{"id":255872,"date":"1994-12-07T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1994-12-06T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/union-of-india-ors-vs-brg-p-k-dutta-retd-on-7-december-1994"},"modified":"2015-09-12T14:12:12","modified_gmt":"2015-09-12T08:42:12","slug":"union-of-india-ors-vs-brg-p-k-dutta-retd-on-7-december-1994","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/union-of-india-ors-vs-brg-p-k-dutta-retd-on-7-december-1994","title":{"rendered":"Union Of India &amp; Ors vs Brg. P.K. Dutta (Retd.) on 7 December, 1994"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Union Of India &amp; Ors vs Brg. P.K. Dutta (Retd.) on 7 December, 1994<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_citations\">Equivalent citations: 1995 SCC, Supl.  (2)  29 JT 1995 (1)\t413<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: B Jeevan Reddy<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: Jeevan Reddy, B.P. (J)<\/div>\n<pre id=\"pre_1\">           PETITIONER:\nUNION OF INDIA &amp; ORS\n\n\tVs.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nBRG. P.K. DUTTA (RETD.)\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT07\/12\/1994\n\nBENCH:\nJEEVAN REDDY, B.P. (J)\nBENCH:\nJEEVAN REDDY, B.P. (J)\nMANOHAR SUJATA V. (J)\n\nCITATION:\n 1995 SCC  Supl.  (2)  29 JT 1995 (1)\t413\n 1994 SCALE  (5)178\n\n\nACT:\n\n\n\nHEADNOTE:\n\n\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p id=\"p_1\">1.   Leave granted.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_1\">2.   Heard  learned  Additional Solicitor  General  for\t the<br \/>\nappellant-Union of India and the learned counsel for the re-<br \/>\nspondent.   The appeal is preferred against the judgment  of<br \/>\nthe Delhi High Court allowing the writ petition filed by the<br \/>\nrespondent and directing the Union of India to disburse\t the<br \/>\nretrial benefit such as pension, gratuity etc as permissible<br \/>\nunder the Rules to him within one month from the date of the<br \/>\njudgment.   It was further directed that respondent&#8217;s  claim<br \/>\nfor  payment  in respect of encashment of  202\tdays  annual<br \/>\nleave shall be dealt with and decided in accordance with the<br \/>\nRules  and  the amount found payable shall be  paid  to\t him<br \/>\nwithin the same period.\t The claim for interest on the\tsaid<br \/>\namount was however rejected.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_2\">3.   The  respondent  joined  the  Army\t as  a\tCommissioned<br \/>\nOfficer on June 12,1960.  He earned promotions in due course<br \/>\nand retired in the rank of Brigadier on December 31,1991  on<br \/>\nattaining  the\tage of superannuation.\t Since\tthe  retrial<br \/>\nbenefits due to him were not paid, he laid a claim therefor.<br \/>\nWhile  so,  in January 1992, disciplinary  proceedings\twere<br \/>\ninitiated  against  him.  He was tried by  a  General  Court<br \/>\nMartial\t and awarded three years rigorous  imprisonment\t and<br \/>\nwas also cashiered.  The findings of the Court Martial\twere<br \/>\nconfirmed by the chief of Army staff and have become  final.<br \/>\nSince  the  retrial  benefits  were  not  paid\tto  him,  he<br \/>\napproached the Delhi High Court by way of Writ Petition\t No.<br \/>\n5414  of 1993.\tThe High Court held, following the  decision<br \/>\nof this court in <a href=\"\/doc\/284121\/\" id=\"a_1\">Major G.S.Sodhi v. Union of India<\/a> (1991 (2)<br \/>\nSCC  371),  that  cashiering does not by  itself  result  in<br \/>\nforfeiture  of the retrial benefits and accordingly  allowed<br \/>\nthe Writ Petition and gave the direction aforementioned.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_3\">4.   The   learned   Additional\t Solicitor   General,\tShri<br \/>\nV.R.Reddy, submits that the Delhi High Court was in error in<br \/>\ngiving the directions aforementioned in view of the pendency<br \/>\nof  the\t proceedings for forfeiture of retrial\tbenefits  as<br \/>\ncontemplated by regulation 16(a) of the Pension Regulations.<br \/>\nThis  fact is, however, not referred to or mentioned in\t the<br \/>\njudgment of the High Court.  In the ordinary course we would<br \/>\nnot  have  allowed the appellant to raise this plea  but  we<br \/>\nfind  that  in the counter-affidavit filed by the  Union  of<br \/>\nIndia in the Delhi High Court, this fact was clearly  stated<br \/>\nat  two\t places.  The following statements in  the  counter-<br \/>\naffidavit bear it out;\n<\/p>\n<blockquote id=\"blockquote_1\"><p>\t      &#8220;It is further submitted that encashment<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\" id=\"span_1\">\t      415<\/span><br \/>\n\t      of leave is not permissible under rule because<br \/>\n\t      of    his\t   involvement\t  in\tdisciplinary<br \/>\n\t      proceedings.   Copy  of  Government  of  India<br \/>\n\t      letter  dated  20\t August,  1990\tattached  as<br \/>\n\t      Annexures\t R-1  in the face  of  filling\tthis<br \/>\n\t      W.P.,  the provisional pension being  paid  to<br \/>\n\t      officer has not been stopped though it  should<br \/>\n\t      have been stopped and action should have\tbeen<br \/>\n\t      initiated for exercising the discretion of the<br \/>\n\t      competent Authority i.e., the President.\t The<br \/>\n\t      action has been initiated.&#8221;\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote id=\"blockquote_1\"><p>\t      (emphasis added)<br \/>\n\t      Again;\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote id=\"blockquote_2\"><p>\t      &#8220;It  is further submitted that since the\tdis-<br \/>\n\t      ciplinary proceedings are completed\/concluded,<br \/>\n\t      the  operation of Reg 38 causes its  operation<br \/>\n\t      and  pension case of the petitioner has to  be<br \/>\n\t      regulated under the provision of Reg 16 (a) of<br \/>\n\t      PRA  Pt-1,  1961 for  issue  of  discretionary<br \/>\n\t      power of the President for grant or  otherwise<br \/>\n\t      of pensionary benefits. The case has been ini-<br \/>\n\t      tiated for the same.  &#8221;\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote id=\"blockquote_3\"><p>\t      (emphasis added)\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p id=\"p_4\">5.   It\t appears  that\tthis  aspect  was  not\tspecifically<br \/>\nbrought\t to  the notice of the High Court.  Had it  been  so<br \/>\nbrought to its notice, we are sure the High Court would\t not<br \/>\nhave  made  the directions in the manner complained  of\t But<br \/>\nhaving regard to the crucial relevance of the said  averment<br \/>\nand  in\t the  facts and circumstances of the  case,  we\t are<br \/>\ninclined to take note of the said statements in the counter-<br \/>\naffidavit.   Once  this\t is so, it should  follow  that\t the<br \/>\ndirections  as given by the High Court become  unsustainable<br \/>\nin  law.  At the same time the proceedings  initiated  under<br \/>\nRegulation  16\t(a) have to be directed to  be\tdisposed  of<br \/>\nexpeditiously.\tBut before we make the final directions.  It<br \/>\nis  necessary  to deal with the contentions  raised  by\t the<br \/>\nlearned counsel for the respondent.  He urged the  following<br \/>\ncontentions; Regulation 16(a) of the Pension Regulations has<br \/>\nno statutory force.  The said regulations are administrative<br \/>\nin  nature.  They cannot run counter to or  be\tinconsistent<br \/>\nwith the <a href=\"\/doc\/165229\/\" id=\"a_1\">Army Act<\/a> or the Rules made thereunder.\t <a href=\"\/doc\/432283\/\" id=\"a_2\">Section  71<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_5\">(h)  of\t the <a href=\"\/doc\/165229\/\" id=\"a_3\">Army Act<\/a> indicates that forfeiture\t of  retrial<br \/>\nbenefits is one of the punishment that can be awarded by the<br \/>\nCourt Martial itself In view of the said statutory provision<br \/>\nthe  Regulation cannot empower another authority  to  impose<br \/>\nthe said punishment.  Rule 14 of the Army Rules too supports<br \/>\nthe  above  proposition, says the counsel.  We\tare  of\t the<br \/>\nopinion that none of the said contentions merits acceptance.<br \/>\n<a href=\"\/doc\/432283\/\" id=\"a_4\">Section 71<\/a> specifies the punishments that can be awarded  by<br \/>\nthe  Court Martial.  They include the punishment  of  death,<br \/>\nimprisonment  for life, cashiering, dismissal from  service,<br \/>\nreduction   in\trank,  forfeiture  of  seniority  or   rank,<br \/>\nforfeiture  of\tpay and allowances and so on.\tOne  of\t the<br \/>\npunishments which can be awarded is mentioned under clause\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_6\">(h).\t  <a href=\"\/doc\/432283\/\" id=\"a_5\">Sections 71<\/a> (h) and (k) read as follows:\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_7\">\t      &#8221;\t    71.Punishment   awardable\tby    courts<br \/>\n\t      martial.-\t Punishment  may  be  inflicted\t  in<br \/>\n\t      respect\tof  offenses  committed\t by   person<br \/>\n\t      subject  to this Act and convicted  by  court-<br \/>\n\t      martial,\taccording  to the  scale  following,<br \/>\n\t      that is to say;-\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_8\">\t      (h)   forfeiture of service for the purpose of<br \/>\n\t      increased pay, pension or any other prescribed<br \/>\n\t\t\t    purpose;\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_9\">\t      (k)   forfeiture\tin  the\t case  of  a  person<br \/>\n\t      sentenced to cashiering or dismissal from\t the<br \/>\n\t      service  of all arrears of pay  and  allowance<br \/>\n\t      and other public money due to him at the\ttime<br \/>\n\t      of such cashiering or dismissal;&#8230;&#8230;..\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_10\">6.   We are of the opinion that clause<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\" id=\"span_1\"> 416<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_11\">(h)  of\t <a href=\"\/doc\/432283\/\" id=\"a_6\">Section 71<\/a> contemplates forfeiture of\tservice\t for<br \/>\nthe   purpose  of  increased  pay,  pension  or\t any   other<br \/>\nprescribed  purpose and is wholly different from  Regulation<br \/>\n16 (a), which reads thus;\n<\/p>\n<blockquote id=\"blockquote_4\"><p>\t      &#8220;16 (a) When an officer who has to his  credit<br \/>\n\t      the  minimum  period  of\tqualifying   service<br \/>\n\t      required\tto  earn  pension  is  cashiered  or<br \/>\n\t      dismissed\t  or  removed  from   service,\t his<br \/>\n\t      pension,\t may  at  the  discretion   of\t the<br \/>\n\t      President,  be  forfeited or be granted  at  a<br \/>\n\t      rate  not\t exceeding that for which  he  would<br \/>\n\t      have otherwise qualified had he retired on the<br \/>\n\t      same date.&#8221;\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p id=\"p_12\">7.   A reading of both the provisions clearly brings out the<br \/>\ndistinct fields occupied by them.  Regulation 16 (a) contem-<br \/>\nplates a situation where an officer is cashiered,  dismissed<br \/>\nor  removed from service and provides how his pension is  to<br \/>\nbe  dealt  with.   Whereas  <a href=\"\/doc\/432283\/\" id=\"a_7\">Section  71<\/a>\t (h)  provides\t the<br \/>\npunishments  which  can\t be awarded by\tthe  Court  Martial.<br \/>\n<a href=\"\/doc\/432283\/\" id=\"a_8\">Section\t 71<\/a>  (h) contemplated a punishment  awarded  at\t the<br \/>\nconclusion  of\tthe Court Martial While\t Regulation  16\t (a)<br \/>\ncontemplates  a\t stage subsequent to the  awarding  of\tpun-<br \/>\nishment\t of Court Martial and its confirmation.\t The  nature<br \/>\nand content of both the impositions is altogether  different<br \/>\nand  distinct.\t So is the field occupied by clause  (k)  of<br \/>\n<a href=\"\/doc\/432283\/\" id=\"a_9\">Section 71<\/a>.  Wholly distinct from Regulation 16(a).  We are,<br \/>\ntherefore,  unable to see any inconsistency between  <a href=\"\/doc\/432283\/\" id=\"a_10\">Section<br \/>\n71<\/a> (h) and Regulation 16(a).\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_13\">8.   It\t is  true  that the  Pension  regulations  are\tnon-<br \/>\nstatutory in character.\t But as held by this Court in  Civil<br \/>\nAppeal\tNo.831\tof  1993 disposed of on July  26,  1994\t the<br \/>\npensioner  benefits  are provided for and are  payable\tonly<br \/>\nunder  those Regulations and can, therefore, be withheld  or<br \/>\nforfeited  under and as provided by those very\tRegulations.<br \/>\nThe following holding from the said judgment makes the posi-<br \/>\ntion clear;\n<\/p>\n<blockquote id=\"blockquote_5\"><p>\t      &#8220;We   do\tnot  agree  even  with\tthe   second<br \/>\n\t      contention  advanced by the  learned  counsel.<br \/>\n\t      The provisions of Regulation 16 (a) are clear.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p id=\"p_14\">\t      Even  if\tit  is\tassumed\t that  the   Pension<br \/>\n\t      Regulations  have no statutory force, we\tfail<br \/>\n\t      to  understand how the provisions of the\tsaid<br \/>\n\t      Regulations  are\tcontrary  to  the  statutory<br \/>\n\t      provisions  under the Act or the\tRules.\t The<br \/>\n\t      pensions&#8217;\t  has  been  provided  under   these<br \/>\n\t      regulations.   It\t is  not  disputed  by\t the<br \/>\n\t\t\t    learned counsel that the pension was granted t<br \/>\no<br \/>\n\t      the appellant under the said regulations.\t The<br \/>\n\t      regulations  which provided for the  grant  of<br \/>\n\t      pension can also provide for taking it away on<br \/>\n\t      justifiable grounds.  A show cause notice\t was<br \/>\n\t      issued  to  the  appellant.   His\t reply\t was<br \/>\n\t      considered and thereafter the President passed<br \/>\n\t      the   order   forfeiting\t the   pension\t and<br \/>\n\t      death-cum-retirement  gratuity.\tWe  see\t  no<br \/>\n\t      infirmity in the order.&#8221;\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_15\">9.   We may also mention that Army Rule 14 has absolutely no<br \/>\nrelevance on this aspect.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_16\">10.  In\t view of the above, the appeal is allowed  with\t the<br \/>\nfollowing directions;\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_17\">(1)  The proceedings initiated under Regulation 16(a)  shall<br \/>\nbe concluded within six months from today.  This time  limit<br \/>\nis  fixed in view if the fact that the proceedings are\tsaid<br \/>\nto  have  been\tinitiated  even by  the\t time  the  counter-<br \/>\naffidavit was filed in the High Court (The counter affidavit<br \/>\nwas sworn to on 15th April. 1994.)<br \/>\n(2)  If\t no orders are passed under Regulation 16(a) of\t the<br \/>\nPension Regulations within the aforesaid period, the di-\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\" id=\"span_2\">419<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India Union Of India &amp; Ors vs Brg. P.K. Dutta (Retd.) on 7 December, 1994 Equivalent citations: 1995 SCC, Supl. (2) 29 JT 1995 (1) 413 Author: B Jeevan Reddy Bench: Jeevan Reddy, B.P. (J) PETITIONER: UNION OF INDIA &amp; ORS Vs. RESPONDENT: BRG. P.K. DUTTA (RETD.) DATE OF JUDGMENT07\/12\/1994 BENCH: JEEVAN [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-255872","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Union Of India &amp; Ors vs Brg. P.K. 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