{"id":256744,"date":"1971-03-16T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1971-03-15T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/har-sharan-verma-vs-tribhuvan-narain-singh-chief-on-16-march-1971"},"modified":"2015-08-22T21:42:06","modified_gmt":"2015-08-22T16:12:06","slug":"har-sharan-verma-vs-tribhuvan-narain-singh-chief-on-16-march-1971","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/har-sharan-verma-vs-tribhuvan-narain-singh-chief-on-16-march-1971","title":{"rendered":"Har Sharan Verma vs Tribhuvan Narain Singh, Chief … on 16 March, 1971"},"content":{"rendered":"
Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n
Har Sharan Verma vs Tribhuvan Narain Singh, Chief … on 16 March, 1971<\/div>\n
Equivalent citations: 1971 AIR 1331, 1971 SCR 1<\/div>\n
Author: S Sikri<\/div>\n
Bench: Sikri, S.M. (Cj), Shelat, J.M., Vaidyialingam, C.A., Grover, A.N., Ray, A.N.<\/div>\n
           PETITIONER:\nHAR SHARAN VERMA\n\n\tVs.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nTRIBHUVAN NARAIN SINGH, CHIEF MINISTER\tU.P. & ANR.\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT16\/03\/1971\n\nBENCH:\nSIKRI, S.M. (CJ)\nBENCH:\nSIKRI, S.M. (CJ)\nSHELAT, J.M.\nVAIDYIALINGAM, C.A.\n\nCITATION:\n 1971 AIR 1331\t\t  1971 SCR    1\n CITATOR INFO :\n RF\t    1985 SC 282\t (3,12)\n\n\nACT:\nConstitution  of  India, Art. 164(4)--<\/a>Appointment  as  Chief\nMinister  of  a\t person\t who  is  not  a  member  of   State\nLegislature--Validity of appointment.\n\n\n\nHEADNOTE:\nThe first respondent was appointed as Chief Minister of U.P.\non October 18, 1970.  His appointment was challenged on\t the\nground\tthat  he  was  not  a  member  of  either  house  of\nlegislature  at the time of appointment.  In appeal to\tthis\nCourt  against\tthe  High Court's  judgment  dismissing\t the\npetition under Art. 226<\/a>,\nHELD : (i) Clause (4) of Art. 164<\/a> must be interpreted in the\ncontext\t of Arts. 163 and 164 of the Constitution.   Article\n163(1)<\/a> provides that \"there shall be a Council of  Ministers\nwith  the Chief Minister at the head to aid and\t advise\t the\nGovernor  in the exercise of his functions except in so\t far\nas he is by or under this Constitution required to  exercise\nhis  functions\tor  any of them in  his\t discretion.\"  Under\ncl.(1) of Art. 164<\/a> the Chief Minister has to be appointed by\nhim  on\t the advice of the Chief, Minister.  They  all\thold\noffice\tduring\tthe pleasure of the Governor.\tClause'\t (1)\ndoes  not  provide any qualification for the  person  to  be\nselected by the Governor as Chief Minister or minister.\t But\ncl.  (2)  makes it essential that the council  of  Ministers\nshall\tbe  collectively  responsible  to  the\t Legislative\nAssembly of the State.\tThis is the only condition that\t the\nConstitution  prescribes in this behalf.  There is  thus  no\nreason why the plain words' of cl.(4) of Art. 164<\/a> should  be\ncut  down  in  any manner and confined to  a  case  where  a\nMinister  loses for some reason his seat in the\t Legislature\nof the State.  That this is the correct meaning to be  given\nto  Art\t 164(4)\t is  supported by  the\tproceedings  of\t the\nConstituent  Assembly  and  the position as  it\t obtains  in\nEngland, Australia and South Africa. [12GH, 3E].\n(ii) -If  the Governor of a State appoints a Chief  Minister\nand  Council  of Ministers none of whom are members  of\t the\nState Legislature, and the Legislative Assembly of the State\nto  whom  the  Council of  Ministers  would  be\t responsible\nendorses this unlikely Council of Ministers, there is  noth-\ning  in the Constitution which would make  this\t appointment\nillegal. [3AB].\n(iii)\t  There\t can be no difficulty in Ministers  who\t are\nnot members of the Legislature being present at the time  of\nthe  Governor's address because by virtue of Art.  177<\/a>\tthey\nwould  be  entitled  to be present at  the  meeting  of\t the\nLegislature addressed by the Governor. [3C-D].\n\n\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 2205 of
\n1970.\n<\/p>\n
Appeal from the judgment and order dated November 4, 1970 of
\nthe Allahabad High.  Court in Lucknow Bench in writ petition
\nNo. 1402 of 1970.\n<\/p>\n
The appellant appeared in person.\n<\/p>\n
1-1 S. c India\/71
\n2<\/span>
\nL. M. Singhvi, R. Bana and O. P. Rana, for the respondents.
\nThe Judgment of the Court was delivered by
\nSikri,\tC. J. In this appeal by certificate granted by the
\nHigh  Court  under  Art. 132<\/a> of\t the  Constitution  a  short
\nquestion as to the interpretation of cl. 4 of Article 164<\/a> of
\nthe  Constitution  arises.   This  question  has  arisen  in
\nconnection  with  the appointment on October, 18,  1970,  of
\nShri  Tribhuvan\t Narain\t Singh as Chief\t Minister  of  Uttar
\nPradesh.  He was not a member of either House of Legislature
\nof  the State of Uttar Pradesh at the time of  his  appoint-
\nment.\n<\/p>\n
The  appellant, who is a rate-Payer of the  Lucknow  Consti-
\ntuency\tto the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly,  filed  a
\npetition  under\t Art. 226<\/a> of the Constitution  in  the\tHigh
\nCourt challenging the appointment of the respondent as Chief
\nMinister.  The High Court dismissed the petition but granted
\na  certificate under Art. 132<\/a> of the Constitution,  and\t the
\nappeal is now before us.\n<\/p>\n
\t      Article 164(4)<\/a> reads as follows :\n<\/p>\n
\t      ” 164(4) A Minister who for any period of\t six
\n\t      consecutive  months  is not a  member  of\t the
\n\t      Legislature   of\tthe  State  shall   at\t the
\n\t      expiration  of  that  period  cease  to  be  a
\n\t      Minister.”\n<\/p>\n
The appellant contends that this clause only applies when  a
\nMinister,  who is a Member of the Legislature of the  State,
\nloses his seat and the idea behind cl. (4) of Art. 164<\/a> is to
\ngive  him a period of six months to get himself.  reelected.
\nThe  learned  Counsel  for  the\t respondent,  Mr.   Singhvi,
\ncontends  that the scope of cl. (4) cannot be whittled\tdown
\nin this manner as there is no warrant in the language of the
\narticle.  He further says that even in England a person\t can
\nbe a Minister without being a Member of the House of Commons
\nor the House of Lords.\tHe further points out that a  number
\nof constitutions contain similar provisions.
\nIt seems to us that cl. (4) of Art. 164<\/a> must be\t interpreted
\nin  the\t context of Arts. 163 and 164 of  the  Constitution.
\nArticle\t 163(1)<\/a> provides that “there shall be a\t Council  of
\nMinisters  with\t the Chief Minister at the head to  aid\t and
\nadvise the Governor in the exercise of his functions, except
\nin so far as he is by or under this Constitution required to
\nexercise  his functions or any of them in  his\tdiscretion.”
\nUnder  cl.(1)  of  Art. 164<\/a>, the Chief Minister\t has  to  be
\nappointed by the Governor and the other Ministers have to be
\nappointed by him on the advice of the Chief Minister.\tThey
\nall hold office during the pleasure of the Governor.  Clause
\n(1) does not provide any qualification for the person to  be
\nselected by the Governor as the Chief Minister or  Minister,
\nbut cl. (2) makes it essential that the Council of Ministers
\nshall\tbe  collectively  responsible  to  the\t Legislative
\nAssembly of the State.\tThis is the only condition that\t the
\nConstitution prescribes in this behalf.\n<\/p>\n
\t\t\t     3<\/span><\/p>\n
The  appellant\tsays that if the interpretation put  by\t the
\nHigh Court is correct it would be possible for a Governor to
\nappoint\t a  Chief Minister and Ministers none  of  whom\t are
\nMembers\t of the State Legislature.  He said that this  could
\nnot have been contemplated.  But if the Legislative Assembly
\nof  the\t State to whom this Council of\tMinisters  would  be
\ncollectively  responsible endorses this unlikely Council  of
\nMinisters  there is nothing in the Constitution which  would
\nmake this appointment illegal.\n<\/p>\n
The appellant drew our attention to Art. 175<\/a> in which it  is
\nprovided  that\t“the Governor may  address  the\t Legislative
\nAssembly  or,  in the case of a State having  a\t Legislative
\nCouncil,  either House of the Legislature of the  State,  or
\nboth  Houses  assembled together, and may for  that  purpose
\nrequire the attendance of Members.” He said that it would be
\nrather\tstrange that the Ministers, who were not members  of
\neither\tthe Legislative Assembly or the Legislative  Council
\nwould not be present.  But it seems to us that by virtue  of
\nArt.  177<\/a> the Ministers, even if they are not Members  of  a
\nLegislative   Assembly\tor  Legislative\t Council  would\t  be
\nentitled to be present at such a meeting.
\nIt  seems to us that in the context of the other  provisions
\nof the Constitution referred to above there is no reason why
\nthe plain words of cl. (4) of Art. 164<\/a> should be cut down in
\nany  manner and confined to a case where a,  Minister  loses
\nfor  some reason his seat in the Legislature of\t the  State.
\nWe are assured that the meaning we have given to cl. (4)  of
\nArt.  164<\/a>  is the correct one from the\tproceedings  of\t the
\nConstituent  Assembly  and  the position as  it\t obtains  in
\nEngland, Australia and South Africa.\n<\/p>\n
An  amendment(1)  was proposed in the  Constituent  Assembly
\nthat the following be substituted :\n<\/p>\n
\t      “A  Minister shall, at the time of  his  being
\n\t      chosen as such be a member of the\t Legislative
\n\t      Assembly or Legislative Council of the  States
\n\t      as the case may be.”\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
This amendment was, however, negatived.
\nIt   is\t interesting  to  note\tthe  position  in   England.
\nAccording to Jennings(2) :\n<\/p>\n
\t      “It  is a well-settled convention\t that  these
\n\t      ministers should be either peers or members of
\n\t      the  House  of the Commons.  There  have\tbeen
\n\t      occasional exceptions.  Mr.
\n\t      (1)   Constituent Assembly Debates dated\tJune
\n\t      1, 1949 Official Report Vol.  VIII.  P. 521.
\n\t      (2)   Cabinet  Government\t by   Jennings-third
\n\t      edition, page 60.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
\t\t\t\t    4<\/span><\/p>\n
\t      Gladstone. once held office, out of Parliament
\n\t      for  nine months.\t ‘The Scottish Law  officers
\n\t      sometimes,  as  in 1923 and 1924, are  not  in
\n\t      parliament, General Smuts was minister without
\n\t      portfolio and a member of the War Cabinet from
\n\t      1916 until 1918.\tMr. Ramsay MacDonald and Mr.
\n\t      Malcolm MacDonald were members of the  Cabinet
\n\t      though  not  in Parliament  from\tthe  general
\n\t      election\tof  November  1935  until  early  in
\n\t      1936.”\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
\t      “The House of Commons is, however, critical of
\n\t      such  exceptions.”\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
S.   64\t of  the Commonwelth of Australia  Constitution\t Act
\ninter  alia provides that “after the first general  election
\nno  Minister of State shall hold office for a longer  period
\nthan  three  months unless he is or becomes a senator  or  a
\nmember of the House of representatives.” Commenting on\tthis
\nQuick & Garran(3) state as, follows :\n<\/p>\n
\t      “The  appointment of a Federal  Ministry\twill
\n\t      necessarily precede the election of the  first
\n\t      Federal Parliament.  There must be a  Ministry
\n\t      to  assist and advise the Governor General  in
\n\t      the    performance    of\t  Executive\tActs
\n\t      essential.for the conduct of the first general
\n\t      election.\t  The first Federal Ministry  cannot
\n\t      at their appointment be members of the Federal
\n\t      Parliament,  because  at\tthe  time  of  their
\n\t      appointment  there  is no such  Parliament  in
\n\t      existence.  After the first general  election,
\n\t      however,\tno Federal Minister is permitted  to
\n\t      hold  office for a longer ,,period than  three
\n\t      months, unless he is or becomes a senator or a
\n\t      member of the House of Representatives.
\n\t      Section  32 of the Constitution Act  of  South
\n\t      Australia\t (4th  January,\t 1856)\tcontained  a
\n\t      similar provision, viz., that after the  first
\n\t      general  election\t of  the  South\t  Australian
\n\t      Parliament, no person should hold the  offices
\n\t      of    Chief    Secretary,\t   Attorney-General,
\n\t      Treasurer,  Commissioner\tof Crown  Lands\t and
\n\t      Immigration, or Commissioner of Public  Works,
\n\t      for more than three calendar months, unless he
\n\t      should be a member of the Legislative  Council
\n\t      or House of Assembly.”\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
\t      This  shows that Art. 164 (4)<\/a> has\t an  ancient
\n\t      lineage.\t Section 14(1) of the  South  Africa
\n\t      Act, 1909 reads thus
\n\t      “The Governor-General may appoint officers not
\n\t      exceeding\t (twelve)  in number  to  administer
\n\t      such departments of State of the Union as\t the
\n\t      Governor-General in
\n\t      (3) “Annotated Constitution of the  Australian
\n\t      Commonwealth” by Quick & Garran, p. 711.\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
\t\t\t\t    5<\/span><\/p>\n
\t      Council  may  establish; such  officers  shall
\n\t      hold   office  during  the  pleasure  of\t the
\n\t      Governor-General.\t  They shall be\t members  of
\n\t      the Executive Council and shall be the  King’s
\n\t      ministers\t of State for the Union.  After\t the
\n\t      first general election of members of the House
\n\t      of   Assembly,  as  hereinafter  provide,\t  no
\n\t      minister shall hold office for a longer period
\n\t      than  three months unless he is or  becomes  a
\n\t      member of either House of Parliament.”
\n\t      Hahlo and Kahn(4) state thus :\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
\t      “The  rule  of  responsible  government\tthat
\n\t      Ministers\t must  be Members of  Parliament  is
\n\t      ensured by the statutory requirement that they
\n\t      be  or within three months become\t members  of
\n\t      either House.”\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
In the result the appeal fails and is dismissed.  There will
\nbe no order as to costs.\n<\/p>\n
G. C.\n<\/p>\n
\t\t\t    Appeal dismissed.\n<\/p>\n
(4)  “The British Commonwealth–The Development of its\tLaws
\nand Constitutions” by Hahlo & Kahn (Vol. 5 P. 130).\n<\/p>\n
6<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Supreme Court of India Har Sharan Verma vs Tribhuvan Narain Singh, Chief … on 16 March, 1971 Equivalent citations: 1971 AIR 1331, 1971 SCR 1 Author: S Sikri Bench: Sikri, S.M. (Cj), Shelat, J.M., Vaidyialingam, C.A., Grover, A.N., Ray, A.N. PETITIONER: HAR SHARAN VERMA Vs. RESPONDENT: TRIBHUVAN NARAIN SINGH, CHIEF MINISTER U.P. & ANR. DATE […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-256744","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"\nHar Sharan Verma vs Tribhuvan Narain Singh, Chief ... on 16 March, 1971 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/har-sharan-verma-vs-tribhuvan-narain-singh-chief-on-16-march-1971\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Har Sharan Verma vs Tribhuvan Narain Singh, Chief ... on 16 March, 1971 - 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