{"id":214709,"date":"1975-08-12T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1975-08-11T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/state-of-orissa-vs-khageswar-das-and-others-on-12-august-1975"},"modified":"2017-03-01T21:51:04","modified_gmt":"2017-03-01T16:21:04","slug":"state-of-orissa-vs-khageswar-das-and-others-on-12-august-1975","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/state-of-orissa-vs-khageswar-das-and-others-on-12-august-1975","title":{"rendered":"State Of Orissa vs Khageswar Das And Others on 12 August, 1975"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">State Of Orissa vs Khageswar Das And Others on 12 August, 1975<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_citations\">Equivalent citations: 1975 AIR 1906, \t\t  1976 SCR  (1) 300<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: N Untwalia<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: Untwalia, N.L.<\/div>\n<pre>           PETITIONER:\nSTATE OF ORISSA\n\n\tVs.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nKHAGESWAR DAS AND OTHERS\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT12\/08\/1975\n\nBENCH:\nUNTWALIA, N.L.\nBENCH:\nUNTWALIA, N.L.\nALAGIRISWAMI, A.\nGOSWAMI, P.K.\n\nCITATION:\n 1975 AIR 1906\t\t  1976 SCR  (1) 300\n 1975 SCC  (2) 553\n\n\nACT:\n     Orissa Industries\tService Rules  1971, r.\t 3(1)(ii)-If\nviolative of Art. 16 Constitution of  India.\n\n\n\nHEADNOTE:\n     Rule 3(1)(ii)  of the  Orissa Industries Service Rules,\n1971, provided\tthat the  junior grade\tof the service shall\ninclude the  posts of  Deputy Directors, Senior lecturers in\nEngineering, Schools  etc. besides  the posts  of Principal,\nEngineering  Schools   (except\t Mining\t  Engineering)\t and\nPolytechnics which carry a special scale of pay.\n     The 1st respondent was appointed a lecturer in a Mining\nEngineering School.  In 1960,  the School  was brought under\nthe administrative  Control of\tthe Industries Department of\nthe State  Government, and  the respondent became an officer\nof  the\t Industries  Department.  Later.  he  was  appointed\nPrincipal of the School. In 1964, there was a bifurcation of\nthe common cadre of the Department, and a separate cadre for\nteaching posts\tof Engineering\tSchools\t in  the  State\t was\ncreated. In 1967, the two cadres were again merged forming a\ncombined  cadre\t  for  the   officers  of   the\t  Industries\nDepartment. The\t reason given  for the\tmerger was  that the\nseparate cadre\tfor teachers  was  not\tbeneficial  to\tthem\nbecause, promotion  prospects for them were bleak in view of\nthe limited posts available for promotion. After the merger,\nin 1969,  even though  the 1st\trespondent was senior to the\n2nd respondent,\t the latter  was promoted  as Joint Director\nsuperseding  the former.\n     The High  Court quashed  the order\t and struck  down r.\n3(1)(ii) as violative of Art. 16.\n     Dismissing the appeal to this Court,\n^\n     HELD: (1)\tIn the\tresolution of  1967 merging  the two\ncadres it  was stated  that the conditions of service of all\nthe officers  will be governed by a set of cadre rules to be\nframed later,  but no  such rules were framed at the time of\npromotion of  the 2nd respondent. The 1971-rules were framed\nduring the  pendency of\t the writ  application, filed by the\n1st respondent, in the High Court. There was,  therefore, at\nthe time of promotion of the 2nd respondent, nothing to show\nthat the  post of  a teacher  or the  Principal of  a Mining\nEngineering School  WAS treated as an ex-cadre post and on a\nseparate  footing  for\tthe  purpose  of  promotion  to\t the\nadministrative posts. [303G-H]\n     (2) Rule 3(1)(ii) when it says in the first part Senior\nlecturers  in\tEngineering  Schools,\tit  includes  senior\nlecturers of  Mining Engineering  School also. Even when the\ntwo cadres were separated, all Engineering Schools including\nMining Engineering  Schools were placed on the SAME Footing.\nBut, in the last part of the rule when referring to the post\nof Principal,  the Principal  of a Mining Engineering School\nis excluded.  The exclusion  is without any justification or\nreasonable  basis. [304E-H]\n     Therefore, the rule is violative of Arts. 14 and 16 and\nthe non-consideration  of the  case of the 1st respondent at\nthe time  of promotion\tof the\t2nd  respondent\t was  wholly\narbitrary and illegal. [33H; 304H]\n     (3) It  is however\t not necessary\tto strike  down\t the\nentire rule  3(1)(ii). It is sufficient if the words 'except\nMining Engineering' are struck down and deleted. [304H]\n301\n\n\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>     CIVIL APPELLATE  JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 254 (N)<br \/>\nof 1974.\n<\/p>\n<p>     Appeal by\tspecial leave  from the\t judgment and  order<br \/>\ndated the 30th November, 1972 of the High Court of Orissa in<br \/>\nO.J.C. No. 129 of 1970.\n<\/p>\n<p>     Gobind Das and B. Parthasarathi, for the appellant.<br \/>\n     B. P.  Maheshwari and  Suresh Sethi, for respondent No.\n<\/p>\n<p>1.<br \/>\n     The Judgment of the Court was delivered by<br \/>\n     UNTWALIA, J.-The  State of\t Orissa has  preferred\tthis<br \/>\nappeal by  special leave  from the judgment and order of the<br \/>\nHigh Court  passed in  Writ Petition filed by respondent No.\n<\/p>\n<p>1. Respondent  No. 2  was appointed by promotion to the post<br \/>\nof Joint  Director of  Industries, Government  of Orissa  in<br \/>\nsupersession of\t the claim  of respondent  No. 1.  The\tHigh<br \/>\nCourt has  quashed the said order and directed the appellant<br \/>\nto consider  the case  of respondent  No. 1 for promotion to<br \/>\nthe post of Joint Director according to his seniority in the<br \/>\ncombined cadre\tformed by  Resolution dated  2-10-1967. Rule<br \/>\n3(1) (ii)  of the  Orissa Industries Service Rules, 1971 has<br \/>\nbeen struck  down as  being violative  of Article  16 of the<br \/>\nConstitution of India.\n<\/p>\n<p>     Respondent No.  1 was appointed as a lecturer in Mining<br \/>\nin the\tOrissa School of Mining Engineering? Keonjhargarh on<br \/>\n6-2-1960.  The\t said\tSchool\t was   brought\t under\t the<br \/>\nadministrative control\tof the\tIndustries Department of the<br \/>\nGovernment of  Orissa in pursuance of a Resolution dated 18-<br \/>\n2-1960. The  service of\t respondent No.\t 1  thereupon  stood<br \/>\ntransferred  under   the  administrative   control  of\t the<br \/>\nIndustries Department  with effect  from 21-3-1960. The post<br \/>\nof  the\t lecturer  in  the  Mining  Engineering\t School\t was<br \/>\nupgraded by  order of  the State  Government made in August,<br \/>\n1960. The  petitioner was  brought into\t the common cadre of<br \/>\nthe Industries\tDepartment of Government of Orissa and while<br \/>\nhe was\tso continuing,\the was appointed as Principal of the<br \/>\nMining Engineering  School. The provisional appointment made<br \/>\nwas  regularized   by  the   Industries\t Department   by   a<br \/>\nnotification dated  19-12-1962, a copy of which was Annexure<br \/>\nD\/2 to the Writ application. This notification clearly shows<br \/>\nthat at that time respondent No. l was treated as an officer<br \/>\nof the Industries Department.\n<\/p>\n<p>     Then came\ta Resolution  of the  Government dated 21-4-<br \/>\n1964. The  common cadre\t of the\t Industries  department\t was<br \/>\nbifurcated into\t two.  A  separate  cadre  was\tcreated\t for<br \/>\nteaching posts\tof Engineering\tSchools in  Orissa including<br \/>\nthe Mining  Engineering School.\t Respondent No.\t 1 exercised<br \/>\nhis option to remain in the teaching cadre of the Industries<br \/>\nDepartment.\n<\/p>\n<p>     As per Resolution of the Government dated 2-10-1967 the<br \/>\ntwo separate  cadres in the Industries Department were again<br \/>\namalgamated and\t merged into  one. Consequently the cadre of<br \/>\nthe teaching  staff of the Engineering Schools including the<br \/>\nMining Engineering  School and\tthat of\t the  administrative<br \/>\nstate became a single combined cadre.\n<\/p>\n<p>     6-L 839 Sup Cl\/75<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">302<\/span><br \/>\nEven then  respondent No. I was not considered for promotion<br \/>\nto the\tpost of Joint Director when respondent No. 2 who was<br \/>\njunior to him was promoted to the post. Feeling aggrieved by<br \/>\nthe non-consideration  of his case for promotion, respondent<br \/>\nNo. 1  filed the  writ application  in the year 1970. During<br \/>\nthe pendency of the writ application, the Governor of Orissa<br \/>\nframed the orissa Industries Service Rules, 1971-hereinafter<br \/>\ncalled the  Rules, under  proviso to  Article  3()9  of\t The<br \/>\nConstitution. Respondent No. 1 amended his writ application,<br \/>\n1 made\tout a  case of\tdiscrimination in the framing of the<br \/>\nRules and  attacked them  as being  violative of Articles 14<br \/>\nand 16 of the Constitution.\n<\/p>\n<p>     In paragraph  S of\t the counter  filed by the appellant<br \/>\nthe formatio  of a  combined cadre by Resolution dated 2-10-<br \/>\n1967 was  admitted. But it was asserted that in spite of the<br \/>\nmerger of  the two  cadres into\t one the  intention  of\t the<br \/>\nGovernment was\tto treat  the post  of the  Principal  cf  a<br \/>\nMining Engineering  School as  an ex-cadre  post  under\t the<br \/>\nIndustries Department.\tThe Mining  Engineers were  excluded<br \/>\nfrom the  junior  grade\t of  service  under  the  Industries<br \/>\nDepartment in  accordance with\tthe Rules  of 1971.  Earlier<br \/>\nalso, respondent No. 1 got class I post out of turn treating<br \/>\nhim as belonging to ex-cadre post.\n<\/p>\n<p>     The High  Court has  come to the conclusion that before<br \/>\n21-4-1964 there were no separate cadres for the teaching and<br \/>\nthe administrative  staff of  the Industries Department. The<br \/>\ncadre was  one. It  was\t bifurcated  in\t 1964  and  the\t two<br \/>\nbifurcated cadres  were again  united and merged into one on<br \/>\nand from  2-10-1967. There  was, therefore, no justification<br \/>\nat all\tin not\tconsidering the case of respondent No. 1 for<br \/>\npromotion to  the post\tof Joint  Director as all persons in<br \/>\nthe  combined\tcadre  eligible\t for  promotion\t had  to  be<br \/>\nconsidered. Respondent\tNo. 1 was senior to respondent No. 2<br \/>\nin the\tcombined cadre\tand yet\t his claim  was ignored on a<br \/>\nground which  was not  substantiated. The  relevant rule was<br \/>\ndiscriminatory and  had no  reasonable nexus with the object<br \/>\nof the- Rules.\n<\/p>\n<p>     The judgment  of the  High Court was handed down on the<br \/>\n30th  November,\t  1972-long  before   the  issuance  of\t the<br \/>\nnotification dated 27th June, 1975 by the President of India<br \/>\nunder Article  359(1) of  the  Constitution.  The  rule\t was<br \/>\ndeclared ultra\tvires  on  the\tground\tof  J  violation  of<br \/>\nArticles 14  and 16.  The State\t of orissa was the appellant<br \/>\nbefore us.  It was, therefore, agreed on all hands that this<br \/>\nappeal was  not a  proceeding pending  in this Court for the<br \/>\nenforcement  of\t  the  right   under  Article\t14  of\t the<br \/>\nConstitution  and   was,  therefore,   not  suspended.\t The<br \/>\nenforcement of\tthe right  was made  by the delivery- of the<br \/>\nHigh Court  judgment and  the State  merely wanted  in\tthis<br \/>\nappeal a deletion of that enforcement.\n<\/p>\n<p>     Mr. Gobind\t Das, learned  counsel\tfor  the  appellant,<br \/>\nsubmitted that\tthe posts  of the  teachers  in\t the  Mining<br \/>\nEngineering School  in Orissa  including the  posts  of\t the<br \/>\nPrincipal have\talways been treated as ex-cadre posts in the<br \/>\nIndustries Department. The teachers and the Principal of the<br \/>\nMining Engineering  School were not considered for promotion<br \/>\nto  the\t posts\tof  Administrative  Department\tbecause\t few<br \/>\npersons<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">303<\/span><br \/>\nwere available\tto man\tthe posts  in the Mining Engineering<br \/>\nSchool. It  was because\t of this  reason that  the  case  of<br \/>\nrespondent No.\t1 was not considered and the Rules were also<br \/>\nframed with  that object in view. In any view of the matter,<br \/>\ncounsel submitted,  that the  whole of\tRule 3(1) (ii) ought<br \/>\nnot to\thave been  declared as\tvoid and  only the offending<br \/>\nportion ought to have been struck down.\n<\/p>\n<p>     The main  part of the argument put forward on behalf of<br \/>\nthe appellant  does not stand scrutiny and must be rejected.<br \/>\nIt could not be seriously disputed that respondent No. 1 was<br \/>\nan officer of the Industries Department and appointed to the<br \/>\npost of\t the Principal\tof the\tMining Engineering School in<br \/>\nthat Department.  There is nothing to indicate that the post<br \/>\nof the Principal or of the teacher of any Engineering School<br \/>\nor of  the Mining  Engineering School  was an ex-cadre post.<br \/>\nThen came  the Resolution  date(l 21st\tApril, 1964. The new<br \/>\nscales of  pay were fixed for the teachers in Engineering in<br \/>\nThe Engineering\t Schools including  the\t Mining\t Engineering<br \/>\nSchool in  the State of Orissa The contention of Mr Das that<br \/>\nthis fixation of scales was only for the Engineering Schools<br \/>\nand not\t for  Mining  Engineering  School  is  not  correct.<br \/>\nClearly all  Engineering Schools  were placed  on  the\tsame<br \/>\nlooting and paragraph 3 of` this Resolution runs as follows:\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\t  &#8220;The teaching\t posts in  Engineering Schools which<br \/>\n     till now were included in common cadre with other posts<br \/>\n     in the  Directorate of  Industries will  be placed in a<br \/>\n     separate cadre  to which  the above  scale of  pay will<br \/>\n     apply.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>     Then came the merger resolution after about three years<br \/>\non the\t2nd October,  1967 a copy of which was Annexure I to<br \/>\nthe writ  application.\tThe  subject  of  the  notification,<br \/>\nAnnexure l,  is &#8221;formation  of a  combined  cadre  for\t the<br \/>\nofficers of  the  Industries  Department&#8221;.  It\twas  clearly<br \/>\nmentioned hl This notification that after the teaching posts<br \/>\nwere placed  in a  separate cadre  &#8220;it\twas  felt  that\t the<br \/>\npromotion prospects would be bleak due to the formation of a<br \/>\nseparate cadre\tfor teachers  in view  of the  limited posts<br \/>\navailable for  promotion&#8221;. Hence formation of separate cadre<br \/>\nfor teachers was considered not to be beneficial to them. So<br \/>\nthe combined  cadre was\t brought into force with effect from<br \/>\nthe date  of the  issue of the Resolution dated 2nd October,<br \/>\n1967 in\t supersession of  the earlier  decision\t to  have  a<br \/>\nseparate cadre\tfor teachers.  Lastly it  was stated in this<br \/>\nResolution &#8220;The\t conditions of\tservice of  all the officers<br \/>\nwill be\t governed by a set of cadre rules to be framed later<br \/>\non&#8221;. No\t rules were framed until the framing of the Rules in<br \/>\n1971. As  against a  categorical statement in the Resolution<br \/>\ndated 2-10-1967\t there was nothing whatever to show that the<br \/>\npost of a teacher or the Principal in the Mining Engineering<br \/>\nSchool was  treated as\tan ex-cadre  post and  on a separate<br \/>\nfooting for  the purpose  of promotion to the administrative<br \/>\nposts. The non-consideration of the case of respondent No. 1<br \/>\nat the\ttime respondent\t No. 2\twas promoted  to the post of<br \/>\nJoint  Director\t in  or\t about\tthe  year  1969\t was  wholly<br \/>\narbitrary, unjustified and illegal. The High Court was right<br \/>\nin making  the order which it did on the writ application of<br \/>\nrespondent<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">304<\/span><br \/>\n     As against\t the purpose and object of the merger of the<br \/>\ncadre mentioned\t in the\t Resolution dated  2-10-1967 we find<br \/>\nRule 3 of the Rules going contrary to them. Rule 9(1) of the<br \/>\nRules says:\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\t  &#8220;Promotions to  the posts of Senior grade in Class<br \/>\n     I shall  be made  from among  the members of the Junior<br \/>\n     grade in Class I :&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>     Constitution of  the service  is provided in Rule 3. We<br \/>\nare concerned with Rule 3(1). It reads as follows:\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\t  &#8220;3 ( 1 ) The cadre of the service shall consist of<br \/>\n     two branches,  viz., Class\t I and\tClass ii, the former<br \/>\n     comprising two  grades, viz.,  the Senior grade and the<br \/>\n     Junior grade, as indicated below:-\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>\t  (i)  The Senior grade shall include posts of Joint<br \/>\n\t       Directors and  officers of  equivalent status<br \/>\n\t       as may be declared by Government from time to<br \/>\n\t       time.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>\t  (ii) The  Junior grade  shall include the posts of<br \/>\n\t       Deputy\tDirectors,   Senior   Lecturers\t  in<br \/>\n\t       Engineering Schools  and such  other posts as<br \/>\n\t       may be  declared by  Government from  time to<br \/>\n\t       time to\tbe of equivalent status, besides the<br \/>\n\t       posts  of   Principal.  Engineering   Schools<br \/>\n\t       (except Mining  Engineering) and Polytechnics<br \/>\n\t       which carry a special scale of pay.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>     Clause (ii) of the Rules when it says in the first part<br \/>\nthat the  &#8220;junior grade\t shall include\tthe posts  of Deputy<br \/>\nDirectors, Senior Lecturers in Engineering Schools&#8221; it means<br \/>\nclearly\t Senior\t  Lecturers  in\t  Engineering  Schools\t not<br \/>\nexcluding Mining  Engineering School.  But in  the last part<br \/>\nwhen in\t the  junior  ;grade  were  included  the  posts  of<br \/>\nPrincipals, Engineering\t Schools by the words &#8220;except Mining<br \/>\nEngineering&#8221; given  in the  parenthesis,  the  post  of\t the<br \/>\nPrincipal of  the Mining Engineering School was excluded. It<br \/>\nwas so\tdone during  the pendency of the writ application of<br \/>\nrespondent No.\t1 and without any reasonable and sound basis<br \/>\nfor making  a  discrimination  a  propos  the  post  of\t the<br \/>\nPrincipal of  the Mining  Engineering School.  We find\t  no<br \/>\njustification for making the distinction in the junior grade<br \/>\nof Class  I service  in the  case of the Principal of Mining<br \/>\nEngineering School. The rule in that regard has rightly been<br \/>\nheld  to   be  violative  of  Articles\t14  and\t 16  of\t the<br \/>\nConstitution by\t the High  Court. But  striking down  of the<br \/>\nwhole of  clause (ii)  of Rule\t3(1) of\t the Rules  was\t not<br \/>\nnecessary. Only\t the words  in parenthesis had to be deleted<br \/>\nand struck down on that account. That would serve<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">305<\/span><br \/>\nthe  purpose  of  making  the  posts  of  Principal  of\t all<br \/>\nEngineering Schools  including the Mining Engineering School<br \/>\nbeing the posts in the junior grade, Class I.\n<\/p>\n<p>     For the  reasons stated above, we find no merit in this<br \/>\nappeal. It  is accordingly  dismissed  but  subject  to\t the<br \/>\nclarification made  above with\tcosts payable  to respondent<br \/>\nNo. 1.\n<\/p>\n<pre>V.P.S.\t\t\t\t\t   APPeal dismissed.\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">306<\/span>\n\n\n\n<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India State Of Orissa vs Khageswar Das And Others on 12 August, 1975 Equivalent citations: 1975 AIR 1906, 1976 SCR (1) 300 Author: N Untwalia Bench: Untwalia, N.L. PETITIONER: STATE OF ORISSA Vs. RESPONDENT: KHAGESWAR DAS AND OTHERS DATE OF JUDGMENT12\/08\/1975 BENCH: UNTWALIA, N.L. BENCH: UNTWALIA, N.L. ALAGIRISWAMI, A. GOSWAMI, P.K. 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