{"id":243996,"date":"1995-01-20T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1995-01-19T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/ms-new-india-assurance-co-ltd-vs-union-of-india-ors-on-20-january-1995"},"modified":"2016-11-21T08:53:38","modified_gmt":"2016-11-21T03:23:38","slug":"ms-new-india-assurance-co-ltd-vs-union-of-india-ors-on-20-january-1995","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/ms-new-india-assurance-co-ltd-vs-union-of-india-ors-on-20-january-1995","title":{"rendered":"M\/S. New India Assurance Co. Ltd vs Union Of India &amp; Ors on 20 January, 1995"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">M\/S. New India Assurance Co. Ltd vs Union Of India &amp; Ors on 20 January, 1995<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_citations\">Equivalent citations: 1995 SCC  (2) 417, \t  JT 1995 (1)\t550<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: J S Verma<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: Verma, Jagdish Saran (J)<\/div>\n<pre>           PETITIONER:\nM\/S.  NEW INDIA ASSURANCE CO. LTD.\n\n\tVs.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nUNION OF INDIA &amp; ORS.\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT20\/01\/1995\n\nBENCH:\nVERMA, JAGDISH SARAN (J)\nBENCH:\nVERMA, JAGDISH SARAN (J)\nBHARUCHA S.P. (J)\nPARIPOORNAN, K.S.(J)\n\nCITATION:\n 1995 SCC  (2) 417\t  JT 1995 (1)\t550\n 1995 SCALE  (1)292\n\n\nACT:\n\n\n\nHEADNOTE:\n\n\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p>J.S. VERMA, J.:\n<\/p>\n<p>1.   The  suit giving rise to this appeal was filed  by\t the<br \/>\nappellant-New India Assurance Co. Ltd. and Respondent No. 3-<br \/>\nNGEF  Ltd.  against  the Union\tof  India  representing\t the<br \/>\nconcerned railway administrations impleading the Bihar State<br \/>\nElectricity Board as a proforma defendant to recover the sum<br \/>\nof Rs 1, 97,864\/- together with interest as compensation for<br \/>\nloss  of  goods\t during transit by  rail.  The\ttrial  court<br \/>\ndecreed the suit against the Union of India for recovery  of<br \/>\nRs.  1.97,864\/-\t together  with interest at the\t rate  of  6<br \/>\npercent per annum from the, date of suit till payment.\t The<br \/>\nfirst  appeal  filed  by  the Union  of\t India\tagainst\t the<br \/>\nplaintiffs has been allowed by the Karnataka High Court\t and<br \/>\nthe  judgment  and decree of the trial court  decreeing\t the<br \/>\nsuit  have  been set aside.  Hence this\t appeal\t by  Special<br \/>\nLeave.\n<\/p>\n<p>2.   The  Bihar\t State Electricity Board (Defendant  No.  3)<br \/>\nplaced\tan  order with NGEF Limited (Plaintiff\tNo.  2)\t for<br \/>\nsupply of one 20 M.V.A. Transformer with accessories.\tNGEF<br \/>\nLimited\t (Plaintiff  No.  2)  tendered\tthe  consignment  on<br \/>\n15.6.1977  to  the railway administration at  Bangalore\t for<br \/>\ncarriage  to, and delivery at Hajipur in Bihar,\t naming\t the<br \/>\nBihar\tState  Electricity  Board  (Defendant  No.   3)\t  as<br \/>\nconsignee.  The consignment was covered by an open insurance<br \/>\npolicy issued by New India Assurance Company (Plaintiff\t No.\n<\/p>\n<p>1) under which insurer was liable to reimburse the consignor<br \/>\nNGEF Ltd. (Plaintiff No. 2) for non-delivery or loss of\t the<br \/>\nconsignment during transit by rail.  The consignment reached<br \/>\nthe  destination on 31.7.1977 but was found to\tbe  damaged.<br \/>\nIt appeared that the damage was caused to the consignment in<br \/>\ntransit during its transshipment from a broad gauge wagon to<br \/>\na  meter gauge wagon.  Open delivery of the consignment\t was<br \/>\ngiven  by  the\trailway an 31.8.1977 and  a  certificate  of<br \/>\ndamage\t to   this  effect  was\t issued\t  by   the   railway<br \/>\nadministration.\t  The damage caused to the  consignment\t was<br \/>\nalso  surveyed and the surveyor gave his  report  estimating<br \/>\nthe loss at Rs. 1,96,849\/The claim made by the Plaintiff No.<br \/>\n2NGEF  Ltd., the consignor, under the insurance\t policy\t was<br \/>\nsettled\t by the insurer by payment of Rs.  1,96,849\/-.\t The<br \/>\nconsignor, plaintiff No. 2-NGEF Ltd. had written a letter in<br \/>\nfavour\tof the insurer plaintiff No. 1\tNew India  Assurance<br \/>\nCo. Ltd. authorising the insurer to recover the damages from<br \/>\nthe railway administration.  After the statutory notice, New<br \/>\nIndia  Insurance Company Ltd. as the insurer filed the\tsuit<br \/>\nfor recovery of the said amount impleading the consignor  as<br \/>\nPlaintiff No. 2 and the consignee as the proforma  Defendant<br \/>\nNo.  3. The consignee-Defendant No. 3 remained ex-parte\t and<br \/>\ndid not<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">552<\/span><br \/>\ncontest the suit.  The suit was contested only by the  Union<br \/>\nof India representing the railway administrations.\n<\/p>\n<p>3.   The  defence  of the railway administrations  was\tthat<br \/>\nownership   of\tgoods  was  in\tthe  consignee-Bihar   State<br \/>\nElectricity  Board  (Defendant No. 3)  and,  therefore,\t the<br \/>\nplaintiffs  i.e. the insurer and the consignor had no  right<br \/>\nto sue.\t The liability for payment of compensation was\talso<br \/>\ndenied.\n<\/p>\n<p>4.   It\t is  significant that the  Bihar  State\t Electricity<br \/>\nBoard  (Defendant  No.\t3)  whose title\t to  the  goods\t was<br \/>\nasserted by the railway administration, apart from, not con-<br \/>\ntesting\t  the\tsuit   had  also   intimated   the   railway<br \/>\nadministration by a letter that it had no right or  interest<br \/>\nin the goods and, therefore, it had no objection to recovery<br \/>\nof   the   amount  by  the  plaintiffs\tfrom   the   railway<br \/>\nadministration.\t  The letter Ex.  P-9 dated 09.12.1978\tsent<br \/>\nby  the\t consignee (Defendant No. 3) was  addressed  to\t the<br \/>\nrailway\t administration\t and countersigned  by\tthe  Station<br \/>\nMaster of the destination station at the time of giving open<br \/>\ndelivery  of the goods.\t There was thus no dispute of  title<br \/>\nto  the\t goods\tor right to sue between\t the  consignor\t and<br \/>\nconsignee.\n<\/p>\n<p>5.   The  trial court accordingly rejected this\t defence  of<br \/>\nthe  railway  administration  and held\tthat  the  consignor<br \/>\n(Plaintiff No. 2) had title to the goods and, therefore, was<br \/>\nentitled  to  maintain the suit It was also  held  that\t the<br \/>\ndamage\tto  the\t goods\twas caused  during  transit  by\t the<br \/>\nnegligence  of\tthe railway administration.   The  loss\t was<br \/>\nassessed  at  the sum of Rs. 1,97,000\/-.   Accordingly,\t the<br \/>\nsuit was decreed in favour of the plaintiffs for recovery or<br \/>\nRs.  1,97,864\/- with interest at the rate of 6 percent\tfrom<br \/>\nDefendants  1  and 2, the Union of  India  representing\t the<br \/>\nconcerned&#8217; railway administrations.\n<\/p>\n<p>6.   In\t the first appeal filed by the Union of\t India,\t the<br \/>\nHigh  Court  has  reversed the trial  court&#8217;s  judgment\t and<br \/>\ndecree.\t  The High Court affirmed the finding of  the  trial<br \/>\ncourt  that  the loss during transit was occasioned  by\t the<br \/>\nnegligence  of\tthe  railway  administration.\tHowever,  it<br \/>\nfurther\t held that the property in goods had passed  to\t the<br \/>\nconsignee  (Defendant No. 3-Bihar State\t Electricity  Board)<br \/>\nwhen the consignment was booked on F.O.R. basis and the con-<br \/>\nsignor (Plaintiff No. 1) had not cause of action against the<br \/>\nrailway\t administration\t to make the claim for loss  to\t the<br \/>\nconsignment  during transit.  The High Court held  that\t the<br \/>\nright  to  sue\twas  only  in  the  consignee  (Bihar  State<br \/>\nElectricity  Board-Defendant No. 3).  For this reason  alone<br \/>\nthe appeal was allowed resulting in dismissal of me suit\n<\/p>\n<p>7.   We have no doubt that the judgment of the High Court is<br \/>\nerroneous.  Irrespective of the general rule relating to the<br \/>\nconsignor&#8217;s  right  to sue the\trailway\t administration\t for<br \/>\nrecovery  of  damages where the railway\t receipt  names\t the<br \/>\nconsignee also, in the facts of the present case the plea of<br \/>\nthe  railway administration to resist the consignor&#8217;s  right<br \/>\nto sue is wholly untenable.  Admittedly, there is no dispute<br \/>\nbetween\t the consignor and consignee about the ownership  of<br \/>\ngoods  or  the\tright to sue.  The  letter  Ex.\t  P-9  dated<br \/>\n09.12.1978 of the consignee bearing the counter signature of<br \/>\nthe  Station  Master of the destination station\t and  handed<br \/>\nover  to the railway administration at the time of the\topen<br \/>\ndelivery   of  the  consignment\t stated\t clearly  that\t the<br \/>\nconsginee (Bihar State Electricity<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\">553<\/span><br \/>\nBoard) had no right or interest in the consignment and\tthat<br \/>\nit  had\t no  objection\tto recovery  of\t the  claim  by\t the<br \/>\nconsignor from the railway administration.  In such a  situ-<br \/>\nation  there was no scope or occasion for the High Court  to<br \/>\nrecord a finding that the consignee had title to the  goods.<br \/>\nFor this reason alone the finding of the High Court that  it<br \/>\nwas the consignee alone, and not the consignor, who had\t the<br \/>\nright to sue, is against the admitted facts and the relevant<br \/>\npleadings.   The  view taken by the High  Court\t is  clearly<br \/>\ntenuous.\n<\/p>\n<p>8.   <a href=\"\/doc\/300557\/\">In\t Union of India v. West Punjab Factory (AIR<\/a> 1966  SC\n<\/p>\n<p>395) a Constitution Bench of this Court held that ordinarily<br \/>\nit  is the consignor who can sue if there is damage  to\t the<br \/>\nconsignment  since the contract of carriage is\tbetween\t the<br \/>\nconsignor and the railway administration- the mere fact that<br \/>\nthe  consignee\tis different from the  consignor,  does\t not<br \/>\nnecessarily  pass title to the goods from the  consignor  to<br \/>\nthe  consignee, and the question whether title of goods\t has<br \/>\npassed to the consignee has to be decided on other evidence.<br \/>\nIn  short,  whether  title  to goods  has  passed  from\t the<br \/>\nconsignor  to  the consignee is a question of fact  in\teach<br \/>\ncase.\tThe ordinary rule indicated was that  the  consignor<br \/>\nwho  enters  into  contract of\tcarriage  with\tthe  railway<br \/>\nadministration can sue.\t It is difficult to appreciate\thow,<br \/>\nin the present case, the High Court could have dismissed the<br \/>\nconsignor&#8217;s suit particularly when the consignee had clearly<br \/>\nintimated  to the railway administration in writing that  it<br \/>\ndid not claim any right or title in the goods.\n<\/p>\n<p>9.   Consequently  the appeal is allowed.  The judgment\t and<br \/>\ndecree\tpassed by the High Court are set aside and  that  of<br \/>\nthe trial court decreeing the suit arc restored.<br \/>\nThe plaintiffs would get the costs throughout from the Union<br \/>\nof India representing the railway administration  (Defendant<br \/>\nNos.  1 and 2).\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\">554<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India M\/S. New India Assurance Co. Ltd vs Union Of India &amp; Ors on 20 January, 1995 Equivalent citations: 1995 SCC (2) 417, JT 1995 (1) 550 Author: J S Verma Bench: Verma, Jagdish Saran (J) PETITIONER: M\/S. NEW INDIA ASSURANCE CO. LTD. Vs. RESPONDENT: UNION OF INDIA &amp; ORS. DATE OF [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-243996","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>M\/S. New India Assurance Co. 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