{"id":221169,"date":"1952-12-22T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1952-12-21T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/abdul-hasan-and-anr-vs-state-of-bihar-and-anr-on-22-december-1952"},"modified":"2019-03-25T01:45:15","modified_gmt":"2019-03-24T20:15:15","slug":"abdul-hasan-and-anr-vs-state-of-bihar-and-anr-on-22-december-1952","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/abdul-hasan-and-anr-vs-state-of-bihar-and-anr-on-22-december-1952","title":{"rendered":"Abdul Hasan And Anr. vs State Of Bihar And Anr. on 22 December, 1952"},"content":{"rendered":"
Patna High Court<\/div>\n
Abdul Hasan And Anr. vs State Of Bihar And Anr. on 22 December, 1952<\/div>\n
Equivalent citations: AIR 1953 Pat 337, 1953 (1) BLJR 35<\/div>\n
Author: Ramaswami<\/div>\n
Bench: Ramaswami, S Prosad<\/div>\n<\/p>\n
<\/pre>\n
JUDGMENT<\/p>\n
Ramaswami, J.<\/p>\n
 1. In these applications which have been heard together the same question of law is involved, namely, whether the provisions of the Bihar Land Reforms Act, 1950, are applicable to properties held by trustees for religious and charitable purpose.\n<\/p>\n
 2. In Misc. Judicial Case No. 250 the petitioner Molvi Abdul Hasan is the Mutswalli or Saifgunj Wakf Estate and Munshahi Wakf Estate. It is stated in the affidavit that “the Saifganj Wakf Estate was dedicated to the Almighty” by a registered Wakfnama dated 11-7-1914. The Manshahi Wakf Estate was similarly created by another registered document in the year 1934. It is alleged that on 22-5-1952, the Government of Bihar in exercise of the powers conferred by Section 3, Bihar Land Reforms Act notified that the two Wakf estates have become vested in and passed to the State of Bihar. The petitioner asserts that the State Government has no authority to acquire the properties vested in trustees for a religious or charitable purpose and that the notification with respect to the two estates is illegal and without jurisdiction. The petitioner prays for a writ in the nature of mandamus commanding the State Government not to interfere with the possession or the management of the petitioner over the estates in question.\n<\/p>\n
 2a. In Misc. Judicial Case No. 251 the material facts are of similar character.\n<\/p>\n
 3. It was submitted by the learned counsel on behalf of the petitioners that on a proper construction the Bihar Land Reforms Act cannot be applied to properties held for a religious or charitable purpose.     Learned Counsel referred to Section 3 (1) of the Act which authorises the State Government to   declare   by   notification   that   the   estates   or tenures specified in the notification have become vested in the State.   Section 2 (o) defines ‘proprietor’ to mean a person holding in trust or owning for his own benefit an estate or part of an estate. It  was  argued by  the  learned Counsel  that the mutawalli of a wakf estate was not a trustee in the technical sense but he was only a manager. In support of this argument learned counsel referred to — ‘Vidya Varuthi Thirtha Swamigal  v.  Baluswami Ayyar’, AIR 1922 P. C. 123 (A) in which it was observed by Mr. Ameer Ali who pronounced the opinion of the Judicial Committee that a mutawalli has no right in the property belonging to the wakf; that the property was not legally vested in him and that he was not a ‘trustee’ in the technical sense.  It is true that   according to Mohammadan Law once it is declared that a particular property is wakf,   the right of the wakf is extinguished & the   ownership   is   transferred   to   the   Almighty though the manager of the wakf is mutawalli or curator.     In this connection learned Counsel also relied upon Section 1, Indian   Trusts   Act which states that nothing contained in the Act would affect the rules of Mohammadan law as to wakf. But the argument of the learned counsel proceeds upon a misconception.     The question in the present case is not whether the mutawalli of a wakf is a trustee in the strict sense of English law. The question is, on the contrary   whether the   Bihar Land Reforms Act applies to the properties held by mutawallis of a wakf for a charitable or religious purpose.     The answer to the question is furnished by the Act itself.\n<\/p>\n
 Section 2   (o)  defines a ‘proprietor’ to mean a person holding in trust or owning for his own benefit an estate or part of an estate. Section 2  (s) defines ‘trust’ to mean any express or constructive trust created or existing for a public purpose of a charitable or religious nature and a ‘Hindu, Muslim, Christian, Buddhist’ or any other refigious or charitable endowment.      It  is manifest that the Legislature  intended that for the purpose  of the Bihar Land Reforms Act the word  ‘trust’  should include  a  Muslim  religious  or  charitable  endowment.      On   this   branch   of   his   argument   the learned counsel referred to the proviso to Section 4   (f)   which prohibits  the Collector from taking charge  of  an  institution,  religious  or secular, of any trust, or to interfere with the right of a trustee to apply the trust money to the objects of the trust.      Learned  counsel  argued  on the  basis of this provision that the Act was not intended to apply to  religious or  charitable trust.      But the proviso to Section 4 (f) must be read in the context of other important provisions of the Act.   I have already referred to Sections 2 (o) and 2 (s). It   is  further   important   to   note   that  Section 24 (3) provides that in the case of a religious or charitable trust the compensation payable should be assessed as a perpetual annuity equal to the net income  of the properties.      On the examination of these important provisions it is clear that the Bihar Land Reforms Act applies to the Zamindary assets vested in the trustees for religious or charitable purpose and that the Legislature has sufficiently manifested its intention on this point.     The argument of the  learned counsel must therefore fail.\n<\/p>\n
 4. It was then submitted for the petitioners that the Bihar Legislature had no authority to legislate for wakf estates. Learned Counsel pointed out that the subject-matter of wakf estates would fall within entry Nos. 10 & 28 of the Concurrent List. Entry No. 10 relates to ‘Trust and Trustees’. Entry No. 28 relates to ‘Charities and charitable institutions, charitable and religious endowments and religious institutions’. Learned counsel was however unable to point out how the provisions of the Bihar Land Reforms Act are repugnant to the provisions of any Union law with respect to item Nos. 10 and 28 of the Concurrent List. Even if there is such a repugnancy between the provisions of the Union law, the argument of the petitioners must be rejected as unsound. Tested by its true nature and character, in other words, its ‘pith and substance’, it is obvious that the Bihar Land Reforms Act falls within item 38 of the State list, viz., Acquisition or requisitioning of property, except for the purposes of the Union, subject to the provisions of entry 42 of list III”. The legislation is not substantially or primarily with respect to entry No. 10 or entry No. 28 in the Concurrent List. If this view is correct, the case would fall within the ambit of the principle enunciated by the Judicial Committee in — ‘Megh Raj v. Allah Rakhia’, AIR. 1947 P. C. 72 (B) in which it was held that where the Province was acting wholly within its power under the Provincial list and was not relying on any power conferred on it by the Concurrent list, the doctrine of repugnancy had no application. A similar argument was addressed by Mr. P. R. Das in— ‘Jankinath v. State of Bihar’, AIR 1953 Pat 105 (C) of which judgment is pronounced today and for the reasons elaborately set forth in the judgment of that case I am of opinion that the Bihar Land Reforms Act is constitutionally valid even though some of its provisions may trench incidentally on certain matters reserved for the Union Parliament.\n<\/p>\n
 5. In my opinion both these applications must be dismissed with costs. Hearing fee five gold mohars in each case.\n<\/p>\n
 Sarjoo Prosad, J.\n<\/p>\n
 6. I entirely agree <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Patna High Court Abdul Hasan And Anr. vs State Of Bihar And Anr. on 22 December, 1952 Equivalent citations: AIR 1953 Pat 337, 1953 (1) BLJR 35 Author: Ramaswami Bench: Ramaswami, S Prosad JUDGMENT Ramaswami, J. 1. In these applications which have been heard together the same question of law is involved, namely, whether the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-221169","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-high-court","category-patna-high-court"],"yoast_head":"\nAbdul Hasan And Anr. vs State Of Bihar And Anr. on 22 December, 1952 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/abdul-hasan-and-anr-vs-state-of-bihar-and-anr-on-22-december-1952\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Abdul Hasan And Anr. vs State Of Bihar And Anr. on 22 December, 1952 - 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