{"id":226612,"date":"2002-07-23T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2002-07-22T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/comm-of-central-excise-and-vs-ishwarlal-k-patel-on-23-july-2002"},"modified":"2019-04-13T02:33:33","modified_gmt":"2019-04-12T21:03:33","slug":"comm-of-central-excise-and-vs-ishwarlal-k-patel-on-23-july-2002","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/comm-of-central-excise-and-vs-ishwarlal-k-patel-on-23-july-2002","title":{"rendered":"Comm. Of Central Excise And … vs Ishwarlal K. Patel on 23 July, 2002"},"content":{"rendered":"
Gujarat High Court<\/div>\n
Comm. Of Central Excise And … vs Ishwarlal K. Patel on 23 July, 2002<\/div>\n
Author: M Shah<\/div>\n
Bench: M Shah, K Puj<\/div>\n<\/p>\n
<\/pre>\n
JUDGMENT<\/p>\n
 M.S. Shah, J.  <\/p>\n
1. This is an application filed by the Commissioner of Central Excise Surat-1 seeking a direction to the Customs Excise & Gold [ Control ] Appellate Tribunal, Mumbai to refer the statement of case and the following question under Section 35H[1] of the Central Excise Act, 1944. [hereinafter referred to as ” the Act “]
\n   ” Whether the provisions of fine and penalty as given in Central Excise Act, 1944 are applicable to the goods i.e.Man Made Fabrics [ MMF] which are subjected to Additional Excise Duties in terms of additional Duties of Excise [ Goods of Special Importance ] Act, 1957 ?”\n<\/p>\n
 In the order giving rise to this reference the Tribunal has placed reliance on the decision of the Delhi High Court in Pioneer Silk Mills Vs. Union of India reported in 1995 [80] ELT- 507 wherein it was held that the penalty provisions contained in Central Excise Act, 1944 were not applicable to the man made fabrics as no such provisions were found in the Additional duties of Excise [ Goods of Special Importance ] 1957 [ hereinafter referred to as the ” Act of 1957 ” ] before the amendment of the latter in 1994.\n<\/p>\n
  2. Earlier, this very question came to be referred to this Court in Central Excise and Customs Gold Control Ref. No.1 of 2001.  After considering the aforesaid decision of the Delhi High Court in Pioneer Silk Mills [supra], this Court answered the reference in favour of the revenue for the following reasons:-\n<\/p>\n
” It will thus be seen that penalty provisions are an integral part of assessment and collection of duties of which the necessary adjuncts  are confiscation  and  penalty without which the imposition of taxes will lack teeth and become ineffective.  If power to impose penalty for violation of the obligation to pay additional duty of excise is excluded in respect of the goods enumerated in the First Schedule of the Additional  duties  Act, then these taxation provisions would be reduced to a donation drive in respect of these very items for which duty of excise is also imposed under the Central Excise Act, 1944 and the rules made thereunder and violation of which would entail both confiscation and penalty.\n<\/p>\n
 The provisions of penalties are devised to ensure that the excise regulations are enforced and the recovery of excise dues is secured. The process of collection of revenue  involves  enacting methods of  collection.The  procedure of assessment and collection are intertwined with confiscation and penalty once violation of excise regulations is established, as contemplated by the rules imposing penalties. The object of the provisions to impose heavy penalties is to ensure that  the  revenue  is  protected  against procrastination carelessness or deceit which is practised on a large scale, would make collection of the taxes a difficult task.\n<\/p>\n
 For the above reasons, it is clear to us that all the provisions of the Central Excise Act, 1944 and the rules made thereunder, including the provisions  relating  to  confiscation  and imposition of penalty contained therein, are applicable to the levy and collection of the additional duty of excise under section 3[1] of the Additional Duties of Excise Act, 1957 in the same manner as they already apply in relation to the levy and collection of such goods under the Central  Excise  Act, 1944 and rules framed thereunder.\n<\/p>\n
 We accordingly hold that the provisions relating to confiscation and  imposition  of  penalty contained in the Central excise Act, 1944 and the  rules  thereunder are applicable to man-made  fabrics which are liable to additional duty of  excise under the First Schedule of section 3[1]  of the Additional Duties if Excise Act and are  ‘excisable goods’ mentioned in schedule to the  Central Excise Tariff Act, 1985 by the virtue of  incorporation by reference under section 3[3] of  the Additional Duties Act of all the provisions  contained in the central Excise Act, 1944 rules  made thereunder.\n<\/p>\n
 The  question  referred  to  us in answered  accordingly in favour of the revenue and against  the assessee.  There shall be no order as to  costs.”\n<\/p>\n
3. In the present application again, the  same question is sought to be referred. Ordinarily once this Court made the aforesaid pronouncement of  law  on 22.1.2002, there would be no need to make any such reference application again. However, our attention is now invited to the decision of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in Civil Appeal No.1851-1857 of 1994 In Union of India and ors, Vs.  Sanghi Textile Processors & ors. decided on 10\/4\/2002 wherein it is held that no interference of the Apex Court was called for and the appeals were accordingly dismissed.\n<\/p>\n
 The aforesaid appeals were filed against the Delhi High Court decision dated September 9, 1991 in Pioneer Silk Mills Ltd. [ CW 789\/90] and in the case of Sanghi Textile [ CW 750\/90] along with the writ petitions of other parties.  The Division Bench of the Delhi High Court comprising of Hon’ble Mr.Justice D.P.Wadhva and Honb’le Mr.Justice Bhandari held in the said decision that the provisions contained in the Central Excise Act 1944 were not applicable to the man made fabrics which were subjected to the duties by the 1957 Act  as aforesaid.  The Hon’ble Supreme Court has confirmed the view of the Delhi High Court in Union of India Vs. Sanghi Textiles decided on 10.4.2002 as aforesaid.\n<\/p>\n
4. Again in the decision dated 16.4.2002,  the Hon’ble Supreme Court dismissed Civil Appeals Nos.22-23 of 1996 filed by Collector of Central Excise, Jaipur against  the CEGAT order Nos.142 to 146\/94-A dated 23.5.1994, reported in 1995 [75] ELT 427 [ Tribunal ] in the case of Rajasthan Processors [ India ] Ltd. Vs. Collector of Central Excise, Jaipur, in the following terms:-\n<\/p>\n
 ” The Civil Appeals must be dismissed, being  covered against the Revenue by the decision of  this Court delivered on 10th April 2002 in the  case of Union of India and ors.  Vs. Sanghi  Textile Processors and ors. etc. [ Civil Appeal  Nos. 1851-1857 of 1994]<\/p>\n
 Order accordingly.\n<\/p>\n
  No order as to costs.”\n<\/p>\n
 We have perused the decision of the Tribunal in Rajasthan Processors [ India ] reported in 1995 [75] ELT 427 and having perused the same and the aforesaid order dated 16.4.2002 of the Hon’ble Supreme Court confirming the said decision of the Tribunal, we are clearly of the view that the controversy is now concluded by the Hon’ble Supreme Court against the revenue.\n<\/p>\n
5. Mr.D.N.Patel, learned Sr. Standing counsel for the Central Government has, however, submitted that the aforesaid decisions of the Hon’ble Supreme Court are not speaking orders and, therefore, the decision of the Delhi High Court in Pioneer Silk Mills Ltd. and in Sanghi Textiles cannot be said to have merged into the orders of the Hon’ble Supreme Court. Hence, the learned counsel for the revenue, wants us to follow the above decision dated 22.1.2002 of this Court in CECG Reference No.1 of 2001.\n<\/p>\n
6. We are afraid the submission made by the learned Sr.Standing counsel for the revenue cannot be accepted. The above quoted orders passed by the Hon’ble Supreme Court on 10.4.2002 and 16.4.2002 are not in Special Leave Petitions but those orders have dismissed Civil Appeals filed by the revenue against the decision of the Delhi High Court in Sanghi Textile Processors [ supra]. Hence, the aforesaid decisions of the Delhi High Court and of the Tribunal have merged into the orders of the Hon’ble Supreme Court. The principles laid down by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of V.M.Salgoacor and Brothers Pvt. Ltd. Vs. CIT reported in AIR 2000 SC- 1623 make this legal position very clear. It has been held in the said decision that while the orders of the Hon’ble Supreme Court dismissing special Leave petitions do not attract the doctrine of merger, the orders of the Hon’ble Supreme Court- even non speaking ordersdismissing Civil Appeals do attract the doctrine of merger.\n<\/p>\n
7. In view of the above discussion, now there can be no doubt or controversy about the legal position on the question sought to be referred, which is answered by the Hon’ble Supreme Court in favour of the assessee. The reference application  accordingly  deserves  to  be dismissed and is accordingly dismissed .\n<\/p>\n
The writ of this Court shall be sent to the CEGAT, Mumbai expeditiously.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Gujarat High Court Comm. Of Central Excise And … vs Ishwarlal K. Patel on 23 July, 2002 Author: M Shah Bench: M Shah, K Puj JUDGMENT M.S. Shah, J. 1. This is an application filed by the Commissioner of Central Excise Surat-1 seeking a direction to the Customs Excise & Gold [ Control ] Appellate […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-226612","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gujarat-high-court","category-high-court"],"yoast_head":"\nComm. Of Central Excise And ... vs Ishwarlal K. Patel on 23 July, 2002 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/comm-of-central-excise-and-vs-ishwarlal-k-patel-on-23-july-2002\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Comm. Of Central Excise And ... vs Ishwarlal K. Patel on 23 July, 2002 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/comm-of-central-excise-and-vs-ishwarlal-k-patel-on-23-july-2002\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/LegalindiaCom\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2002-07-22T18:30:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-04-12T21:03:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/09\/legal-india-icon.jpg?fit=512%2C512&ssl=1\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"512\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"512\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Legal India Admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@legaliadmin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@Legal_india\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Legal India Admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/comm-of-central-excise-and-vs-ishwarlal-k-patel-on-23-july-2002#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/comm-of-central-excise-and-vs-ishwarlal-k-patel-on-23-july-2002\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Legal India Admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0bfdffe9059fb8bb24a86d094609c5ea\"},\"headline\":\"Comm. Of Central Excise And … vs Ishwarlal K. Patel on 23 July, 2002\",\"datePublished\":\"2002-07-22T18:30:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-04-12T21:03:33+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/comm-of-central-excise-and-vs-ishwarlal-k-patel-on-23-july-2002\"},\"wordCount\":1361,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Gujarat High Court\",\"High Court\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/comm-of-central-excise-and-vs-ishwarlal-k-patel-on-23-july-2002#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/comm-of-central-excise-and-vs-ishwarlal-k-patel-on-23-july-2002\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/comm-of-central-excise-and-vs-ishwarlal-k-patel-on-23-july-2002\",\"name\":\"Comm. Of Central Excise And ... vs Ishwarlal K. Patel on 23 July, 2002 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2002-07-22T18:30:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-04-12T21:03:33+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/comm-of-central-excise-and-vs-ishwarlal-k-patel-on-23-july-2002#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/comm-of-central-excise-and-vs-ishwarlal-k-patel-on-23-july-2002\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/comm-of-central-excise-and-vs-ishwarlal-k-patel-on-23-july-2002#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Comm. Of Central Excise And … vs Ishwarlal K. Patel on 23 July, 2002\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/\",\"name\":\"Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India\",\"description\":\"Search and read the latest judgements, orders, and rulings from the Supreme Court of India and all High Courts. A comprehensive database for lawyers, advocates, and law students.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"Free judgements of Supreme Court & High Court of India | Legal India\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India\",\"alternateName\":\"Legal India\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/5\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/legal-india-icon.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/5\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/legal-india-icon.jpg\",\"width\":512,\"height\":512,\"caption\":\"Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/LegalindiaCom\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/Legal_india\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0bfdffe9059fb8bb24a86d094609c5ea\",\"name\":\"Legal India Admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Legal India Admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/legaliadmin\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/author\\\/legal-india-admin\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Comm. Of Central Excise And ... vs Ishwarlal K. Patel on 23 July, 2002 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/comm-of-central-excise-and-vs-ishwarlal-k-patel-on-23-july-2002","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Comm. Of Central Excise And ... vs Ishwarlal K. Patel on 23 July, 2002 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India","og_url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/comm-of-central-excise-and-vs-ishwarlal-k-patel-on-23-july-2002","og_site_name":"Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/LegalindiaCom\/","article_published_time":"2002-07-22T18:30:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2019-04-12T21:03:33+00:00","og_image":[{"width":512,"height":512,"url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/09\/legal-india-icon.jpg?fit=512%2C512&ssl=1","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Legal India Admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@legaliadmin","twitter_site":"@Legal_india","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Legal India Admin","Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/comm-of-central-excise-and-vs-ishwarlal-k-patel-on-23-july-2002#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/comm-of-central-excise-and-vs-ishwarlal-k-patel-on-23-july-2002"},"author":{"name":"Legal India Admin","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#\/schema\/person\/0bfdffe9059fb8bb24a86d094609c5ea"},"headline":"Comm. Of Central Excise And … vs Ishwarlal K. Patel on 23 July, 2002","datePublished":"2002-07-22T18:30:00+00:00","dateModified":"2019-04-12T21:03:33+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/comm-of-central-excise-and-vs-ishwarlal-k-patel-on-23-july-2002"},"wordCount":1361,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#organization"},"articleSection":["Gujarat High Court","High Court"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/comm-of-central-excise-and-vs-ishwarlal-k-patel-on-23-july-2002#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/comm-of-central-excise-and-vs-ishwarlal-k-patel-on-23-july-2002","url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/comm-of-central-excise-and-vs-ishwarlal-k-patel-on-23-july-2002","name":"Comm. Of Central Excise And ... vs Ishwarlal K. Patel on 23 July, 2002 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#website"},"datePublished":"2002-07-22T18:30:00+00:00","dateModified":"2019-04-12T21:03:33+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/comm-of-central-excise-and-vs-ishwarlal-k-patel-on-23-july-2002#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/comm-of-central-excise-and-vs-ishwarlal-k-patel-on-23-july-2002"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/comm-of-central-excise-and-vs-ishwarlal-k-patel-on-23-july-2002#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Comm. Of Central Excise And … vs Ishwarlal K. Patel on 23 July, 2002"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/","name":"Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India","description":"Search and read the latest judgements, orders, and rulings from the Supreme Court of India and all High Courts. A comprehensive database for lawyers, advocates, and law students.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#organization"},"alternateName":"Free judgements of Supreme Court & High Court of India | Legal India","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#organization","name":"Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India","alternateName":"Legal India","url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/09\/legal-india-icon.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/09\/legal-india-icon.jpg","width":512,"height":512,"caption":"Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/LegalindiaCom\/","https:\/\/x.com\/Legal_india"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#\/schema\/person\/0bfdffe9059fb8bb24a86d094609c5ea","name":"Legal India Admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Legal India Admin"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.legalindia.com","https:\/\/x.com\/legaliadmin"],"url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/author\/legal-india-admin"}]}},"modified_by":null,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/226612","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=226612"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/226612\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=226612"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=226612"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=226612"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}