{"id":227453,"date":"1975-01-17T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1975-01-16T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/babulal-das-vs-the-state-of-west-bengal-on-17-january-1975"},"modified":"2018-03-04T03:58:45","modified_gmt":"2018-03-03T22:28:45","slug":"babulal-das-vs-the-state-of-west-bengal-on-17-january-1975","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/babulal-das-vs-the-state-of-west-bengal-on-17-january-1975","title":{"rendered":"Babulal Das vs The State Of West Bengal on 17 January, 1975"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Babulal Das vs The State Of West Bengal on 17 January, 1975<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_citations\">Equivalent citations: 1975 AIR  606, \t\t  1975 SCR  (3) 193<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: V Krishnaiyer<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: Krishnaiyer, V.R.<\/div>\n<pre>           PETITIONER:\nBABULAL DAS\n\n\tVs.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nTHE STATE OF WEST BENGAL\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT17\/01\/1975\n\nBENCH:\nKRISHNAIYER, V.R.\nBENCH:\nKRISHNAIYER, V.R.\nSARKARIA, RANJIT SINGH\n\nCITATION:\n 1975 AIR  606\t\t  1975 SCR  (3) 193\n 1975 SCC  (1) 311\n CITATOR INFO :\n RF\t    1975 SC1165\t (13)\n RF\t    1987 SC1383\t (9)\n\n\nACT:\nMaintenance  of\t Internal Security Act, 1971  (Act  XXVI  of\n1971), Section 3(1)(a)(ii)-Detention order, whether  illegal\non account of solitary incident.\n\n\n\nHEADNOTE:\nThe  petitioner has been detained in pursuance of the  order\nof detention passed by the District Magistrate under  sub-s.\n(1)(a)(ii)  of s. 3 of the Maintenance of Internal  Security\nAct, 1971.  The act imputed to the detenue is as follows :\n\t      \"That on 16-2-73 between 10-08 and 10-14 hours\n\t      you,  along with your other associates,  being\n\t      armed  with gun and other weapons committed  a\n\t      dacoity in a 3rd class compartment of  running\n\t      train  S\t110 Dn. between\t Habibpur  R.S.\t and\n\t      Kalinarayanpur  Junction\tR.S.  in   Ramaghat-\n\t      Santipur\tSection and snatched away  cash\t Rs.\n\t      30,000\/-\tfrom Shri Ashutosh Pal\tof  Calcutta\n\t      causing  bullet  injuries to him\tputting\t all\n\t      passengers to fear of death.\"\nIt  was\t contended for the detenu that a  solitary  incident\ncannot imperil internal security and therefore, the order is\nillegal.\nRejecting the contention and dismissing the writ petition\nHELD:One  who  reads the ground of detention,  will  be\nalarmed\t  by   the  training  and  planning   and   sinister\npreparation of skill and spirit which has. made possible the\ncommission of the act imputed organised dacoity in a running\nrailway\t train by an armed gang equipped with fire-arms\t and\nputting,   innocent   passengers  to  Peril  to\t  life\t and\nproperty...  Such  action  is so  manifestly  suggestive  of\ndesperate daring, organised ganging and habitual  proclivity\nto.  violence that it cannot be held unreasonable  to  infer\ntherefrom  a  trendy  course  of  criminal  conduct-although\nintercepted  or\t detected but once likely  to  break  public\norder in a brazen manner and panicking the community by show\nof  force.  In this view, the petitioner's detention  cannot\nbe castigated as illegal. [194F-G]\nObiter\t It  is fair that persons  kept\t incarcerated  and\nembittered  without  trial should be given  some  chance  to\nreform themselves by reasonable recourse to the parole power\nunder s. 15.  Calculated risks. by release for short periods\nmay, perhaps, be a social gain, the beneficent\tjurisdiction\nbeing wisely exercised, [195F]\n\n\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>ORIGINAL JURISDICTION : Writ Petition No. 444 of 1974.<br \/>\nPetition under Art. 32 of the Constitution of India.<br \/>\nO.   P, Malviya, for the petitioner.\n<\/p>\n<p>M.   M. Kshatriya, and G. C. Chatterjee, for the respondent.<br \/>\nThe Judgment of the Court was delivered by<br \/>\nKRISHNA\t IYER, J.-A single act of outrageous violence, in  a<br \/>\nrunning\t train\ton February 16, 1973 by an  armed  gang,  of<br \/>\nwhich  the petitioner was alleged to be a member,  persuaded<br \/>\nthe  District  Magistrate of Nadia to direct  his  detention<br \/>\nunder  sub-S.  (1) (a) (ii) of S. 3 of\tthe  Maintenance  of<br \/>\nInternal Security Act, 1971 (Act XXVI of 1971)\t(hereinafter<br \/>\ncalled\tthe  MISA,  for short).\t  The  subsequent  statutory<br \/>\nrequirements  have  been fulfilled impeccably and  the\tonly<br \/>\nmajor sub<br \/>\n14-L379 Sup.C 75<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">194<\/span><br \/>\nmission\t of  the  petitioner is that on merits,\t he  is\t not<br \/>\nguilty, that a case charge-sheeted against him has ended  in<br \/>\na  discharge and that a single incident is  insufficient  to<br \/>\nconstitute  &#8216;a\tstream of  tendency&#8217;  warranting  preventive<br \/>\ndetention.   Most  of the submissions urged have  no  force.<br \/>\nThe  fact that the petitioner was discharged by a court\t for<br \/>\nthe same crime does no bear on the power to detain, nor\t are<br \/>\nwe  impressed  with  the other arguments  urged\t before\t us.<br \/>\nLearned\t counsel  Sri  Malviya,\t appearing  amicus   curiae,<br \/>\nstrenuously  contended\tthat  one swallow does\tnot  make  a<br \/>\nsummer\tand  likewise  a solitary  incident  cannot  imperil<br \/>\nmaintenance  of internal security and so the order  is\tbad.<br \/>\nHe relied on certain rulings of this Court and, rightly so.<br \/>\nThis  Court has been vigilant to see that isolated  offences<br \/>\nare not exploited by executive authorities for clamping down<br \/>\npreventive  detention  insouciantly to\tby-pass\t the  normal<br \/>\njudicial  processes.  But there is one exceptional  category<br \/>\nof  cases  where  an  only  dangerous  deviance\t may  itself<br \/>\ndemonstrate its potentiality for continuing criminality\t and<br \/>\nindicate  previous practice, experiment and  expertise.\t  In<br \/>\nsuch  a\t narrow\t category  of  causes  it  is  difficult  to<br \/>\npredicate  abuse of power or absence of application of\tmind<br \/>\nby the authority if preventive detention is directed  solely<br \/>\non one specialised crime.\n<\/p>\n<p>In the present case the act imputed to the detenu is set out<br \/>\nin the detention order thus:\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\t      &#8220;That on 16-2-73 between 10-08 and 10-14 hours<br \/>\n\t      you,  along with your other associates,  being<br \/>\n\t      armed  with gun and other weapons committed  a<br \/>\n\t      dacoity in a 3rd class compartment of  running<br \/>\n\t      train  S. 1 10 Dn. between Habibpur  R.S.\t and<br \/>\n\t      Kalinarayanpur  Junction\tR. S.  in  Ramaghat-<br \/>\n\t      Santipur\tSection and snatched away  cash\t Rs.<br \/>\n\t      30.000\/-\tfrom Shri Ashutosh Pal\tof  Calcutta<br \/>\n\t      causing  bullet  injuries to him\tputting\t all<br \/>\n\t      passengers to fear of death..&#8221;\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>He  who\t runs and reads-if the statement were true  and\t its<br \/>\nveracity  is  unavailable  for\tjudicial  scrutiny-will\t  be<br \/>\nalarmed\t  by   the  training  and  planning   and   sinister<br \/>\npreparation of skill and spirit which has made possible\t the<br \/>\ncommission of the act imputed-organized dacoity in a running<br \/>\nrailway\t train by an armed gang equipped with  firearms\t and<br \/>\nputting\t innocent passengers to peril to life and  property.<br \/>\nSuch action is so manifestly suggestive of desperate daring,<br \/>\norganized  ganging and habitual proclivity to violence\tthat<br \/>\nit  cannot be held unreasonable to infer therefrom a  trendy<br \/>\ncourse of criminal conduct-although intercepted or  detected<br \/>\nbut once-likely to break public order in a brazen manner and<br \/>\npanicking  the\tcommunity  by show of  force.\tWe  are\t not<br \/>\nconcerned with the merits of the alleged offence, since that<br \/>\nis   assigned\tby  the\t Legislature  to   the_\t  subjective<br \/>\nsatisfaction   of   the\t authority.   In  this\t view,\t the<br \/>\npetitioner&#8217;s  detention\t cannot,  in the  present  case,  be<br \/>\ncastigateD as illegal, since we regard it as exceptional.<br \/>\n  While\t discharging  the  rule issued\tand  dismissing\t the<br \/>\npetition,  we  wish to emphasize that s. 15  is\t often\tlost<br \/>\nsight of by the Government in<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">195<\/span><br \/>\nsuch  situations, as long term preventive detentions can  be<br \/>\nself-defeating or criminally counter-productive.  Section 15<br \/>\nreads:\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\t      &#8220;15.  Temporary release of persons detained-<br \/>\n\t      (1)   The\t appropriate Government may, at\t any<br \/>\n\t      time,  direct  that  any\tperson\tdetained  in<br \/>\n\t      pursuance of a detention order may be released<br \/>\n\t      for   any\t specified  period  either   without<br \/>\n\t      conditions  or upon such conditions  specified<br \/>\n\t      in  the direction as that person accepts,\t and<br \/>\n\t      may, at any time, cancel his release.<br \/>\n\t      (2)   In\tdirecting the release of any  person<br \/>\n\t      under   subsection   (1),\t  the\tappropriate.<br \/>\n\t      Government  may  require him to enter  into  a<br \/>\n\t      bond  with  or without sureties  for  the\t due<br \/>\n\t      observance of the conditions specified in\t the<br \/>\n\t      direction.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>\t      (3)   Any\t person released  under\t sub-section<br \/>\n\t      (1)  shall surrender himself at the  time\t and<br \/>\n\t      place, and to the authority, specified in\t the<br \/>\n\t      order directing his release or cancelling\t his<br \/>\n\t      release, as the case may be.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>\t      (4)   If\tany person fails without  sufficient<br \/>\n\t      cause  to\t surrender  himself  in\t the  manner<br \/>\n\t      specified\t in  sub-section (3),  he  shall  be<br \/>\n\t      punishable  with imprisonment for a  term\t may<br \/>\n\t      extend to two years, or with fine, or\twith<br \/>\n\t      both.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>\t      (5)   If any person released under sub-section<br \/>\n\t      (1)\t    fails  to  fulfil  any  of\t the<br \/>\n\t      conditions imposed upon\t\t  him  under<br \/>\n\t      the  said sub-section or in the  bond  entered<br \/>\n\t      into by him, the bond shall be declared to  be<br \/>\n\t      forfeited\t and any person bound thereby  shall<br \/>\n\t      be liable to pay the penalty thereof.&#8221;\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>We  consider that it is fair that persons kept\tincarcerated<br \/>\nand embittered without trial should be given some chance  to<br \/>\nreform themselves by reasonable recourse to the parole power<br \/>\nunder s. 15.  Calculated<br \/>\n     risks, by release for short periods may, perhaps, be  a<br \/>\nsocial\tgain,  the  beneficent\tjurisdiction  being   wisely<br \/>\nexercised.  In this context we would recall the observations<br \/>\nmade by this Court in <a href=\"\/doc\/1669803\/\">Anil Dey v. State of West Bengal.<\/a>()<br \/>\n&#8220;The   petition,  therefore,  deserves\tto   be\t  dismissed.<br \/>\nHowever,  the fact remains that the petitioner was  arrested<br \/>\nin  September 1972, and has been in deterrent  incarceration<br \/>\nfor nearly a year and half.  Prolonged imprisonment  without<br \/>\ntrial alienates the individual against society and makes him<br \/>\na vengeful enemy when he ultimately emerges from the  prison<br \/>\ncell.\tIndeed,\t it  is a serious  injury  inflicted  on  an<br \/>\nindividual by the State which can be justified as a  measure<br \/>\nof  social  defence only in extreme circumstances.   But  to<br \/>\njail   a   man\ton  subjective\tsatisfaction   of   possible<br \/>\nprejudicial  activity  and  to forget about  him  after\t the<br \/>\nstatutory formalities have been perform-<br \/>\n(1)  A.I.R. 1974 S.C. 832.\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">196<\/span><\/p>\n<p>.lm15<br \/>\ned  is\tnot fair to the constitutional\tguarantees.   It  is<br \/>\nappropriate  for  a  democratic\t government  not  merely  to<br \/>\nconfine\t preventive detention to serious cases but  also  to<br \/>\nreview,\t periodically  the need for the continuance  of\t the<br \/>\nincarceration.\t The rule of law and public conscience\tmust<br \/>\nbe respected to the maximum extent risk-taking permits,\t and<br \/>\nwe  dismiss  the present petition with the  hopeful  thought<br \/>\nthat the petitioner and others like him will not languish in<br \/>\nprison cells for a day longer than the administrator  thinks<br \/>\nis absolutely necessary for the critical safety of society.&#8221;<br \/>\nThe  State  may be reminded, in its own interests,  of\tthis<br \/>\nCourt&#8217;s anxious admonition in Gama(1) :\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\t      &#8220;If  the detaining authority takes the  chance<br \/>\n\t      of conviction and, when the court verdict goes<br \/>\n\t      against it, falls back on its detention  power<br \/>\n\t      to  punish  one  whom  the  Court\t would\t not<br \/>\n\t      convict,\t it   is  an   abuse   and   virtual<br \/>\n\t      nullification  of\t the judicial  process.\t  If<br \/>\n\t      honestly\tfinding a dangerous  person  getting<br \/>\n\t      away  with  it  by  over-awing  witnesses\t  or<br \/>\n\t      concealing   the\t commission   cleverly,\t  an<br \/>\n\t      authority\t thinks. on the material before\t him<br \/>\n\t      that  there  is  likelihood  of  and  need  to<br \/>\n\t      interdict\t public disorder at his instance  he<br \/>\n\t      may validly direct detention.  The distinction<br \/>\n\t      is fine but real.&#8221;\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>We  hope the humanist mandate in s. 15 of the MISA will\t not<br \/>\nrust  in the statute book but will be used by Government  to<br \/>\nhumanise,  by gradual assimilation into society, those\twho,<br \/>\nwith blood-shot eyes, hate and intimidate their fellow\tmen.<br \/>\nThe rare use of this provision suggests that the  compassion<br \/>\nand conscience of the law must be actively shared by the men<br \/>\nwho operate the machine from executive cells.<br \/>\nV.M.K.\t Petition dismissed.\n<\/p>\n<p>(1) [1974] 4 S.C.C. 530. 534.\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">197<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India Babulal Das vs The State Of West Bengal on 17 January, 1975 Equivalent citations: 1975 AIR 606, 1975 SCR (3) 193 Author: V Krishnaiyer Bench: Krishnaiyer, V.R. PETITIONER: BABULAL DAS Vs. RESPONDENT: THE STATE OF WEST BENGAL DATE OF JUDGMENT17\/01\/1975 BENCH: KRISHNAIYER, V.R. BENCH: KRISHNAIYER, V.R. SARKARIA, RANJIT SINGH CITATION: 1975 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-227453","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Babulal Das vs The State Of West Bengal on 17 January, 1975 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/babulal-das-vs-the-state-of-west-bengal-on-17-january-1975\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Babulal Das vs The State Of West Bengal on 17 January, 1975 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; 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