is of no significance.  After\t all<br \/>\n\t      the witness deposed in court more than a\tyear<br \/>\n\t      later.  The FIS contains the relevant  details<br \/>\n\t      fully    corroborating   on    the    material<br \/>\n\t      particulars  what\t the witnesses\tspoke.\t The<br \/>\n\t      names of the accused are mentioned in the FIS.<br \/>\n\t      It  contains a clear and cogent  narrative  of<br \/>\n\t      the incident.  It is not correct to disbelieve<br \/>\n\t      the  prosecution\tcase because of\t such  minor<br \/>\n\t      insignificant discrepancies.&#8221;\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>4.   We are unable to agree and appreciate the\tapproach  of<br \/>\nthe   High   Court   in\t treating   the\t  discrepancies\t  as<br \/>\ninsignificant  or of no consequence.  Since, the High  Court<br \/>\nwas  upsetting\tthe order of an acquittal, it  was  expected<br \/>\nthat it would furnish reasons to show as to how the findings<br \/>\nrecorded  by  the  trial  court\t were  either  perverse\t  or<br \/>\nunreasonable  and  not\tsustainable  on\t the  basis  of\t the<br \/>\nmaterial  on  the record.  No such attempt was made  by\t the<br \/>\nHigh  Court.   The  opinion  of\t the  High  Court  that\t the<br \/>\ndiscrepancy  with regard to the time of visit of the  Police<br \/>\nOfficer\t or  the  place where FIS was  recorded\t was  of  no<br \/>\nsignificance  or  consequence does not appear to  us  to  be<br \/>\ncorrect.  The very fact that PW 15 had stated that  whatever<br \/>\nhe  had recorded in the first information report as  regards<br \/>\nthe occurrence was on the basis of the information given  to<br \/>\nhim by the SubInspector and not on the information allegedly<br \/>\nfurnished  to  him by PW 1, would go to show  that  reliance<br \/>\ncould not be placed on the said first information statement.<br \/>\nThe very basis of the prosecution case, therefore, had\tbeen<br \/>\nrendered<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">159<\/span><br \/>\ndoubtful  and  on  account  of the  tainted  nature  of\t the<br \/>\ninvestigation,\tit  would  not\tbe safe\t to  rely  upon\t the<br \/>\nevidence led by the prosecution, which the trial court found<br \/>\nas not inspiring confidence.  We are, therefore, of the view<br \/>\nthat  the High Court was not justified in setting aside\t the<br \/>\nwell considered judgment of the Sessions Court and reversing<br \/>\nthe  order  of\tacquittal  ignoring  serious  flaws  in\t the<br \/>\nprosecution  case.  The appeal, therefore, succeeds  and  is<br \/>\nallowed.   The conviction and sentence recorded by the\tHigh<br \/>\nCourt  against\tthe appellants are set aside  and  they\t are<br \/>\nhereby acquitted.  Their bail bonds shall stand discharged.\n<\/p>\n<p>5.   In the view that we have taken, we need not express any<br \/>\nopinion on the question whether the High Court was justified<br \/>\nin  sentencing\tthe appellants to a  term  of  imprisonment,<br \/>\nafter recording their conviction, without affording them  an<br \/>\nopportunity  of\t hearing  on the  question  of\tsentence  as<br \/>\nenvisaged by Section 235 of Criminal Procedure Code.\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\"> 161<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India Padmanabhan Vijaykumar vs State Of Kerala on 24 February, 1993 Equivalent citations: 1993 AIR 2641, 1994 SCC Supl. (2) 156 Author: A Anand Bench: Anand, A.S. (J) PETITIONER: PADMANABHAN VIJAYKUMAR Vs. RESPONDENT: STATE OF KERALA DATE OF JUDGMENT24\/02\/1993 BENCH: ANAND, A.S. (J) BENCH: ANAND, A.S. (J) SINGH N.P. (J) CITATION: 1993 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-212081","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Padmanabhan Vijaykumar vs State Of Kerala on 24 February, 1993 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/padmanabhan-vijaykumar-vs-state-of-kerala-on-24-february-1993\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Padmanabhan Vijaykumar vs State Of Kerala on 24 February, 1993 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; 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