{"id":229945,"date":"1974-10-30T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1974-10-29T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/panchireddi-appala-suramma-alias-vs-gadela-ganapatlu-on-30-october-1974"},"modified":"2017-01-22T03:51:38","modified_gmt":"2017-01-21T22:21:38","slug":"panchireddi-appala-suramma-alias-vs-gadela-ganapatlu-on-30-october-1974","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/panchireddi-appala-suramma-alias-vs-gadela-ganapatlu-on-30-october-1974","title":{"rendered":"Panchireddi Appala Suramma Alias … vs Gadela Ganapatlu on 30 October, 1974"},"content":{"rendered":"
Andhra High Court<\/div>\n
Panchireddi Appala Suramma Alias … vs Gadela Ganapatlu on 30 October, 1974<\/div>\n
Equivalent citations: AIR 1975 AP 193<\/div>\n
Author: S O Reddi<\/div>\n
Bench: S O Reddi, M Rao<\/div>\n<\/p>\n
<\/pre>\n
JUDGMENT<\/p>\n
 S. Obul Reddi, C.J.  <\/p>\n
 1. The short and interesting question that arises in this Civil Miscellaneous Appeal is whether a marriage between two minors, when the bridegroom has not completed the age of eighteen years and the bride the age of fifteen years at the time of the marriage, is no marriage in the eye of law.\n<\/p>\n
 2. The facts are not in dispute. The appellant is the wife. Admittedly, she was aged about six years at the date of her marriage with the respondent, who was then eleven years old, the date of marriage being Vaisakha Bahula Pancharm in Hevilambi year (1957). On 6-5-1958, the father of the appellant is alleged to have executed a settlement deed conferring certain rights on the appellant and the respondent. In 1967, misunderstandings arose between the appellant’s father and the family of the respondent. The appellant’s father then turned out the respondent from his house and executed a revocation deed on 1-5-1967 purporting to revoke the settlement deed executed by him earlier on 6-5-1958. On 9-5-1967, he issued a registered notice to the respondent repudiating the marriage between the appellant and the respondent. To that, the respondent sent a reply warning the appellant’s father against the consequences he may have to face in case he got the appellant married to another person. The appellant never joined the respondent at any time and, therefore, the respondent filed an application under Section 9 of the Hindu Marriage Act for restitution of conjugal rights. That application was resisted by the appellant, among other grounds on the ground that no marriage took place and even otherwise, any such marriage would be a void marriage under Section 5 of the said Act.\n<\/p>\n
 3. The learned Additional Subordinate Judge found that the marriage between the parties was true, valid and created a legal relationship of hubsand and wife. He, therefore, granted a decree for restitution of conjugal rights. At the date when the petition was filed by the respondent under Section 9 of the Act, the appellant was a minor and was represented by her father and guardian.\n<\/p>\n
 4. Mr. Poorniah the learned Counsel appearing for the appellant, contended that the marriage of the appellant with<\/p>\n
the respondent is void within the meaning of Clause (iii) of Section 5 of the Act and, therefore, it is not necessary that any application should be filed by the appellant for annulment of that marriage either under Section 11 or under Section 12 of the Act.\n<\/p>\n
 5. Mr. Sivaprasada Rao appearing for the respondent strenuously contended that a reading of the relevant provisions. Sections 5, 11. 12 and 18 of the Act would make it clear that it was not the intention of the Parliament that a marriage solemnized between two minors should come within the purview of either Section 11 or Senction 12, for the reason that, under Section 18, any person who procures such a marriage would be liable for punishment.\n<\/p>\n
 6. We may therefore, read the relevant provisions:\n<\/p>\n
 “Section 5. A marriage may be solemnized between any two Hindus, if the following conditions are fulfilled namely:–\n<\/p>\n
 (i) neither party has a spouse living at the time of the marriage;\n<\/p>\n
 (ii) neither party is an idiot or a lunatic at the time of the marriage;\n<\/p>\n
 (iii) the bridegroom has completed the age of eighteen years and the bride the age of fifteen years at the time of the marriage;\n<\/p>\n
 (iv) the parties are not within the degrees of prohibited relationship, unless the custom or usage governing each of them permits of a marriage between the two;\n<\/p>\n
 (v) the parties are not sapindas of each other, unless the custom or usage governing each of them permits of a marriage between the two;\n<\/p>\n
 (vi) where the bride has not completed the age of eighteen years, the consent of her guardian in marriage, if any, has been obtained for the marriage.\n<\/p>\n
 11. Any marriage solemnized after the commencement of this Act shall be null and void and may, on a petition presented by either party thereto, be so declared by a decree of nullity if it contravenes any one of the conditions specified in Clauses (1) (iv) and (v) of Section 5.\n<\/p>\n
 12. (1) Any marriage solemnized, whether before or after the commencement of this Act, shall be voidable and may be annulled by a decree of nullity on any of the following grounds, namely:\n<\/p>\n
 (a) that the respondent was impotent at the time of the marriage and continued to be so until the institution of the proceeding; or  <\/p>\n
 (b) that the marriage is in contravention of the condition specified in Clause (ii) of Section 5; or  <\/p>\n
 (c) that the consent of the petitioner, or where the consent of the guardian in marriage of the petitioner is required under Section 5, the consent of such guardian was obtained by force or fraud; or  <\/p>\n
 (d) that the respondent was at the time of the marriage pregnant by some person other than the petitioner;\n<\/p>\n
 (2) Notwithstanding anything contained in Sub-section (1), no petition for annulling a marriage;\n<\/p>\n
 (a) on the ground specified in Clause  <\/p>\n
 (c) of Sub-section (1) shall be entertained if-\n<\/p>\n
 (i) the petition is presented more than one year after the force had ceased to operate or, as the case may be, the fraud had been discovered; or-\n<\/p>\n
 (ii) the petitioner has, with his or her full consent, lived with the other party to the marriage as husband or wife after the force had ceased to operate or, as the case may be. the fraud had been discovered; or  <\/p>\n
 (b) on the ground specified in Clause  <\/p>\n
 (d) of Sub-section (1) shall be entertained unless the court is satisfied-\n<\/p>\n
 (i) that the petitioner was at the time of the marriage ignorant of the facts alleged;\n<\/p>\n
 (ii) that proceedings have been instituted in the case of a marriage solemnized before the commencement of this Act within one year of such commencement and in the case of marriage solemnized after such commencement within one year from the date of the marriage; and  <\/p>\n
 (iii) that marital intercourse with the consent of the petitioner has not taken place since the discovery by the petitioner of the existence of the grounds for a decree.\n<\/p>\n
 18. Every person who procures a marriage of himself or herself to be solemnized under this Act in contravention of the conditions specified in Clauses (iii) (iv), (v) and (vi) of Section 5 shall be punishable-\n<\/p>\n
 (a) in the case of a contravention of the condition specified in Clause (iii) of Section 5, with simple imprisonment which may extend to fifteen days, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both;\n<\/p>\n
 (b) in the case of a contravention of the condition specified in Clause (iv) or Clause (v) of Section 5, with simple imprisonment which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both; and  <\/p>\n
 (c) in the case of a contravention of the condition specified in Clause (iv) of Section 5, with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees.”\n<\/p>\n
 Section 5 lays down the conditions to be satisfied for solemnizing a Hindu marriage. Clause (iii) of Section 5 imposes a condition that the bridegroom should have completed the age of eighteen years and the bride the age of fifteen years at the time of the marriage. In other words.\n<\/p>\n
a marriage between the bridegroom ,who has not completed the age of eighteen years and the bride, who has not completed the age of fifteen years cannot be solemnized. Where the bride has not completed the age of eighteen years, the consent of her guardian for the marriage has to be obtained is laid down in Clause (vi) of Section 5. Sections 11 and 12 deal with void and voidable marriages. A marriage performed in contravention of Clauses (i), (iv) and (v) of Section 5 will be null and void. It does not automatically become null and void unless a petition is presented by either party to the marriage for declaration of their marriage as null and void on the ground of contravention of any one of the conditions specified in Clauses (i) (iv) and (v). Voidable marriages are referred to in Section 12.\n<\/p>\n
 7.        What     Mr.     Sivaprasada     Bao contends is that, as there is no reference at all to Clause (iii) of Section 5 either in Section 11 or in Section    12 the question of declaring a    marriage solemnized between two minors as null and void does not arise.    In other words, it is his case that, notwithstanding    the fact that the marriage of two minors has been brought about in contravention of Clause   (iii)  of Section 5, such    a marriage    cannot be avoided in the absence  of any provision for avoidance    of such marriage in Sections 11 and 12.    In support of his argument,  he  calls in aid  Section  18,  which provides for prosecution and punishment for contravention of Clause   (iii) of Section 5.    It should be    remembered    that Section 18 provides for prosecution    and punishment not only for contravention of the conditions specified in Clause (iii) but also for contravention    of the conditions specified in Clauses (iv),    (v) and (vi)    of Section 5.     Section  11  only provides for the relief to be obtained in cases of marriages solemnized contrary to the conditions laid down in Clauses   (i). (iv) and (v) of Section 5.    Section 18 is introduced to punish persons    who    procure prohibited marriage as specified  in  Clauses   (iii)   (iv) (v) and (vi)    of Section 5.    The    object sought to be achieved by the two provisions is different.    The mere    declaration of a marriage as null and void under Section 11 will not achieve the special object sought to be achieved by the Act, unless there is also the follow-up action by way of punishment as provided in Section 18. It is for that reason that Section 18 is introduced.    It cannot,    therefore, be said that the parliament    intended    to make marriage    between    two    minors    only punishable and not render them null and void under Clause (iii) of Section 5.   What we are concerned    now is not with the penal consequences   that   flow from   the marriage solemnized in  contravention of the conditions specified in Section 5, but awhether a marriage solemnized in contravention of Clause (iii) of Section 5 is void. The Parliament has advisedly fixed    the age of eighteen    years  for  a bridegroom and the age of fifteen years for the bride, so that the marriages    of boys and girls below  the  prescribed     ages  shall not be solemnized  by  the  parents  or guardians. It is for the reason that the marriageable age of a bride    is fixed as fifteen    years that  Clause  (vi)     has been introduced so that the consent of the parent or guardian may be obtained if she has not completed the age of eighteen years.    If we are to agree with Mr.  Sivaprasada Rao that, by reason of the fact that Sections 11 and 12 do not at all    provide for    annulment of a marriage    solemnized in    contravention of Clause (iii) of    Section 5, then    it will  throw open    once  again the    floodgates of child    marriages. The object    of the    Hindu Marriages Act is to    prevent and eradicate the evil of child marriages. That is why the marriageable ages of the bridegroom and bride are prescribed.    A marriage between the bridegroom and the bride, if their ages do not satisfy the requirements of Clause (iii) of Section 5, cannot be solemnized as it is prohibited    under Clause (iii) of Section 5.    It is not necessary  that,  in  the  event of  contravention of Clause (iii) of Section 5 either party to the marriage should rush to the court for declaring that marriage as null and void. Such a marriage is void ab initio.    So far as Clauses   (i), (iv) and (v) of Section 5 are concerned, a petition will have to be presented for the reason that there may    be dispute as to whether one of the parties has already a spouse living at the time of the marriage or whether they are within the  prohibited  degrees  of relationship of are sapindas as specified in Clauses    (iv) and (v).    It is for that reason that Section 11 specifically speaks of a petition being presented by either party to the marriage for declaration of that marriage as null and void.    Where the bride    and bridegroom are minors, as in this case, there is no question of presenting any petition.   Such a marriage is no marriage in the eye of law and it cannot be solemnized in    the event of the bride and bridegroom being below  the  ages  prescribed in Clause  (iii) of Section 5.    It is for that reason that there is no reference to Clause (iii) of Section 5 either in Section 11 or Section 12.\n<\/p>\n
 8. One of us, (Obul Reddi, J. as he then was) in Pallamsetti v. D. Sriramulu, , while referring to a marriage between two minors settled by their parents, observed:\n<\/p>\n
  “All that has happened in the instant case is, a contract was entered into to perform a marriage which is prohibited by law and is opposed to public policy. The mere intention to celebrate such a marriage, which if celebrated, will be ab<\/p>\n
initio void, is not sufficient to disentitle the plaintiff from recovering what he gave as presents to the prospective bride.”\n<\/p>\n
 9. Therefore, the absence of any reference to Clause (iii) of Section 5 either in Section 11 or Section 12 does not make a marriage, which is ab initio void, valid, legal and binding.\n<\/p>\n
 10. The learned Counsel for the respondent, however, placed reliance upon a decision of the Judicial Commissioner of Himachal Pradesh in Smt. Naumi v. Narotam, . Where it has been held that a marriage of a girl below fifteen years of age is neither void nor voidable. For the reasons recorded we are unable to agree with the view expressed by the Judicial Commissioner.\n<\/p>\n
 11. In the result, the judgment and decree, of the court below are set aside and the appeal is allowed, but in the circumstances, without costs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Andhra High Court Panchireddi Appala Suramma Alias … vs Gadela Ganapatlu on 30 October, 1974 Equivalent citations: AIR 1975 AP 193 Author: S O Reddi Bench: S O Reddi, M Rao JUDGMENT S. Obul Reddi, C.J. 1. The short and interesting question that arises in this Civil Miscellaneous Appeal is whether a marriage between two […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-229945","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-andhra-high-court","category-high-court"],"yoast_head":"\nPanchireddi Appala Suramma Alias ... vs Gadela Ganapatlu on 30 October, 1974 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/panchireddi-appala-suramma-alias-vs-gadela-ganapatlu-on-30-october-1974\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Panchireddi Appala Suramma Alias ... vs Gadela Ganapatlu on 30 October, 1974 - 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