{"id":240038,"date":"2000-11-06T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2000-11-05T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/union-of-india-vs-k-m-shankarappa-on-6-november-2000"},"modified":"2015-02-07T08:21:39","modified_gmt":"2015-02-07T02:51:39","slug":"union-of-india-vs-k-m-shankarappa-on-6-november-2000","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/union-of-india-vs-k-m-shankarappa-on-6-november-2000","title":{"rendered":"Union Of India vs K. M. Shankarappa on 6 November, 2000"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Union Of India vs K. M. Shankarappa on 6 November, 2000<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: S.N.Variava, V.N.Krare<\/div>\n<pre>           CASE NO.:\nAppeal (civil) 3106 1991\n\n\nPETITIONER:\nUNION OF INDIA\n\n\tVs.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nK.  M.\tSHANKARAPPA\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT:\t06\/11\/2000\n\nBENCH:\nS.N.Variava, V.N.Krare\n\n\n\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>L&#8230;..I&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;T&#8230;&#8230;.T&#8230;&#8230;.T&#8230;&#8230;.T&#8230;&#8230;.T&#8230;&#8230;.T..J<br \/>\n      J U D G M E N T S.  N.  VARIAVA, J.\n<\/p>\n<p>      This  Appeal  is against a Judgment dated\t 2nd  April,<br \/>\n1990  in  Writ Petition No.  4335 of 1979.   The  Respondent<br \/>\n(herein)  had challenged the virus of certain provisions  of<br \/>\nthe  Cinematograph  Act, 1952 (hereinafter called  the\tsaid<br \/>\nAct)  as  amended  by  Act No.\t49 of  1981.   In  the\tWrit<br \/>\nPetition the challenge was to the constitutional validity of<br \/>\nSections  3(1),\t 4(1), 5D, 6(1) and 7(1).  By  the  impugned<br \/>\nJudgment  Sections  3(1), 4(1), 5D and 7(1) were held to  be<br \/>\nconstitutionally  valid.  However, portions of Section\t6(1)<br \/>\nhave  been  held to be unconstitutional and  those  portions<br \/>\nhave  been  struck down.  It must be mentioned that, in\t the<br \/>\ncase  of  <a href=\"\/doc\/1719619\/\">K.  A.  Abbas v.  Union of India<\/a> reported  in\t AIR<br \/>\n1971  S.C.   481, the validity of certain provisions of\t the<br \/>\nsaid Act had been challenged, inter alia, on the ground that<br \/>\nan appeal from a decision of the Board should lie to a Court<br \/>\nor  to\tan  independent\t Tribunal and  not  to\tthe  Central<br \/>\nGovernment.  The Solicitor General made a statement that the<br \/>\nGovernment  would  appropriately amend the Act to set  up  a<br \/>\nTribunal.  This Court commented as follows:  &#8220;We express our<br \/>\nsatisfaction  that  the\t Central Government  will  cease  to<br \/>\nperform\t curial functions through one of its Secretaries  in<br \/>\nthis  sensitive\t field\tinvolving the fundamental  right  of<br \/>\nspeech\tand  expression.  Experts sitting as a Tribunal\t and<br \/>\ndeciding  matters  quasi-judicially inspire more  confidence<br \/>\nthan a Secretary and therefore, it is better that the appeal<br \/>\nshould lie to a court or Tribunal.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p>      It  is pursuant to this statement and in keeping\twith<br \/>\nthe  opinion  expressed by this Court that the Tribunal\t was<br \/>\nestablished.  Section 5C of the said Act now provided for an<br \/>\nappeal\tto  a  Tribunal.  Section 5D now provided  that\t the<br \/>\nGovernment  is\tto  constitute an Appellate  Tribunal.\t The<br \/>\nTribunal  is to consist of a Chairman and not more than four<br \/>\nother  members.\t  The  Chairman of the Tribunal is to  be  a<br \/>\nperson\twho is a retired Judge of a High Court, or a  person<br \/>\nwho  is qualified to be a Judge of a High Court.  The  other<br \/>\nmembers\t should\t be such persons who are qualified to  judge<br \/>\nthe  effect of the film on the public.\tThus the Tribunal is<br \/>\nan  expert  body which has been set up for the\tpurposes  of<br \/>\nconsidering,  amongst other things, the effect of the  films<br \/>\non  the\t public.   However the Government  still  sought  to<br \/>\nretain\tpowers\tby  enacting  Section 6(1).   For  a  better<br \/>\nunderstanding  of the question under consideration, it would<br \/>\nbe  appropriate\t to  set  out Section  6(1).   It  reads  as<br \/>\nfollows:  &#8220;6(1):  Notwithstanding anything contained in this<br \/>\npart,  the Central Government may, of its own motion, at any<br \/>\nstage,\tcall for the record of any proceeding in relation to<br \/>\nany  film  which is pending before, or has been decided\t by,<br \/>\nthe  Board,  or as the case may be, decided by the  Tribunal<br \/>\n(but  for including any proceeding in respect of any  matter<br \/>\nwhich  is  pending  before  the\t Tribunal)  and\t after\tsuch<br \/>\ninquiry,  into\tthe matter as it considers  necessary,\tmake<br \/>\nsuch  order  in relation there to as it thinks fit, and\t the<br \/>\nBoard  shall  dispose of the matter in conformity with\tsuch<br \/>\norder:\t  Provided  that  no  such   order  shall  be\tmade<br \/>\nprejudicially\taffecting   any\t person\t  applying   for   a<br \/>\ncertificate  or\t to whom a certificate has been granted,  as<br \/>\nthe  case may be, except after giving him an opportunity for<br \/>\nrepresenting his views in the matter:  Provided further that<br \/>\nnothing\t in  this  sub- section shall  require\tthe  Central<br \/>\nGovernment  to\tdisclose any fact which it considers  to  be<br \/>\nagainst public interest to disclose.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p>      Thus  even after establishing the Appellate  Tribunal,<br \/>\nby  means of Section 6(1), the Central Government sought  to<br \/>\nretain\twith it the power to make such orders as it  thought<br \/>\nfit.   In effect what the Government is seeking to do is  to<br \/>\nexercise  power of review or revision over the decisions  of<br \/>\nthe  Board  or the Tribunal.  Mr.  Goswami sought to  submit<br \/>\nthat  it was necessary to retain such a power because it has<br \/>\nbeen  found  that on certain occasions, after the  film\t has<br \/>\nbeen  cleared  by  the Board or by the Tribunal,  there\t was<br \/>\npublic\tresentment to the film and law and order  situations<br \/>\narose.\tHe submitted that such a situation would necessitate<br \/>\na  review  and\/or  revision  of\t the  order  passed  by\t the<br \/>\nTribunal.   He\tsubmitted that under our Constitution  there<br \/>\nwas  no\t strict\t separation of powers.\t He  submitted\tthat<br \/>\njudicial  functions could also be discharged by the  Central<br \/>\nGovernment  by\tway of conferment of revisional powers.\t  We<br \/>\nare  unable to accept the submission of the learned counsel.<br \/>\nThe  Government\t has chosen to establish a  quasi-  judicial<br \/>\nbody  which has been given the powers, inter alia, to decide<br \/>\nthe effect of the film on the public.  Once a quasi-judicial<br \/>\nbody  like  the Appellate Tribunal, consisting of a  retired<br \/>\nJudge of a High Court or a person qualified to be a Judge of<br \/>\na  High\t Court\tand other experts in the  filed,  gives\t its<br \/>\ndecision  that decision would be final and binding so far as<br \/>\nthe  Executive\tand the Government is concerned.  To  permit<br \/>\nthe  Executive\tto review and\/or revise that decision  would<br \/>\namount\tto  interference  with\t the  exercise\tof  judicial<br \/>\nfunctions  by  a quasi-judicial Board.\tIt would  amount  to<br \/>\nsubjecting  the\t decision  of a quasi-judicial body  to\t the<br \/>\nscrutiny  of  the  Executive.  Under  our  Constitution\t the<br \/>\nposition  is  reverse.\tThe Executive has to  obey  judicial<br \/>\norders.\t Thus, Section 6(1) is a travesty of the rule of law<br \/>\nwhich  is  one of the basic structures of the  Constitution.<br \/>\nThe  Legislature may, in certain cases, overrule or  nullify<br \/>\nthe   judicial\t or  executive\t decision  by  enacting\t  an<br \/>\nappropriate  legislation.   However,   without\tenacting  an<br \/>\nappropriate  legislation,  the Executive or the\t Legislature<br \/>\ncannot set at naught a judicial order.\tThe Executive cannot<br \/>\nsit  in an appeal or review or revise a judicial order.\t The<br \/>\nAppellate Tribunal consisting of experts and decides matters<br \/>\nquasi-judicially.  A Secretary and\/or Minister cannot sit in<br \/>\nappeal\tor  revision over those decisions.  At the  highest,<br \/>\nthe  Government\t may  apply  to the Tribunal  itself  for  a<br \/>\nreview,\t if  circumstances so warrant.\tBut  the  Government<br \/>\nwould be bound by the ultimate decision of the Tribunal.  We<br \/>\nfail to understand the apprehension expressed by the learned<br \/>\ncounsel\t that there may be a law and order situation.\tOnce<br \/>\nan  Expert Body has considered the impact of the film on the<br \/>\npublic and has cleared the film, it is no excuse to say that<br \/>\nthere  may  be\ta law and order situation.  It\tis  for\t the<br \/>\nconcerned  State Government to see that the law and order is<br \/>\nmaintained.  In any democratic society there are bound to be<br \/>\ndivergent  views.   Merely  because a small section  of\t the<br \/>\nsociety\t has  a\t different view, from that as taken  by\t the<br \/>\nTribunal,  and\tchoose\tto express their views\tby  unlawful<br \/>\nmeans  would  be  no ground for the Executive to  review  or<br \/>\nrevise\ta  decision  of the Tribunal.  In such a  case,\t the<br \/>\nclear duty of the Government is to ensure that law and order<br \/>\nis  maintained by taking appropriate actions against persons<br \/>\nwho  choose  to\t breach\t the law.   We,\t therefore,  see  no<br \/>\nsubstance  in the Appeal.  The same stands dismissed.  There<br \/>\nwill, however, be no Order as to costs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India Union Of India vs K. M. Shankarappa on 6 November, 2000 Bench: S.N.Variava, V.N.Krare CASE NO.: Appeal (civil) 3106 1991 PETITIONER: UNION OF INDIA Vs. RESPONDENT: K. M. SHANKARAPPA DATE OF JUDGMENT: 06\/11\/2000 BENCH: S.N.Variava, V.N.Krare JUDGMENT: L&#8230;..I&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;T&#8230;&#8230;.T&#8230;&#8230;.T&#8230;&#8230;.T&#8230;&#8230;.T&#8230;&#8230;.T..J J U D G M E N T S. N. VARIAVA, J. This [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-240038","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Union Of India vs K. M. 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