{"id":261578,"date":"1951-12-10T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1951-12-09T18:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/makhan-singh-tarsikka-vs-the-state-of-punjab-on-10-december-1951"},"modified":"2016-03-04T19:43:54","modified_gmt":"2016-03-04T14:13:54","slug":"makhan-singh-tarsikka-vs-the-state-of-punjab-on-10-december-1951","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/makhan-singh-tarsikka-vs-the-state-of-punjab-on-10-december-1951","title":{"rendered":"Makhan Singh Tarsikka vs The State Of Punjab on 10 December, 1951"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"docsource_main\">Supreme Court of India<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_title\">Makhan Singh Tarsikka vs The State Of Punjab on 10 December, 1951<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_citations\">Equivalent citations: 1952 AIR   27, 1952 SCR  368<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_author\">Author: M P Sastri<\/div>\n<div class=\"doc_bench\">Bench: Sastri, M. Patanjali (Cj), Mahajan, Mehr Chand, Mukherjea, B.K., Das, Sudhi Ranjan, Aiyar, N. Chandrasekhara<\/div>\n<pre id=\"pre_1\">           PETITIONER:\nMAKHAN SINGH TARSIKKA\n\n\tVs.\n\nRESPONDENT:\nTHE STATE OF PUNJAB.\n\nDATE OF JUDGMENT:\n10\/12\/1951\n\nBENCH:\nSASTRI, M. PATANJALI (CJ)\nBENCH:\nSASTRI, M. PATANJALI (CJ)\nMAHAJAN, MEHR CHAND\nMUKHERJEA, B.K.\nDAS, SUDHI RANJAN\nAIYAR, N. CHANDRASEKHARA\n\nCITATION:\n 1952 AIR   27\t\t  1952 SCR  368\n CITATOR INFO :\n R\t    1952 SC 106\t (9)\n F\t    1952 SC 181\t (5,13,26)\n R\t    1958 SC 163\t (12,39,42)\n\n\nACT:\n    Preventive\tDetention  Act\t(IV of 1950  as\t amended  in\n1951) ss. 3 (i), 9, 11, 12--Order of detention fixing period\nof  detention  in initial order itself before  reference  to\nAdvisory     Board--Legality-Deprivation     of\t    personal\nliberty--Duty to follow procedure strictly.\n\n\n\nHEADNOTE:\n    Whatever  might  be\t the position  under  the  Preventive\nDetention  Act of 1950 before it was amended in 1951,  under\nthe Act as amended in 1951, the Government should  determine\nwhat the period of detention should be only after the  Advi-\nsory  Board to which the case is referred reports  that\t the\ndetention is justified. Fixing of the period of detention in\nthe  initial order itself is contrary to the scheme  of\t the\nAct and cannot be supported.  It cannot be treated as a mere\nsurplusage  as it would tend to prejudice a fair  considera-\ntion  of the detenu's case by the Advisory Board, though  he\nwould  have to be released forthwith if the  Advisory  Board\nreports that there is no sufficient cause for detention.\n    Before a person is deprived of his personal liberty\t the\nprocedure  established by law must be strictly followed\t and\nmust not be departed from to the disadvantage of the  person\naffected.\n\n\n\nJUDGMENT:\n<\/pre>\n<p id=\"p_1\">      ORIGINAL\tJURISDICTION.  Petition\t No.  308  of  1951.<br \/>\nApplication under <a href=\"\/doc\/981147\/\" id=\"a_1\">article 32<\/a> of the Constitution for a\twrit<br \/>\nin  the nature of habeas corpus praying for the\t release  of<br \/>\nthe petitioner from detention.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_1\">H.J. Umrigar (amicus curiae), for the petitioner.<br \/>\nS.M.  Sikri,  Advocate-General of the Punjab,  (Jindra\tLal,<br \/>\nwith him) for the respondent.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_2\">    1951.  December 10. The Judgment of the Court was deliv-<br \/>\nered by<br \/>\n    PATANJALI SASTRI C.J.&#8211;This is a petition under  <a href=\"\/doc\/981147\/\" id=\"a_1\">article<br \/>\n32<\/a> of the Constitution praying for the release of the  peti-<br \/>\ntioner from his alleged unlawful detention. We accepted\t the<br \/>\npetition and, at the conclusion of the hearing, ordered\t the<br \/>\npetitioner  to\tbe released.,  We now proceed  to  give\t the<br \/>\nreasons for our order.\n<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"hidden_text\" id=\"span_1\">369<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"p_3\">    The petitioner was arrested and detained under an  order<br \/>\ndated  1st  March, 1950, made by  the  District\t Magistrate,<br \/>\nAmritsar, under section3(1) of the Preventive Detention Act,<br \/>\n1950 (hereinafter referred to as &#8220;the Act &#8220;) and the grounds<br \/>\nof detention were communicated to the petitioner as required<br \/>\nby  section7 of the Act on 15th March, 1950. The  petitioner<br \/>\nchallenged the validity of the order on various grounds but,<br \/>\nwhile  the  petition was pending after this Court  issued  a<br \/>\nrule  nisi to the respondent, the petitioner was  served  on<br \/>\n6th August with another detention order dated 30th July,1951<br \/>\n1,  purporting\tto be made by the Governor of  Punjab  under<br \/>\nsub-section(1)\tof  section 3 and section 4 of\tthe  Act  as<br \/>\namended\t by the Preventive Detention (Amendment) Act,  1951,<br \/>\nand  he was served with fresh grounds of detention  on\t16th<br \/>\nAugust, 1951. Thereupon the petitioner filed a supplementary<br \/>\npetition  impugning  the validity of the said order  on\t the<br \/>\nground, inter alia, that  it  directed the detention of\t the<br \/>\npetitioner up to 31st March, 1952, the date on which the Act<br \/>\nitself\twas  to\t expire and that this was  contrary  to\t the<br \/>\nprovisions  of\tthe  Act as amended.  On  behalf     of\t the<br \/>\nrespondent,  the Advocate-General of Punjab urged  that\t the<br \/>\nsaid order was not intended to be a fresh order of detention<br \/>\nbut  was passed only with a view to limiting the  period  of<br \/>\ndetention till 31st March, 1952, as it had been held in some<br \/>\ncases  that an order of detention for an  indefinite  period<br \/>\nwas bad.  The order runs as follows :-\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_4\">    WHEREAS the Governor of Punjab is satisfied with respect<br \/>\nto the person known as Makhan Singh Tarsikka, son of  Gujjar<br \/>\nSingh,\tJat, of Tarsikka, Police Station Jandiala,  Amritsar<br \/>\nDistrict, that with a view to preventing him from acting  in<br \/>\na  manner  prejudicial to the security of the State,  it  is<br \/>\nnecessary to make the following order:\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_5\">    Now,  THEREFORE, in exercise  of  the  powers  conferred<br \/>\nby  sub-section\t (1) of section 3 and section  4     of\t the<br \/>\nPreventive Detention Act, 1950 (Act IV of 1950), as  amended<br \/>\nby the Preventive Detention (Amendment) Act, 1951 (Act IV of<br \/>\n1951), the Governor<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\" id=\"span_1\">370<\/span><br \/>\nof Punjab hereby directs that the said Makhan Singh Tarsikka<br \/>\nbe  committed  to  the custody of  the\tInspectorGeneral  of<br \/>\nPrisons, Punjab, and detained in any jail of the State\ttill<br \/>\n31st March, 1952, subject to such  conditions as to  mainte-<br \/>\nnance, discipline and punishment for breaches of  discipline<br \/>\nas have been specified by a general order or as contained in<br \/>\nthe Punjab Communist Detenu Rules, 1950.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_6\">   It will be seen that the terms of the order make it clear<br \/>\nthat  it  was intended to operate as a fresh order  for\t the<br \/>\ndetention of the petitioner and this view is strengthened by<br \/>\nthe  fact  that the order was followed by the service  of  a<br \/>\nfresh  set of grounds on the petitioner as required by\tsec-<br \/>\ntion 7 of the Act; a proceeding which would be wholly unnec-<br \/>\nessary if no fresh order of detention was intended.  Indeed,<br \/>\nit  was suggested on behalf of the petitioner that the\tsaid<br \/>\norder  followed by service of fresh grounds only  four\tdays<br \/>\nbefore\tthe  date fixed for the hearing of the\tpetition  by<br \/>\nthis  Court was a deliberate move by the respondent to\tcir-<br \/>\ncumvent\t the  objections  raised by the\t petitioner  to\t the<br \/>\nvalidity  of the earlier order of 1st March, 1950, and\tthus<br \/>\nrender the proceeding infructuous.  However that may be,  we<br \/>\nare clearly of opinion that the order dated 30th July, 1951.<br \/>\nmust be regarded as a fresh order made for the\tpetitioner&#8217;s<br \/>\ndetention in superession of the earlier order and the  ques-<br \/>\ntion  is  whether  it was illegal in  that  it\tstraightaway<br \/>\ndirected  that the petitioner be detained till\t31st  March,<br \/>\n1952, which was the date of the expiry of the Act.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_7\">      Whatever\tmight be the position under the\t Act  before<br \/>\nits amendment in February, 1951, it is clear that the Act as<br \/>\namended\t requires  that every.case of  detention  should  be<br \/>\nplaced\tbefore an Advisory  Board constituted under the\t Act<br \/>\n(section  9)  and provides that if the\tBoard  reports\tthat<br \/>\nthere is sufficient cause for the detention &#8220;the appropriate<br \/>\nGovernment may confirm the detention order and continue\t the<br \/>\ndetention  of  the person concerned for such  period  as  it<br \/>\nthinks\tfit&#8221; (section 11).  It is, therefore, plain that  it<br \/>\nis only after the Advisory Board, to which the case<br \/>\n<span class=\"hidden_text\" id=\"span_2\">371<\/span><br \/>\nhas been referred, reports that the detention is  justified,<br \/>\nthe Government should determine what the period\t   of deten-<br \/>\ntion should be and not before.\tThe fixing of the period  of<br \/>\ndetention  in the initial order itself in the  present\tcase<br \/>\nwas, therefore, contrary to the scheme of the Act and cannot<br \/>\nbe supported.  The learned Advocate-General, however,  urged<br \/>\nthat in view of the provision in section 11 (2) that if\t the<br \/>\nAdvisory Board reports that there is no sufficient cause for<br \/>\nthe detention, the person concerned would be released forth-<br \/>\nwith, the direction in the order dated 30th July, 1951, that<br \/>\nthe  petitioner\t should be detained till 31st  March,  1952,<br \/>\ncould be ignored as mere surplusage.  We cannot accept\tthat<br \/>\nview.\tIt  is obvious that such a direction would  tend  to<br \/>\nprejudice a fair consideration of the petitioner&#8217;s ease when<br \/>\nit  is\tplaced before the Advisory Board. It cannot  be\t too<br \/>\noften  emphasised  that before a person is deprived  of\t his<br \/>\npersonal  liberty the procedure established by law  must  be<br \/>\nstrictly  followed  and\t must not be departed  from  to\t the<br \/>\ndisadvantage of the person affected.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_8\">\t\t\t\t    Petition allowed.\n<\/p>\n<p id=\"p_9\">Agent for the respondent: P.A. Mehta.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India Makhan Singh Tarsikka vs The State Of Punjab on 10 December, 1951 Equivalent citations: 1952 AIR 27, 1952 SCR 368 Author: M P Sastri Bench: Sastri, M. Patanjali (Cj), Mahajan, Mehr Chand, Mukherjea, B.K., Das, Sudhi Ranjan, Aiyar, N. Chandrasekhara PETITIONER: MAKHAN SINGH TARSIKKA Vs. RESPONDENT: THE STATE OF PUNJAB. DATE [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-261578","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-supreme-court-of-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Makhan Singh Tarsikka vs The State Of Punjab on 10 December, 1951 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; High Court | Legal India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legalindia.com\/judgments\/makhan-singh-tarsikka-vs-the-state-of-punjab-on-10-december-1951\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Makhan Singh Tarsikka vs The State Of Punjab on 10 December, 1951 - Free Judgements of Supreme Court &amp; 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