{"id":261367,"date":"2009-11-12T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2009-11-11T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/dr-r-s-lal-mohan-vs-the-executive-engineer-wro-on-12-november-2009"},"modified":"2014-06-16T17:52:12","modified_gmt":"2014-06-16T12:22:12","slug":"dr-r-s-lal-mohan-vs-the-executive-engineer-wro-on-12-november-2009","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/dr-r-s-lal-mohan-vs-the-executive-engineer-wro-on-12-november-2009","title":{"rendered":"Dr.R.S.Lal Mohan vs The Executive Engineer (Wro) on 12 November, 2009"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Madras High Court<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Dr.R.S.Lal Mohan vs The Executive Engineer (Wro) on 12 November, 2009<\/div>\n<pre id=\"pre_1\">       \n\n  \n\n  \n\n \n \n BEFORE THE MADURAI BENCH OF MADRAS HIGH COURT\n\nDATED: 12\/11\/2009\n\nCORAM\nTHE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE D.MURUGESAN\nand\nTHE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE S.NAGAMUTHU\n\nW.P.(MD) No.2799 of 2007\n\n1. Dr.R.S.Lal Mohan\n    Former Principal Scientist of\n    Indian Council of Agriculture Research\n    (Govt. of India)\n    Chairman\n    Nature Trust\n    43\/C, Water Tank Road, Nagercoil\n    Kanyakumari District\n\n2. Mr.Mano Thangaraj\n\n3. R.Nagarajan\n    President\n    Manithavalam Iyarkai Mattrum\n    Chuttru Chulal Mempattu Arrakattalai\n    Santhi Nigethan, Villkuri Post\n    Kanyakumari District\n\n4. K.Pathma Doss\t\t\t   \t   ..  Petitioners\n\nversus\n\n1. The Executive Engineer (WRO)\n    Public Works Department\n    Kanyakumari District\n\n2. The District Collector\n    Kanyakumari District\n    Nagercoil\n\n\n3. The Assistant Environmental Engineer\n    Pollution Control Board\n    No.49, Ambrose Street\n    Nagercoil\n    Kanyakumari District 629 001\t\t   ..\tRespondents\n\n\tPetition under <a href=\"\/doc\/1712542\/\" id=\"a_1\">Article 226<\/a> of the Constitution of India for the issue of a\nWrit of Mandamus forbearing the respondents and their subordinates from leasing\nout the public tanks in Kanyakumari District for the purpose of cultivation of\nlotus plants in favour of private persons.\n\n!For Petitioner\t\t   ...\tMr.T.Arul\n^For Respondents\t   ... \tMr.R.Janakiramulu\n\t\t\t\tSpecial Government Pleader\n\t\t\t\tfor R1 &amp; R2\n\t\t\t\tMr.R.Ramanlaal for R3\n\n:ORDER\n<\/pre>\n<p id=\"p_1\">D.MURUGESAN, J.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_1\">\tThis pro bono publico petition is filed by the petitioners seeking for a<br \/>\ndirection to the official respondents, namely, the Executive Engineer (WRO),<br \/>\nPublic Works Department, the District Collector, the Assistant Environmental<br \/>\nEngineer, Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board, Kanyakumari district and their<br \/>\nsubordinates from leasing out the public tanks in that district for the purpose<br \/>\nof cultivation of lotus plants in favour of private persons. The affidavit filed<br \/>\nin support of the petition has been sworn to by Dr.R.S.Lal Mohan, the first<br \/>\npetitioner, who is the Chairman of Conservation of Nature Trust.  He was the<br \/>\nformer Principal Scientist to the Indian Council for Agricultural Research,<br \/>\nGovernment of India and a public spirited person who is striving for the<br \/>\nprotection and conservation of environment in Kanyakumari district.  He has been<br \/>\nconsistently involved in major projects in and across the country with a view to<br \/>\nprotect and preserve the environment and ecology.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_2\">\t2. As per the averments made in the affidavit filed in support of the<br \/>\npetition, it is seen that Kanyakumari district is one of the smallest districts<br \/>\nin the State of Tamil Nadu and it consists of numerous water bodies such as<br \/>\nponds, lakes, rivers, etc.  The major source of water for the purpose of<br \/>\ndrinking and agricultural use for the district is the ponds and rivers.  As per<br \/>\nthe census taken in the year 1962, in Kanyakumari district, more than 3500 tanks<br \/>\nwere noticed and identified. It was noticed that in the year 1998, more than<br \/>\n1000 tanks were lost.  The cultivation of lotus plants in the remaining tanks by<br \/>\nthe official respondents has resulted in huge ecological imbalance. Due to the<br \/>\nevaporation of water in the tanks, the storage area is sizeably reduced.  The<br \/>\ncultivation of lotus plants also results in siltation of the tank to a large<br \/>\nextent when the lotus leaves along with other weeds grow and choke the pond and<br \/>\nthe depth of the pond decreases when the leaves die, disintegrate and settle<br \/>\ndown in the bottom.  When the tank is full of lotus leaves, stems and roots die<br \/>\nand disintegrate after about three months. The decayed and decaying plant matter<br \/>\nrenders the water unfit for consumption and use. The accumulation of excess<br \/>\nnutrients in the tank results in  excessive &#8220;algae&#8221; growth and &#8220;aquatic weed&#8221;<br \/>\ngrowth and the area becomes swamped with algae and foreign species starving the<br \/>\nwater body of precious oxygen, essential for the survival of aquatic animal<br \/>\nlife.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_3\">\t3. The above situation has been created by the Executive Engineer (WRO),<br \/>\nPublic Works Department in periodically leasing out the public tanks for the<br \/>\npurpose of cultivation of lotus plants every year.  Therefore, the petitioners<br \/>\nhave come up by way of the present writ petition in public interest for the<br \/>\nrelief which we have referred to earlier.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_4\">\t4. We have heard Mr.T.Arul, learned counsel appearing for the petitioners,<br \/>\nMr.R.Janakiramulu, learned Special Government Pleader for the respondents 1 &amp; 2<br \/>\nand Mr.R.Ramanlaal, learned counsel for the third respondent.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_5\">\t5. The lotus or water lily is an aquatic plant with broad floating green<br \/>\nleaves and bright fragrant flowers that grow only in shallow waters.  Lotus,<br \/>\nprized for its serene beauty, is delightful to hold, as it&#8217;s blossoms open on<br \/>\nthe surface of a pond. It is perhaps the most spectacular plant in aquatic<br \/>\nenvironment.  Lotus is a perennial plant growing from a thick rizomes. In India,<br \/>\nthe lotus flower is associated with Goddess of Wealth.  In Buddhism, it<br \/>\nsignifies purity, trustworthiness, consciousness, integrity, enlightenment,<br \/>\neternal and above all, a virtuous man.  It is also a spiritual symbol for most<br \/>\nof the Hindus who believe in it.  The plant is also used for medicinal purposes.<br \/>\nAbove all, it is our national flower.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_6\">\t6. In spite of the above significance of the lotus plant, certain impact<br \/>\non soil\/surface, water and air pollutions caused due to the commercial growth of<br \/>\nthe plant in tanks has received the attention of activists concerned with the<br \/>\nconservation of environment. The grievance of the petitioners is to be<br \/>\nconsidered with reference to such impacts on environment.  A scientific study on<br \/>\nsuch impacts would reveal the following.  As far as the soil\/surface pollution<br \/>\nis concerned, the luxurious growth of lotus leaves used to clog the ponds and<br \/>\nthe evaporation was directly proportional to the surface area. The thick growth<br \/>\nof lotus in ponds will increase evaporation and transpiration of the water<br \/>\nfaster and dry up the ponds. The lotus leaves prevent the sunrays from falling<br \/>\non the bottom of the ponds, the decomposition of the debris increases and<br \/>\nenhances the production of hydrogen sulphate and carbon-di-oxide.  The surface<br \/>\nplants are rooted in the bottom of the pond and their leaves and floral shoots<br \/>\nrise above the water level. So they prefer the shallow parts and shores of<br \/>\nponds. Almost without exception, surface flora are undesirable and should be<br \/>\nkept down because they (i) lead to silting up of ponds, (ii) cut off light and<br \/>\nreduce production; oxygen also is reduced, (iii) obstruct feeding of fish, (iv)<br \/>\ndeprive the pond of plankton and instead work it into non-decomposable<br \/>\ncellulose, (v) make the pond unproductive, by extensive penetration of the<br \/>\nbottom by the roots, (vi) make pond management more difficult.  Soil or surface<br \/>\npollution is mostly attributed to mushroom planting of weeds in ponds. Weeds are<br \/>\nplants that are &#8220;out of place&#8221; and whose potentialities for harm are greater<br \/>\nthan for good; they are not so noxious as they are undesirable. Actually, weeds<br \/>\nare greatly responsible for ineffective utilisation of waters and for the<br \/>\nreduced productivity of inland waters.  Weeds (i) utilise most of the nutrients,\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_7\">(ii) cause carbon-di-oxide accumulation, (iii) cause formation of hydrogen<br \/>\nsulphide, methane and other toxic gases, (iv) lead to swamp formation, (v) lead<br \/>\nto oxygen depletion, (vi) algal blooms choke gills, or rot and spoil the water.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_8\">\t7. So far as the water pollution is concerned, the presence of aquatic<br \/>\nweeds result in eutrophication of wet lands.  It also hinders free flow of water<br \/>\nin canal and causes damage to irrigation structures. When the tank is full of<br \/>\nlotus leaves, stems and roots die and disintegrate after about three months. The<br \/>\ndecayed and decaying plant matters of the organic debris render the water foul<br \/>\nand colour of the water itself changes to brown.  This coloured water having<br \/>\nhigh organic content promotes further growth of the weeds as the water have<br \/>\nnutrient value and the aquatic weeds thrive on nutrient water. Eutrophication is<br \/>\none of the major water quality problem affecting tanks. The accumulation of<br \/>\nexcess nutrients in tanks result in excessive algae and aquatic weed growth and<br \/>\nthe area becomes swamped with algae and foreign species starving the water body<br \/>\nof precious oxygen essential for the survival of aquatic animal life. When the<br \/>\nwater body is rich in oxygen and has only a few nutrients, sunlight can<br \/>\npenetrate deep and many aquatic animals thrive. This is the condition when the<br \/>\nwater is clear, healthy and is free from excessive nutrients.  Cultivation of<br \/>\nlotus plants paves way for the growth of other aquatic weeds and it is a<br \/>\nbreeding ground for mosquito and other insects. The cultivation of lotus alters<br \/>\nthe colour and taste of water bodies and it renders the water unfit for<br \/>\nconsumption. Recreation like bathing, swimming and sight-seeing are at stake in<br \/>\nweedy water bodies and it causes irritation and skin diseases. Floating plants<br \/>\nfloat upon the surface and are rooted in the water and not in the bottom of the<br \/>\npond.  They are found in profusion only in wind protected ponds (small tree-<br \/>\nlined ponds), rich in foodstuffs. They shade the pond and so are harmful.<br \/>\nSubmerged ponds or weeds grow chiefly under the water surface. They are (i) the<br \/>\nnatural food of many aquatics, (ii) ideal haunts of vegetation fauna, (iii) the<br \/>\nsource for organic slime at the bottom, (iv) fertilizers of the pond when<br \/>\ndecayed, (v) suppliers of oxygen.  So they are not harmful, in limited<br \/>\nquantities; but in excess they are noxious, as they (i) shade the pond and (ii)<br \/>\nlead to either super-saturation, or depletion of oxygen. Surface plants like the<br \/>\nnoxious Water-hyacinth (Eichornia) and Pistia choke up the water-surface.  The<br \/>\nduck-weeds, Lemna and Azolla form green mats on the water-surface.  The smaller<br \/>\nduck-weed, Wolfia, is small, green and grain-like.  All these often form a<br \/>\ncomplete screen and cut-off sunlight and atmospheric gases.  Nymphea (Lotus) and<br \/>\nNelumbium are firmly rooted in the bottom, but their leaves float on the<br \/>\nsurface.  They often grow in such profusion as to choke the pond and reduce its<br \/>\nproductivity. Profuse weeds cause wide fluctuations in hydro-logical conditions.<br \/>\nDuring growth there are few detrimental effects, because the dissolved oxygen<br \/>\nconcentration is increased and inorganic nutrients are absorbed from water.  At<br \/>\nthe end of the growing season, or when the weeds are killed, their decomposition<br \/>\nmay exert heavy demands on the oxygen resources of a water.  In addition, large<br \/>\nquantities of nutrients may be released from this decaying mass.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_9\">\t8.  Human infectious diseases are among the most serious effects of water<br \/>\npollution, where sanitation may be inadequate or non-existent. Waterborne<br \/>\ndiseases occur when parasites or other disease-causing microorganisms are<br \/>\ntransmitted via contaminated water, particularly water contaminated by pathogens<br \/>\noriginating from excreta.  These include typhoid, intestinal parasites, and most<br \/>\nof the enteric and diarheal diseases caused by bacteria, parasites and viruses.<br \/>\nAmong the most serious parasitic diseases are amoebiasis, giardiasis,<br \/>\nascariasis, and hookworm.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_10\">\t9. So far as the air pollution is concerned, when the tank is full of<br \/>\nlotus leaves, stems and roots die and disintegrate after about three months and<br \/>\nas a result of the decayed and decaying plant matters, apart from the change in<br \/>\nthe colour of water to brown colour due to the organic debris, bad odour and<br \/>\nfoul smell emanates from such ponds which affects the environment including<br \/>\nhuman beings.  Due to the excessive algae and weed growth, precious oxygen<br \/>\nessential for the survival of aquatic animal life is also lost.  The stagnant<br \/>\norganic rich water caused by the cultivation of lotus leaves and other weeds<br \/>\nalso indirectly contribute for the diseases like malaria, filaria, chikungunya,<br \/>\ndengue and other viral diseases.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_11\">\t10. Above all, as has been pointed out by the petitioners, Kanyakumari<br \/>\ndistrict had nearly 3500 tanks in the year 1962 and in the year 1998, the tanks<br \/>\nwere reduced to 2447.  The district has lost almost 1000 tanks in between. One<br \/>\nof the main causes for degradation of tanks is due to the infestation of tanks<br \/>\nby aquatic weeds, gradually leading to encroachment.   The cultivation of lotus<br \/>\nplants has resulted in siltation of the tanks to a large extent when the lotus<br \/>\nleaves along with other weeds grow and choke the pond and the depth of the pond<br \/>\ndecreases when the  leaves die, disintegrate and settle down in the bottom. When<br \/>\nthe dead organic debris settle on the tank bed, it reduces the holding capacity<br \/>\nof the tank. The petitioners allegations in this regard have not been denied.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_12\">\t11. The above discussion would go to show that if the lotus plants are<br \/>\ngrown on commercial basis and that too, by leasing out the tanks for their<br \/>\ncultivation, the result would be disastrous and it is obvious. The above facts<br \/>\nwould show that when commercial cultivation of lotus in ponds is allowed, such<br \/>\nponds could be characterized by very poor water quality, with high nutrient<br \/>\nloading as well as very high faecal coliform counts. Lakes and ponds will suffer<br \/>\nfrom environmental effects of increased population of lotus cultivation.The<br \/>\nsurface area of the lake shrinks within memory.  The silt fills up the lake, the<br \/>\nnutrients encourages the growth of weed and algae. The practice of farming on<br \/>\nfloating beds also encroaches into the diminishing area of the lakes\/ponds,<br \/>\nresulting in such floating beds becoming solid grounds. While considering the<br \/>\nsignificance and importance of lotus flower, when it is grown on commercial<br \/>\nbasis, the impact on pollution is greater and cannot be ignored. The petitioners<br \/>\nhave made a representation to the Executive Engineer (WRO), Public Works<br \/>\nDepartment, Kanyakumari district on 7.3.2007 bringing to his notice the ill-<br \/>\neffects of leasing out of the tanks for cultivation of  lotus plants. As no<br \/>\naction was taken, they have also approached the District Collector with a<br \/>\nrepresentation on 8.3.2007. These representations were also not considered. In<br \/>\nthese circumstances, they have approached this Court by way of the present writ<br \/>\npetition.  In our opinion and for the reasons which we have mentioned earlier,<br \/>\nwe find every justification in the grievance of the petitioners.  The protection<br \/>\nof tanks is of paramount importance, as the water stored in those tanks shall<br \/>\ncater to the needs of the public for drinking as well as for cultivation<br \/>\npurpose.  It is the specific grievance of the petitioners that agriculture in<br \/>\nKanyakumari district is depending upon the water supply from the storage tanks<br \/>\nonly. The large scale growing and cultivation of lotus plants in the tanks which<br \/>\nare leased out to individuals, has resulted in soil\/surface, water and air<br \/>\npollutions. It is right time that the official respondents should be restrained<br \/>\nfrom leasing out the tanks for cultivation of lotus plants. According to the<br \/>\npetitioners, in the year 2004-2005, almost 230 tanks were leased out for lotus<br \/>\ncultivation.  In the year 2007-2008, 129 further tanks were leased out.  At that<br \/>\npoint of time, the petitioners have approached this Court by way of the present<br \/>\nwrit petition when further action was taken to lease out certain other tanks for<br \/>\ncultivation of lotus plants.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_13\">\t12. In view of all the above, we are of the considered view that the writ<br \/>\npetition has to be allowed.  Accordingly, the writ petition is allowed.  The<br \/>\nrespondent-District Collector, Kanyakumari district and the concerned officials<br \/>\nof the Public Works Department are directed not to lease out any of the tanks<br \/>\nsituate in the district for the purpose of cultivation of lotus plants after the<br \/>\nexpiry of the current lease period, if any.  We place on record our appreciation<br \/>\nfor the sincere and earnest efforts taken by the petitioners, especially the<br \/>\nfirst petitioner, in bringing to the notice of this Court the ill-effects caused<br \/>\ndue to the large scale cultivation of lotus plants in the ponds, tanks, lakes in<br \/>\nKanyakumari district which are literally destroying the existing water bodies.<br \/>\nWe may also place on record the valuable services of Mr.T.Arul, the learned<br \/>\ncounsel for the petitioners, in exposing the cause of the public and also for<br \/>\nhaving assisted this Court in the matter.  Consequently, M.P.(MD) No.2 of 2007<br \/>\nis closed.  No costs.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_14\">ss<\/p>\n<p>To\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_15\">1. The District Collector<br \/>\n    Kanyakumari District<br \/>\n    Nagercoil<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_16\">2. The Executive Engineer (WRO)<br \/>\n    Public Works Department<br \/>\n    Kanyakumari District<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_17\">3. The Assistant Environmental Engineer<br \/>\n    Pollution Control Board<br \/>\n    No.49, Ambrose Street<br \/>\n    Nagercoil<br \/>\n    Kanyakumari District 629 001<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Madras High Court Dr.R.S.Lal Mohan vs The Executive Engineer (Wro) on 12 November, 2009 BEFORE THE MADURAI BENCH OF MADRAS HIGH COURT DATED: 12\/11\/2009 CORAM THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE D.MURUGESAN and THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE S.NAGAMUTHU W.P.(MD) No.2799 of 2007 1. Dr.R.S.Lal Mohan Former Principal Scientist of Indian Council of Agriculture Research (Govt. of India) Chairman Nature [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-261367","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-high-court","category-madras-high-court"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Dr.R.S.Lal Mohan vs The Executive Engineer (Wro) on 12 November, 2009 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/dr-r-s-lal-mohan-vs-the-executive-engineer-wro-on-12-november-2009\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Dr.R.S.Lal Mohan vs The Executive Engineer (Wro) on 12 November, 2009 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; 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