{"id":259549,"date":"1986-10-17T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1986-10-16T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/h-guru-instruments-p-ltd-vs-collector-of-central-excise-on-17-october-1986"},"modified":"2015-09-11T17:28:49","modified_gmt":"2015-09-11T11:58:49","slug":"h-guru-instruments-p-ltd-vs-collector-of-central-excise-on-17-october-1986","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/h-guru-instruments-p-ltd-vs-collector-of-central-excise-on-17-october-1986","title":{"rendered":"H. Guru Instruments (P) Ltd. &#8230; vs Collector Of Central Excise on 17 October, 1986"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Customs, Excise and Gold Tribunal &#8211; Delhi<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">H. Guru Instruments (P) Ltd. &#8230; vs Collector Of Central Excise on 17 October, 1986<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_citations\">Equivalent citations: 1988 (15) ECC 28, 1987 (10) ECR 333 Tri Delhi, 1986 (27) ELT 269 Tri Del<\/div>\n<p id=\"p_1\">ORDER<\/p>\n<p> K.L. Rekhi, Member (T)<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_1\">1. The appellants are aggrieved by the impugned orders in pursuance of which central excise duty amounting to Rs. 57,688.27 has been demanded from them on scientific and Industrial Instruments manufactured by them through M\/s. India Electrodes and Components (&#8216;IEC&#8217; for short) and cleared unauthorisedly without payment of central excise duty. Penalty of Rs. 25,000\/- has laso been imposed on them.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_2\">2.    We   have   heard   both   sides   and   have   carefully   considered   their submissions   and   the   record.   The   appellants   pressed   before   us   only   the following two arguments:\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_3\">(1)  Since the appellants supplied only the raw materials and all manufacturing   operations   were   performed   by   M\/s.   IEC,   M\/s.   I.E.C. were the manufacturers and not the appellants; and<\/p>\n<p>(2)  the  demand  show  cause &#8216;notice issued on  24.2.1979  for  the period 6.3.1975  to   17.1.1978   was  time  barred.   As  no allegation of  fraud or suppression had been  made in the show cause notice and hence the normal time limit of six months applied.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_4\">3.    We   find   from   the   order-in-appeal   that   the  appellants   had   taken the   first   plea  before  the  Central  Board  of  Excise  and  Customs        also On     this      point,      paragraph   &#8216;6&#8217;   of   the   Board&#8217;s  order-in-appeal   reads as under:\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_5\"> &#8220;When it was pointed out that the law in this regard has been settled by the judgment of the Supreme Court in Shree Agencies case (AIR 1972 SC. 78) the argument was not pursued&#8221;.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_6\">The plea has, however, been raised again before us. We observe that it is the admitted position by the appellants that they supplied cast Aluminium cases, Aluminium Rods, Mild Steel Rods, Stainless Steel rods, Stainless Steel Brass and German Silver components etc. to M\/s. I.E.C. and M\/s. I.E.C. manufactured therefrom scientific and Industrial Instruments, namely, non ferrous pressure gauges, Stainless Steel Pressure Guages, Mercury-in-Steel Thermometers, Vapour Pressure Thermometres etc. as per specifications of the appellants. The instruments so manufactured bore the brand name and I.S.I. mark of the appellants and they were marketed by the appellants just like similar other instruments manufactured in their own large scale factory. In the facts and circumstances of the case, the status of M\/s. I.E.C. was no better than that of hired labour and in fact also they received only the job charges. Section 2 (f) of the Central Excises and <a href=\"\/doc\/53524\/\" id=\"a_1\">Salt  Act<\/a>,  1944 defines &#8216;Manufacture&#8217; and &#8216;Manufacturer&#8217; in the following terms:\n<\/p>\n<pre id=\"pre_1\">\"manufacture\"    includes    any    process    incidental    or    ancillary   to the completion of a manufactured product; and\n *     *      *       *     *      *         *\n\n \n\nand   the   word   \"manufacturer\"   shall   be   construed   accordingly   and shall   include   not   only   a  person  who  employs  hired  labour  in  the production  or  manufacture  of excisable goods, but also any person who engages in their production or manufacture on his own account.\" \n \n\n<\/pre>\n<p id=\"p_7\">According   to   the   aforesaid   definition,   the   lower   authorities   have held   the   appellants   as   manufacturers   of   the   instruments   which   they   got fabricated   from   M\/s.   I.E.G.   We   agree   with   the   lower   authorities.   The case  of the appellants is distinguishable from the usual brand name cases, such as those reported at:\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_8\">(1)   1985 (22) E.L.T. 302(S.C.) &#8211; Cibatul Ltd.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_9\">(2)   1985 (22) E.L.T. 324 (S.C.) &#8211; Food Specialities Ltd.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_10\">In the aforesaid Supreme Court cases, the brand name owners did not supply the raw materials or components. The manufacturing units used their own materials and they charged full commercial price for the articles manufactured by them. The brand name owners had the right of inspection and they could reject any part of the goods manufactured with their brand name which did not come up to their quality standard. These were the cases of manufacture and sale of on principal to principal basis. However, in the case before us, it is the appellants who were owners of the raw materials and components throughout and at the end they took away all the goods fabricated on their behalf by paying only the job charges to M\/s. I.E.G. This was not the case of manufacture and sale on principal to principal basis but of one unit employing another unit on hired labour basis. To the facts of appellants&#8217; case, ratio of the Supreme Court judgments at<\/p>\n<p>(1)   1977 E.L.T. (J.   168) &#8211;<a href=\"\/doc\/100763412\/\" id=\"a_1\">Shree Agency v. S.K. Bhattacharjee and Ors<\/a>..\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_11\">(2)   1986  (25)  E.L.T.   609  &#8211;  <a href=\"\/doc\/1288303\/\" id=\"a_2\">Bajran   Gopi   Lal   Gajabi   v.  M.N.  Balkundri<\/a> is   applicable  and  they  have  to  be  held  manufacturers  of  the  instruments, which they got fabricated from M\/s. I.E.G.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_12\">4. The plea of limitation has been made by the appellants for the first time in the proceedings. However, since it is a legal plea, we have allowed it to be made. We have given our careful consideration to this plea. It is a settled position in law now that allegation of fraud or suppression need not be mentioned directly; it is enough if there is adequate material in the show cause notice from which such allegation can be inferred. We observe from the show cause notice in this case that there was no disclosure made by the appellants to the authorities that they were getting a part of their instruments manufactured through M\/s. I.E.G. The evidence of four letters pleaded by them before the Collector and the Board has been rightly rejected by these authorities because neither the Assistant Collector nor the Superintendent to whom these letters were said to have been addressed received any one of them. These letters has not been sent by registered post. There was no accountal in central excise records of the instruments manufactured by the appellants through M\/s. I.E.G. nor any central excise duty was paid on their removal. The authorities came to know about the manufacture and clearance of these instruments only on receipt of Intelligence in pursuance of which they visited the factories of the appellants and M\/s. I.E.G., took charge of the appellants&#8217; private accounts and made further inquiries. The appellants themselves were a Idrge scale manufacturer of similar instruments in their own factory and they were well aware that central excise duty was payable on them. From the facts of the case and the &#8220;conduct of the appellants, which have all been mentioned in the show cause notice, the conclusion is inescapable that the appellants were guilty of wilful suppression with a view to evading payment of duty on a part of their production of instruments which they got fabricated by employing another unit (M\/s. I.E.G.) as hired labour. In the circumstances, the extended time limit of five years applied to their case and the show cause notice was not time barred.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_13\">5.   No other  plea was taken  before us  by the appellants. In the light of our above discussion, we dismiss their appeal.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Customs, Excise and Gold Tribunal &#8211; Delhi H. Guru Instruments (P) Ltd. &#8230; vs Collector Of Central Excise on 17 October, 1986 Equivalent citations: 1988 (15) ECC 28, 1987 (10) ECR 333 Tri Delhi, 1986 (27) ELT 269 Tri Del ORDER K.L. Rekhi, Member (T) 1. The appellants are aggrieved by the impugned orders in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[41,33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-259549","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-customs-excise-and-gold-tribunal-delhi","category-tribunal"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>H. Guru Instruments (P) Ltd. ... vs Collector Of Central Excise on 17 October, 1986 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/h-guru-instruments-p-ltd-vs-collector-of-central-excise-on-17-october-1986\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"H. Guru Instruments (P) Ltd. ... vs Collector Of Central Excise on 17 October, 1986 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/h-guru-instruments-p-ltd-vs-collector-of-central-excise-on-17-october-1986\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/LegalindiaCom\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"1986-10-16T18:30:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2015-09-11T11:58:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/09\/legal-india-icon.jpg?fit=512%2C512&ssl=1\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"512\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"512\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Legal India Admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@legaliadmin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@Legal_india\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Legal India Admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/h-guru-instruments-p-ltd-vs-collector-of-central-excise-on-17-october-1986#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/h-guru-instruments-p-ltd-vs-collector-of-central-excise-on-17-october-1986\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Legal India Admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0bfdffe9059fb8bb24a86d094609c5ea\"},\"headline\":\"H. Guru Instruments (P) Ltd. &#8230; vs Collector Of Central Excise on 17 October, 1986\",\"datePublished\":\"1986-10-16T18:30:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-09-11T11:58:49+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/h-guru-instruments-p-ltd-vs-collector-of-central-excise-on-17-october-1986\"},\"wordCount\":1099,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Customs, Excise and Gold Tribunal - Delhi\",\"Tribunal\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/h-guru-instruments-p-ltd-vs-collector-of-central-excise-on-17-october-1986#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/h-guru-instruments-p-ltd-vs-collector-of-central-excise-on-17-october-1986\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/h-guru-instruments-p-ltd-vs-collector-of-central-excise-on-17-october-1986\",\"name\":\"H. Guru Instruments (P) Ltd. ... vs Collector Of Central Excise on 17 October, 1986 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"1986-10-16T18:30:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2015-09-11T11:58:49+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/h-guru-instruments-p-ltd-vs-collector-of-central-excise-on-17-october-1986#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/h-guru-instruments-p-ltd-vs-collector-of-central-excise-on-17-october-1986\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/h-guru-instruments-p-ltd-vs-collector-of-central-excise-on-17-october-1986#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"H. Guru Instruments (P) Ltd. &#8230; vs Collector Of Central Excise on 17 October, 1986\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/\",\"name\":\"Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India\",\"description\":\"Search and read the latest judgements, orders, and rulings from the Supreme Court of India and all High Courts. A comprehensive database for lawyers, advocates, and law students.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"Free judgements of Supreme Court & High Court of India | Legal India\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India\",\"alternateName\":\"Legal India\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/5\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/legal-india-icon.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/5\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/legal-india-icon.jpg\",\"width\":512,\"height\":512,\"caption\":\"Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/LegalindiaCom\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/Legal_india\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0bfdffe9059fb8bb24a86d094609c5ea\",\"name\":\"Legal India Admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Legal India Admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/legaliadmin\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.legalindia.com\\\/judgments\\\/author\\\/legal-india-admin\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"H. Guru Instruments (P) Ltd. ... vs Collector Of Central Excise on 17 October, 1986 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/h-guru-instruments-p-ltd-vs-collector-of-central-excise-on-17-october-1986","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"H. Guru Instruments (P) Ltd. ... vs Collector Of Central Excise on 17 October, 1986 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India","og_url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/h-guru-instruments-p-ltd-vs-collector-of-central-excise-on-17-october-1986","og_site_name":"Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/LegalindiaCom\/","article_published_time":"1986-10-16T18:30:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2015-09-11T11:58:49+00:00","og_image":[{"width":512,"height":512,"url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/09\/legal-india-icon.jpg?fit=512%2C512&ssl=1","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Legal India Admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@legaliadmin","twitter_site":"@Legal_india","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Legal India Admin","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/h-guru-instruments-p-ltd-vs-collector-of-central-excise-on-17-october-1986#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/h-guru-instruments-p-ltd-vs-collector-of-central-excise-on-17-october-1986"},"author":{"name":"Legal India Admin","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#\/schema\/person\/0bfdffe9059fb8bb24a86d094609c5ea"},"headline":"H. Guru Instruments (P) Ltd. &#8230; vs Collector Of Central Excise on 17 October, 1986","datePublished":"1986-10-16T18:30:00+00:00","dateModified":"2015-09-11T11:58:49+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/h-guru-instruments-p-ltd-vs-collector-of-central-excise-on-17-october-1986"},"wordCount":1099,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#organization"},"articleSection":["Customs, Excise and Gold Tribunal - Delhi","Tribunal"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/h-guru-instruments-p-ltd-vs-collector-of-central-excise-on-17-october-1986#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/h-guru-instruments-p-ltd-vs-collector-of-central-excise-on-17-october-1986","url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/h-guru-instruments-p-ltd-vs-collector-of-central-excise-on-17-october-1986","name":"H. Guru Instruments (P) Ltd. ... vs Collector Of Central Excise on 17 October, 1986 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#website"},"datePublished":"1986-10-16T18:30:00+00:00","dateModified":"2015-09-11T11:58:49+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/h-guru-instruments-p-ltd-vs-collector-of-central-excise-on-17-october-1986#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/h-guru-instruments-p-ltd-vs-collector-of-central-excise-on-17-october-1986"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/h-guru-instruments-p-ltd-vs-collector-of-central-excise-on-17-october-1986#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"H. Guru Instruments (P) Ltd. &#8230; vs Collector Of Central Excise on 17 October, 1986"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/","name":"Free Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India","description":"Search and read the latest judgements, orders, and rulings from the Supreme Court of India and all High Courts. A comprehensive database for lawyers, advocates, and law students.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#organization"},"alternateName":"Free judgements of Supreme Court & High Court of India | Legal India","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#organization","name":"Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India","alternateName":"Legal India","url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/09\/legal-india-icon.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/09\/legal-india-icon.jpg","width":512,"height":512,"caption":"Judgements of Supreme Court & High Court | Legal India"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/LegalindiaCom\/","https:\/\/x.com\/Legal_india"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/#\/schema\/person\/0bfdffe9059fb8bb24a86d094609c5ea","name":"Legal India Admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/4faa9d728ed1af3b73d52225c7f12901ac726fe6f7ea0a3348a1d51f3a930987?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Legal India Admin"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.legalindia.com","https:\/\/x.com\/legaliadmin"],"url":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/author\/legal-india-admin"}]}},"modified_by":null,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/259549","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=259549"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/259549\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=259549"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=259549"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=259549"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}