{"id":225779,"date":"1957-04-25T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1957-04-24T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/bashiruddin-ashraf-vs-the-state-of-bihar-on-25-april-1957"},"modified":"2018-02-19T23:40:37","modified_gmt":"2018-02-19T18:10:37","slug":"bashiruddin-ashraf-vs-the-state-of-bihar-on-25-april-1957","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/bashiruddin-ashraf-vs-the-state-of-bihar-on-25-april-1957","title":{"rendered":"Bashiruddin Ashraf vs The State Of Bihar on 25 April, 1957"},"content":{"rendered":"
Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n
Bashiruddin Ashraf vs The State Of Bihar on 25 April, 1957<\/div>\n
Equivalent citations: 1957 AIR 645, \t\t 1957 SCR 1032<\/div>\n
Author: S J Imam<\/div>\n
Bench: Das, Sudhi Ranjan (Cj), Imam, Syed Jaffer, Das, S.K., Menon, P. Govinda, Sarkar, A.K.<\/div>\n
           PETITIONER:\nBASHIRUDDIN ASHRAF\n\n\tVs.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nTHE STATE OF BIHAR\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT:\n25\/04\/1957\n\nBENCH:\nIMAM, SYED JAFFER\nBENCH:\nIMAM, SYED JAFFER\nDAS, SUDHI RANJAN (CJ)\nDAS, S.K.\nMENON, P. GOVINDA\nSARKAR, A.K.\n\nCITATION:\n 1957 AIR  645\t\t  1957 SCR 1032\n\n\nACT:\nMutawalli--Majlis,  Powers of-Budget-Mutawalli's failure  to\nPrepare\t  and  send  copy   to\t Majlis-Conviction-Validity-\n-Sentence  of fine, in\tdefault\t imprisonment--Legality-Bihr\nWaqfs  Act,  1947  (Bihar  Act\t8  Of  1948),  ss.  58,\t 65-\nConstitution of India, Art. 19 (1) (g).\n\n\n\nHEADNOTE:\nThe appellant failed to prepare a budget of the Waqf  Estate\nof which he was the mutawalli, for the year 1952-53 and send\na  copy of it to the Majlis before January 15, 1952,  as  he\nwas bound to do under S. 58(1) of the Bihar Waqfs Act, 1947,\nand  was convicted by the 'Magistrate under s. 65(1) of\t the\nAct  and sentenced to pay a fine of Rs. 100, in\t default  to\nundergo fifteen days simple imprisonment.  It was  contended\nfor  him  that the conviction and sentence  were  not  valid\nbecause\t (1) s. 58 of the Act contravened Art. 19(1) (g)  of\nthe Constitution of India, as it gave unrestricted power  to\nthe  Majlis  to alter or modify the budget prepared  by\t the\nmutawalli  without a right of appeal against the  action  of\nthe Majlis and so imposed an unreasonable restriction on the\nmutawalli in carrying on his occupation as such, and (2)  s.\n65  Of\tthe  Act did not provide  for  any  imprisonment  in\ndefault of payment of fine.\nHeld,  that  having  regard to the  fact  that\ta  mutawalli\noccupies  the  position of a manager or\t custodian  and\t the\nsupervision  over  him\tby the Majlis with  respect  to\t due\nadministration\tof the waqf property is necessary  and\tthat\nthe  powers  of\t the Majlis to alter or\t modify\t the  budget\nprepared by the mutawalli are controlled by sub-s. (6) Of s.\n58 of the Act, the restrictions imposed by S. 58 Of the\t Act\non the exercise of his powers\n1033\nby a mutawalli are reasonable.\tAccordingly, the  provisions\nOf  S. 58 'of the Act do not offend Art. 19 (i) (g)  of\t the\nConstitution.\nCommissioner,  Hindu  Religious Endowments,  Madras  v.\t Sri\nLakshmindya  Thirtha  Swamiar  of Sri  Shirur  Mutt,<\/a>  (1954)\nS.C.R. 1005, relied on.\nThe  order of the Magistrate providing for  imprisonment  in\ndefault\t of payment of fine is not invalid in view Of S.  33\nof the Code of Criminal Procedure read with ss. 4o and 67 of\nthe Indian Penal Code.\n\n\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n
CRIMINAL  APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal No. 39  of
\n1955.\n<\/p>\n
Appeal\tby special leave from the judgment and\torder  dated
\nJanuary\t 28,  1954,  of the Patna  High\t Court\tin  Criminal
\nRevision  No.  69 of 1954 arising out of  the  judgment\t and
\norder dated November 23, 1953, of the Sessions Judge, Patna,
\nin Criminal Appeal No. 288 of 1953 against the judgment\t and
\norder  dated  August 27, 1953, of the Munsif  Magistrate  of
\nPatna Sadar.\n<\/p>\n
Murtaza Fazl Ali and R. C. Prasad, for the appellant. S.  P.
\nVarma, for respondent No. 1.\n<\/p>\n
1957.  April 25.  The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
\nIMAM  J.-The  appellant\t was removed from  his\tposition  as
\nmutawalli of Gholam Yahia Waqf Estate on September 1,  1951,
\nby an order passed by the Majlis constituted under the Bihar
\nWaqfs Act, 1947 (Bihar Act 8 of 1948) (hereinafter  referred
\nto  as\tthe  Act).  He appealed to  the\t District  Judge  of
\nMonghyr,  as he was entitled to do under the  provisions  of
\nthe Act, and the operation of the order of removal passed by
\nthe  Majlis  was stayed by the District\t Judge\tpending\t the
\nhearing of his appeal.\tA complaint against him was filed in
\nthe Court of the Sadar Sub-Divisional Magistrate, Patna,  on
\nJuly 1, 1952, by Mahommad Sual, Nazir of the Majlis, on\t the
\norder of its Sadar.  It was alleged in the complaint that it
\nwas  the duty of the appellant’ to prepare a budget  of\t the
\nwaqf  estate of which he was a mutawalli, under s. 58(1)  of
\nthe Act, for the year
\n133<\/span>
\n1034<\/span>
\n1952-53\t and  to  send a copy of it  to\t the  Majlis  before
\nJanuary 15, 1952.  The appellant had deliberately failed  to
\ncomply\twith  the  aforesaid provisions\t and  therefore\t had
\ncommitted  an offence punishable under s. 65(1) of the\tAct.
\nThe  office of the Majlis where the budget had to  be  filed
\nwas  situated at Patna within the local jurisdiction of\t the
\nMagistrate  in\twhose Court the complaint  was\tfiled.\t The
\nappellant  was\tsubsequently  tried at\tPatna  by  a  Munsif
\nMagistrate  with First Class powers and convicted  under  s.
\n65(1) of the Act and sentenced to pay a fine of Rs. 100,  in
\ndefault\t to  undergo fifteen days simple  imprisonment.\t  He
\nappealed  to the Sessions Judge of Patna who  dismissed\t his
\nappeal.\t An application filed by the appellant in the  Patna
\nHigh  Court  in\t its criminal  revisional  jurisdiction\t was
\nrejected.   The appellant obtained special leave  to  appeal
\nagainst the order of the High Court.\n<\/p>\n
It  has\t been found as a fact that the appellant  failed  to
\nprepare a budget of the estimated income and expenditure  of
\nthe  waqf  estate  and to send a copy of it  to\t the  Majlis
\nbefore\t January   15,\t 1952.\t The   only   question\t for
\nconsideration  is whether the appellant’s failure to  comply
\nwith the provisions of s. 58(1) of the Act makes him  liable
\nto  be\tpunished  under\t s. 65(1).  At\tthis  stage,  it  is
\nnecessary to set out the provisions of a.    58\t of the\t Act
\nwhich are as follows:\n<\/p>\n
”  58  (1)  The mutawalli of every waqf\t shall,\t before\t the
\nfifteenth  day of January in each year, prepare a budget  of
\nthe  estimated income and expenditure of such waqf  for\t the
\nnext  succeeding financial year and shall forthwith  send  a
\ncopy thereof to the Majlis.\n<\/p>\n
(2)The\tMajlis may, within six weeks from the date on  which
\nit  receives such copy, alter or modify the budget  in\tsuch
\nmanner and to such extent as it thinks fit.\n<\/p>\n
(3)If  the Majlis alters or modifies any budget\t under\tsub-
\nsection\t (2), it, shall forthwith send a copy of the  budget
\nas  so\taltered\t or modified to the mutawalli  of  the\twaqf
\nconcerned, and the budget as so altered or modified shall be
\ndeemed to be the budget of the waqf.\n<\/p>\n
(4)If within the period mentioned in subsection (2) and\t for
\ntwo weeks thereafter the Majlis does
\n1035<\/span>
\nnot  send to the mutawalli of the waqf concerned a  copy  of
\nthe  budget  altered or modified as  aforesaid,\t the  Majlis
\nshall  be  deemed to have approved the\tbudget\twithout\t any
\nalteration or modification.\n<\/p>\n
(5)If the mutawalli fails to prepare and send a copy of\t the
\nbudget\tas  required by sub-section (1),  the  Majlis  shall
\nprepare\t a  budget for the waqf concerned  and\tsuch  budget
\nshall  be deemed to be the budget of that waqf for the\tyear
\nin question.\n<\/p>\n
(6)Nothing  contained  in this section shall  be  deemed  to
\nauthorise  the\tMajlis to alter or modify any  budget  in  a
\nmanner\tor to an extent inconsistent with the wishes of\t the
\nwaqif,\tso  far as such wishes can be  ascertained,  or\t the
\nprovisions of this Act.”\n<\/p>\n
Section\t 65 provides that a mutawalli may be punished if  he
\nfails  to  comply  with certain\t matters  mentioned  therein
\nincluding  his failure to comply with sub-s. (1) of  s.\t 58.
\nSub-section (1) of s. 65 reads as follows:\n<\/p>\n
” 65 (1) If a mutawalli fails without reasonable cause,\t the
\nburden\tof proving which shall be upon him, to\tcomply\twith
\nany order or direction made or issued under clauses (i), (o)
\nor (q) of sub-section (2) of section 27 or under section 56,
\nto comply with the provisions of sub-section (1) of  section
\n57, sub-section (1) of section 58, section 59 or section 60,
\nor  to\tfurnish\t any statement,\t annual\t account,  estimate,
\nexplanation or other document or information relating to the
\nwaqf  of  which\t he is mutawalli, which he  is\trequired  or
\ncalled upon to furnish under any of the other provisions  of
\nthis Act, he shall be punishable with fine which may extend,
\nin the case of the first offence, to two hundred rupees and,
\nin  the\t case of second or any subsequent offence,  to\tfive
\nhundred rupees.\t ”\n<\/p>\n
It  is\tclear from the provisions of s.\t 58(1)\tthat  before
\nJanuary\t 15,  each year, the mutawalli of  each\t waqf  shall
\nprepare a budget for the next succeeding financial year\t and
\nshall forthwith send a copy thereof to the Majlis.  Under s.
\n65  (1), if he fails to comply with the above, he is  liable
\nto be punished with fine.\n<\/p>\n
It  was contended by the learned Advocate for the  appellant
\nthat  s. 58 of the Act was an invalid provision\t because  it
\ngave unrestricted power to the Majlis to alter
\n1036<\/span>
\nor  modify  the budget prepared by the mutawalli  without  a
\nright of appeal against the action of the Majlis altering or
\nmodifying  the budget.\tThe provisions of s. 58\t imposed  an
\nunreasonable restriction on the mutawalli in carrying on his
\noccupation  as such.  Accordingly, the provisions of  s.  58
\noffended Art. 19(1) (g) of the Constitution..
\nThe  Act  was enacted for the purpose of providing  for\t the
\nbetter administration of waqfs in the State of Bihar as\t its
\npreamble  states.  Section 5 provides for the  establishment
\nof  two\t bodies\t corporate  known  as  Majlis  to  discharge
\nrespectively the functions assigned to them by the Act\twith
\nreference  to  Sunni  waqfs  and  Shia\twaqfs.\t Section  27
\nprovides  that the general superintendence of all  waqfs  in
\nthe  State shall be vested in the Majlis, which will do\t all
\nthings\treasonable  and necessary to ensure that  waqfs\t are
\nproperly  supervised  and administered and that\t the  income
\nthereof\t is duly appropriated and applied to the objects  of
\nsuch  waqfs  and in accordance with the purposes  for  which
\nsuch  waqfs were founded or for which they exist so  far  as
\nsuch  objects and purposes can be ascertained.\t Sub-section
\n(2)  of\t this section enumerates, inter alia,.\tthe  various
\npowers\tand duties of the Majlis including the removal of  a
\nmutawalli  from\t his office under certain  conditions.\t The
\nvarious\t powers set out in this subsection clearly  indicate
\nthat  the mutawalli is subordinate to and under the  control
\nof  the\t Majlis.  The Majlis under s. 47 may  also  make  an
\napplication  to\t the District Judge for\t an  order,  amongst
\nother  things, for the removal of the mutawalli.  Chapter  X
\ndeals with mutawallis and their duties and under s. 56 it is
\nspecifically  enjoined that every mutawalli shall carry\t out
\nall directions which may from time to time be issued to\t him
\nby  the\t Majlis\t under any of the  provisions  of  the\tAct.
\nPrevious  to the passing of the Act, the Mussalman Wakf\t Act
\n(Central  Act XLII of 1923) was enacted to  make  provisions
\nfor the better management of waqf property and for  ensuring
\nthe keeping and publication of proper accounts in respect of
\nsuch  properties.  It applied to all waqfs, except those  to
\nwhich s. 3 of the Mussalman Wakf Validating Act,
\n1037<\/span>
\n1913,  applied.\t Reference to some of the provisions of\t the
\nMussalman Wakf Act may now be made.  Section 3 provides\t for
\nthe  furnishing\t of particulars relating to a  waqf  to\t the
\nCourt, that is to say, a District Judge or within the limits
\nof  ordinary  original\tcivil jurisdiction,  to\t such  Court
\nsubordinate to the High Court as the State Government may by
\nnotification  in the Official Gazette designate.  Section  5
\nprovides that within three months after the thirty-first day
\nof  March  next following the date on  which  the  statement
\nreferred  to  in  s. 3 had been\t furnished,  and  thereafter
\nwithin\tthree  months of the thirty-first day  of  March  in
\nevery  year, the mutawalli shall prepare and furnish to\t the
\nCourt  a full and true statement of accounts of\t all  moneys
\nreceived  or expended by him on behalf of the waqf of  which
\nhe  was\t the mutawalli during the period  of  twelve  months
\nending\ton  such  thirty-first day  of\tMarch.\t Section  10
\nprovides  for  punishment  for failure to  comply  with\t the
\nprovisions  of\ts.  3 or s. 4 by a  mutawalli,\twho  becomes
\nliable\tto be fined a sum which may extend to  five  hundred
\nrupees,\t or, in the case of a second or\t subsequent  offence
\nwhich  may extend to two thousand rupees.  It is clear\tthat
\nthe  purpose of the Act and that of the Mussalman  Wakf\t Act
\nwas to ensure that the waqfs were properly administered\t and
\nthat  the income of the waqf was duly appropriated  for\t the
\npurposes for which the waqf had been founded.  Having regard
\nto  the fact that the mutawalli occupied the position  of  a
\nmanager\t or  a custodian and that some kind  of\t control  or
\nsupervision  over  him\tby the Majlis with  respect  to\t due
\nadministration of the waqf property and due appropriation of
\nfunds  was certainly necessary, we are of the  opinion\tthat
\nthe   provisions  of  s.  58  of  the  Act  are\t  reasonable
\nrestrictions  on the exercise of his duties as\ta  mutawalli
\nand  it cannot be said that the provisions of s.  58  offend
\nany  of the provisions of the Constitution.  As was said  in
\nthe  case of The Commissioner, Hindu  Religious\t Endowments,
\nMadras\tv.  Sri Lakshmindra Thirtha Swamiar  of\t Sri  Shirur
\nMutt<\/a>(1) a budget is indispensable in all public institutions
\nand that it is not per se
\n(1)  [1954] S.C.R. 1005, 1037.\n<\/p>\n
1038<\/span><\/p>\n
unreasonable  to  provide  for the  budget  of\ta  religious
\ninstitution  being  prepared under the\tsupervision  of\t the
\nCommissioner  or  the Area Committee.  Under s. 58  of\t the
\nAct,  the mutawalli has to prepare a budget and send a\tcopy
\nof it to the Majlis within a specified time and the  Majlis,
\nwhich has the powers of supervision over him, is  authorized
\nto alter or modify the budget.\tThis power of alteration  or
\nmodification  is  inherent in the power of  supervision\t and
\nsuch a provision in s. 58 cannot be said to be unreasonable.
\nReliance,  however, was placed on a passage in the  judgment
\nof this Court in the case cited above to the effect that  if
\nan  Area Committee under cl. 3 of s. 70 of the Madras  Hindu
\nReligious  and\tCharitable Endowments Act, 1951,  makes\t any
\naddition  or alteration in the budget, an appeal against  it
\nlay  to\t the Deputy Commissioner.  The\tpassage\t upon  which
\nreliance is placed is no authority for the proposition\tthat
\nthe  provisions\t of  s. 58 of the  Act\tbecome\tunreasonable
\nbecause\t there\tis no provision for an\tappeal\tagainst\t the
\norders of the Majlis.  The powers of the Majlis to alter  or
\nmodify\tthe  budget  prepared  by  the\tmutawalli  are\t not
\nunrestricted.\tSub-section (6) of s. 58 expressly  provides
\nthat  nothing  contained in the section shall be  deemed  to
\nauthorize  the\tMajlis to alter or modify any  budget  in  a
\nmanner\tor to an extent inconsistent with the wishes of\t the
\nwaqif,\tso  far as such wishes can be  ascertained,  or\t the
\nprovisions of the Act.\tIn our opinion, nothing contained in
\nsub-ss.\t (2),  (3) and (4) of s. 58 amount  to\tunreasonable
\nrestrictions on the exercise of the duties of the  mutawalli
\nas  a  person administering a waqf.  Even if it were  to  be
\nassumed that the said provisions amounted to an unreasonable
\nrestriction, sub-ss. (2), (3) and (4) are clearly  severable
\nfrom  sub-ss.  (1), (5) and (6) of s. 58.  Even\t if  sub-ss.
\n(2),  (3) and 4 were struck down, the mutawalli would  still
\nbe  under a legal obligation under sub-s. (1) to  prepare  a
\nbudget\tand  submit a copy thereof to the  Majlis  within  a
\nspecified  time\t and  his failure to do so  would  make\t him
\nliable to punishment under s. 65(1).\n<\/p>\n
It  was urged that the Sessions Judge erred in\tplacing\t the
\nonus  on the appellant under s. 65(1) to prove that  he\t had
\nsubmitted the copy of the budget within time.\n<\/p>\n
1039<\/span><\/p>\n
This  objection,  however,  does  not  require\ta   detailed
\nconsideration  because the Sessions Judge clearly stated  in
\nhis judgment that apart from the onus, he was satisfied that
\nthe  prosecution had fully established on the evidence\tthat
\nthe  appellant\thad failed to send a copy of the  budget  as
\nrequired by law.\n<\/p>\n
It was also pointed out that s. 65 does not provide for\t any
\nimprisonment  in  default  of  payment\tof  fine,  but\t the
\nappellant  was sentenced to 15 days simple  imprisonment  in
\ndefault\t of  payment  of fine.\tSection 33 of  the  Code  of
\nCriminal  Procedure  read with ss. 40 and 67 of\t the  Indian
\nPenal  Code  appears  to us to be a  clear  answer  to\tthis
\ncontention.\n<\/p>\n
It  was\t also  pointed out that under s. 65  of\t the  Act  a
\nsentence of fine extending upto five hundred rupees could be
\nimposed\t for a second or for a subsequent offence.  We\tneed
\nnot, however, consider that matter in the present appeal  as
\nit was conceded on behalf of the appellant that the sentence
\nof fine imposed upon him in the present case was for a first
\noffence.\n<\/p>\n
The appeal is accordingly dismissed.\n<\/p>\n
\t\t\t\t      Appeal dismissed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Supreme Court of India Bashiruddin Ashraf vs The State Of Bihar on 25 April, 1957 Equivalent citations: 1957 AIR 645, 1957 SCR 1032 Author: S J Imam Bench: Das, Sudhi Ranjan (Cj), Imam, Syed Jaffer, Das, S.K., Menon, P. Govinda, Sarkar, A.K. PETITIONER: BASHIRUDDIN ASHRAF Vs. RESPONDENT: THE STATE OF BIHAR DATE OF JUDGMENT: 25\/04\/1957 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-225779","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"\nBashiruddin Ashraf vs The State Of Bihar on 25 April, 1957 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/bashiruddin-ashraf-vs-the-state-of-bihar-on-25-april-1957\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bashiruddin Ashraf vs The State Of Bihar on 25 April, 1957 - 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